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The History of Bahrain (1783–1971) covers the history of Bahrain since the invasion of Al Khalifa until the independence from the British Empire. Bahrain was a dependency of the Persian Empire when in 1783, the Bani Utbah tribe led by Al Khalifa invaded it from their base in Al Zubarah (British Protectorate of Qatar). The ruler of Al Khalifa was Ahmed bin Muhammad who became known as the conqueror. His successors faced many challenges over the next 75 years, yet they managed to keep Bahrain under their control. Externally, the island was under continuous threats from Oman and Wahhabis, both of which controlled it for short periods. Persians and Ottomans also made several claims over the country. In 1820 and later in 1861, Britain signed peace treaties with Bahrain and acknowledged Al Khali

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dbo:abstract
  • يغطي تاريخ البحرين منذ غزو آل خليفة حتى الاستقلال عن الإمبراطورية البريطانية. كانت البحرين تحت احتلال الامبراطورية الفارسية. كان حاكم آل خليفة هو أحمد بن محمد الذي أصبح يعرف باسم الفاتح. واجه خلفاؤه العديد من التحديات على مدى السنوات الخمسة والسبعين التالية إلا أنهم تمكنوا من الحفاظ على سيطرتهم للبحرين. خارجيا كانت الجزيرة تحت التهديدات المستمرة من عمان والسعوديين واستطاع كلاهما السيطرة عليها لفترات قصيرة. طالب الفرس والعثمانيين أيضا بضم البلاد. في عام 1820 وبعد ذلك في عام 1861 وقعت بريطانيا معاهدات السلام مع البحرين واعترفت بآل خليفة حكاما. في العام 1867 اندلعت حرب بين البحرين وقطر مما أدى إلى تدخل بريطانيا عينت بريطانيا حاكم جديد وهو عيسى بن علي آل خليفة. في عهد عيسى (1869-1923) لم تكن هناك تحديات خارجية للبلاد لتدافع عنهم بريطانيا. هو وأسرته يتمتعون بسلطات مطلقة والحكم على الناس كرعايا والسيطرة على أجزاء كبيرة من البلاد كإقطاعيات. الإيرادات العامة للبلد جمعت في الغالب من الضرائب والإيجارات وتعتبر الدخل الخاص للحاكم. كان العمود الفقري للاقتصاد هو زراعة النخيل وصيد الأسماك والغوص بحثا عن اللؤلؤ. في نهاية القرن التاسع عشر وضعت بريطانيا البحرين تحت حمايتها وبحلول نهاية الحرب العالمية الأولى شددت قبضتها على الجزيرة. بدءا من عام 1919 بدأ الوكلاء السياسيون البريطانيون تنفيذ خطط الإصلاح. كانت الإصلاحات في العشرينات تتركز في الإجراءات الإدارية. قدمت العديد من العرائض المؤيدة والمعارضة للإصلاحات لمختلف المسؤولين البريطانيين. تدخلت بريطانيا واستبدلت الحاكم بابنه الأكبر حمد الذي أيد الإصلاحات. شملت الإصلاحات صناعة اللؤلؤ والممتلكات الخاصة والنظام القضائي ونظام الشرطة والتعليم. في عام 1932 تم اكتشاف النفط مما أدى إلى تغيرات اقتصادية واجتماعية كبيرة في الجزيرة. انخفض الاهتمام بصناعة اللؤلؤ وزراعة النخيل بسبب الاهتمام المتنامي للنفط. (ar)
  • The History of Bahrain (1783–1971) covers the history of Bahrain since the invasion of Al Khalifa until the independence from the British Empire. Bahrain was a dependency of the Persian Empire when in 1783, the Bani Utbah tribe led by Al Khalifa invaded it from their base in Al Zubarah (British Protectorate of Qatar). The ruler of Al Khalifa was Ahmed bin Muhammad who became known as the conqueror. His successors faced many challenges over the next 75 years, yet they managed to keep Bahrain under their control. Externally, the island was under continuous threats from Oman and Wahhabis, both of which controlled it for short periods. Persians and Ottomans also made several claims over the country. In 1820 and later in 1861, Britain signed peace treaties with Bahrain and acknowledged Al Khalifa as its rulers. In 1867, a war erupted between Bahrain and Qatar, leading to British intervention and independence of Qatar from Bahrain. The British appointed a new Al Khalifa ruler, Isa bin Ali. During Isa's reign (1869–1923), there were no external challenges to the country as Britain defended it. He and his family enjoyed absolute powers, ruling over people as subjects and controlling much of the country as feudal estates. The public revenue of the country, collected then mostly as taxes and rents was the ruler's private income. The ruler used a special militant group to execute his orders via physical coercion. The backbone of the economy was palm cultivation, fishing and pearl diving. Palm cultivation, which the Shia practiced, was tightly controlled by Al Khalifa. Control over pearl diving on the other hands was relaxed, as it was controlled by the Sunni tribes who kept a high level of autonomy and resisted intervention. The Shia power came from their jurists who had strong social power combined with large assets. In the end of the nineteenth century, Britain placed Bahrain under its protection and by the end of the First World War tightened its grip on the island. Starting from 1919, successive British political agents began implementing reform plans. The reforms of the twenties as they became known were administrative in nature. The Shia supported them, while the Sunni tribes and parts of the ruling family opposed them. Many petitions and counter petitions were submitted to various British officials. The country was divided and violence erupted from the opposing faction. The British intervened and replaced the ruler with his elder son, Hamad bin Isa, who supported the reforms. The reforms included the pearl industry, private properties, judicial system, policing system and education. In 1932, oil was discovered, leading to significant economical and social changes in the island. Pearl industry and palm cultivation were soon wiped out due to oil growing industry. (en)
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  • al-Baḥrayn wa Tawābi‘hu (en)
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  • Muharraq Manama (en)
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  • Bahrain (en)
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  • Bahrain and Its Dependencies (en)
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  • 0001-08-15 (xsd:gMonthDay)
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  • 1867 (xsd:integer)
  • 1861-05-31 (xsd:date)
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  • 0001-07-23 (xsd:gMonthDay)
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  • United Kingdom (en)
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  • Flag of Bahrain (en)
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  • Zand Dynasty flag.svg (en)
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  • Flag of Bahrain .svg (en)
  • Flag of Qatar .svg (en)
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  • Left: Flag (en)
  • Right: Flag (en)
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  • Authoritarian absolute monarchy under a caretaker government (en)
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  • Flag of Bahrain .svg (en)
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  • Mapofqatar1849.jpg (en)
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  • Territory controlled by Bahrain in 1849 (en)
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  • al-Baḥrayn wa Tawābi‘hu (en)
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  • Zand dynasty (en)
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  • Qatar (en)
  • State of Bahrain (en)
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  • 1941 (xsd:integer)
  • 1959 (xsd:integer)
  • 1971 (xsd:integer)
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  • Protectorate (en)
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  • Protectorate of the United Kingdom (en)
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  • 1971 (xsd:integer)
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  • 1783 (xsd:integer)
  • 1961 (xsd:integer)
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  • 1861 (xsd:integer)
  • 1970 (xsd:integer)
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  • 1783 (xsd:integer)
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  • يغطي تاريخ البحرين منذ غزو آل خليفة حتى الاستقلال عن الإمبراطورية البريطانية. كانت البحرين تحت احتلال الامبراطورية الفارسية. كان حاكم آل خليفة هو أحمد بن محمد الذي أصبح يعرف باسم الفاتح. واجه خلفاؤه العديد من التحديات على مدى السنوات الخمسة والسبعين التالية إلا أنهم تمكنوا من الحفاظ على سيطرتهم للبحرين. خارجيا كانت الجزيرة تحت التهديدات المستمرة من عمان والسعوديين واستطاع كلاهما السيطرة عليها لفترات قصيرة. طالب الفرس والعثمانيين أيضا بضم البلاد. في عام 1820 وبعد ذلك في عام 1861 وقعت بريطانيا معاهدات السلام مع البحرين واعترفت بآل خليفة حكاما. (ar)
  • The History of Bahrain (1783–1971) covers the history of Bahrain since the invasion of Al Khalifa until the independence from the British Empire. Bahrain was a dependency of the Persian Empire when in 1783, the Bani Utbah tribe led by Al Khalifa invaded it from their base in Al Zubarah (British Protectorate of Qatar). The ruler of Al Khalifa was Ahmed bin Muhammad who became known as the conqueror. His successors faced many challenges over the next 75 years, yet they managed to keep Bahrain under their control. Externally, the island was under continuous threats from Oman and Wahhabis, both of which controlled it for short periods. Persians and Ottomans also made several claims over the country. In 1820 and later in 1861, Britain signed peace treaties with Bahrain and acknowledged Al Khali (en)
rdfs:label
  • تاريخ البحرين (1783-1971) (ar)
  • History of Bahrain (1783–1971) (en)
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  • Bahrain (en)
  • Bahrain and Its Dependencies (en)
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