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Feudalism in the Holy Roman Empire was a politico-economic system of relationships between liege lords and enfeoffed vassals (or feudatories) that formed the basis of the social structure within the Holy Roman Empire during the High Middle Ages. In Germany the system is variously referred to Lehnswesen, Feudalwesen or Benefizialwesen. The highest liege lord was the sovereign, the king or duke, who granted fiefs to his princes. In turn, they could award fiefs to other nobles, who wanted to be enfeoffed by them and who were often subordinate to the liege lord in the aristocratic hierarchy.

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  • Feudalism in the Holy Roman Empire was a politico-economic system of relationships between liege lords and enfeoffed vassals (or feudatories) that formed the basis of the social structure within the Holy Roman Empire during the High Middle Ages. In Germany the system is variously referred to Lehnswesen, Feudalwesen or Benefizialwesen. Feudalism in Europe emerged in the Early Middle Ages, based on Roman clientship and the Germanic social hierarchy of lords and retainers. It obliged the feudatory to render personal services to the lord. These included e.g. holding his stirrup, joining him on festive occasions and service as a cupbearer at the banquet table. Both pledged mutual loyalty: the lord to "shelter and protect", the vassal to "help and advise". Furthermore, feudal lord and vassal were bound to mutually respect one another, e.g. the lord could not, by law, beat his vassal, humiliate or lay hands on his wife or daughter. The highest liege lord was the sovereign, the king or duke, who granted fiefs to his princes. In turn, they could award fiefs to other nobles, who wanted to be enfeoffed by them and who were often subordinate to the liege lord in the aristocratic hierarchy. (en)
  • Il feudalesimo nel Sacro Romano Impero era un sistema politico-economico di relazioni tra signori e vassalli infeudati (o feudatari) che costituiva la base della struttura sociale del Sacro Romano Impero nel corso dell'alto medioevo e che si protrasse formalmente e con notevoli modifiche sostanzialmente sino al crollo dell'impero nel 1806, quando esso era ormai divenuto obsoleto. In Germania tale sistema viene indicato come Lehnswesen, Feudalwesen o Benefizialwesen. Il feudalesimo in Europa iniziò a manifestarsi come costume socio-politico nel primo medioevo, sulla base del sistema clientelare romano e la gerarchia sociale germanica di signori e sottoposti. Questo obbligava il feudatario a rendere un servizio personale al proprio signore. Entrambi si giuravano reciproca fedeltà: il signore aveva il compito di proteggere, mentre al vassallo spettava quello di aiutare e consigliare. Secondo la legge, inoltre, nessun vassallo poteva essere picchiato o umiliato in pubblico. Il più alto tra i signori feudali era il re, che garantiva i suoi feudi ai suoi sottoposti, i quali a loro volta potevano infeudarne parti ad altri nobili minori, andando così a costituire la gerarchia feudale. (it)
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  • Feudalism in the Holy Roman Empire was a politico-economic system of relationships between liege lords and enfeoffed vassals (or feudatories) that formed the basis of the social structure within the Holy Roman Empire during the High Middle Ages. In Germany the system is variously referred to Lehnswesen, Feudalwesen or Benefizialwesen. The highest liege lord was the sovereign, the king or duke, who granted fiefs to his princes. In turn, they could award fiefs to other nobles, who wanted to be enfeoffed by them and who were often subordinate to the liege lord in the aristocratic hierarchy. (en)
  • Il feudalesimo nel Sacro Romano Impero era un sistema politico-economico di relazioni tra signori e vassalli infeudati (o feudatari) che costituiva la base della struttura sociale del Sacro Romano Impero nel corso dell'alto medioevo e che si protrasse formalmente e con notevoli modifiche sostanzialmente sino al crollo dell'impero nel 1806, quando esso era ormai divenuto obsoleto. In Germania tale sistema viene indicato come Lehnswesen, Feudalwesen o Benefizialwesen. (it)
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  • Feudalism in the Holy Roman Empire (en)
  • Feudalesimo nel Sacro Romano Impero (it)
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