About: Life tenure

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A life tenure or service during good behaviour is a term of office that lasts for the office holder's lifetime, unless the office holder is removed from office for cause under misbehaving in office, extraordinary circumstances or decides personally to resign. In some cases, life tenure lasts only until a mandatory retirement age. For example, Canadian senators are appointed for life, but are forced to retire at 75. Likewise, many judges, including Justices of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom, have life tenure but must retire at 70.

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  • A life tenure or service during good behaviour is a term of office that lasts for the office holder's lifetime, unless the office holder is removed from office for cause under misbehaving in office, extraordinary circumstances or decides personally to resign. Some judges and members of upper chambers (e.g., senators for life) have life tenure. The primary goal of life tenure is to insulate the officeholder from external pressures. Certain heads of state, such as monarchs and presidents for life, are also given life tenure. United States federal judges have life tenure once appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate. In some cases, life tenure lasts only until a mandatory retirement age. For example, Canadian senators are appointed for life, but are forced to retire at 75. Likewise, many judges, including Justices of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom, have life tenure but must retire at 70. Life tenure also exists in various religious organizations. The Pope, as the Bishop of Rome and leader of the worldwide Catholic Church, has life tenure, but other Catholic bishops are required to submit their resignations at age 75. Senior professors at academic institutions may also be granted life tenure, which is intended to protect principles of academic freedom. (en)
  • 종신직(영어: an office for life, 중국어: 終身職)이란 임기의 제한을 없앤, 즉 평생 동안 정치를 할 수 있게 하는 정치 제도이다. 고대 로마의 종신독재관과 소비에트 연방의 이오시프 스탈린의 연방 서기장 등의 직책이 대표적인 종신직이었으며, 현재 우즈베키스탄, 벨라루스 등지에서 행해진다. 대부분의 나라에서는 독재 방지를 위해 이를 금지하고 있다. (ko)
  • A vitaliciedade é a condição que atribui a alguém ou algo o caráter permanente até a extinção de sua vida ou existência física. Na esfera pública, vitaliciedade é a garantia legal concedida a certos titulares de funções públicas, civis e militares de carreira, de permanecerem em seus cargos até atingirem a idade prevista para a aposentadoria compulsória, sendo vedado o afastamento ou demissão, à exceção de motivo estabelecido por lei ou por sentença judicial transitada em julgado. Alguns chefes de Estado, particularmente em ditaduras (ou nas monarquias) tomam posse do poder, a título pessoal, para toda a vida, conferindo caráter vitalício ao seu cargo administrativo. (pt)
  • 终身制(英語:life tenure)是指任职者自上台之日,除非任职者在特殊情况下因故被免职或任职者自行辞职,将担任此职位直到去世或达到退休年龄。 一些法官和上议院成员(例如终身参议员)拥有无限期任期。终身任职的主要目的是减少公职人员的外部压力。軍人也有終身職,如中華民國一級上將。某些国家元首(例如终身君主和終身總統)亦享有终身任期。美国联邦法官由总统任命并经参议院确认后终身任职。 部分情况下,得到终身任期的人仍须在达到强制退休年龄后离职。例如,加拿大参议员拥有无限任期,但须在75岁时退休。同样,许多法官(含英国最高法院法官)均享有终身任期,但须在70岁后退休。 终身制也存在于各种宗教组织中。教皇作为罗马的主教和世界天主教会的领袖,拥有终身任期,但其他天主教主教必须在75岁时请辞。 为保护学术自由,学术机构的高级教授也可能成为终身教授。 中华人民共和国的行政编制(即公务员)和事业单位在编人员(事业编制)也为终身制工作人员,在无违法犯罪的前提下不得随意开除解雇,但到达离退休年龄时仍需办理离退休手续,离开工作岗位。 (zh)
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  • 종신직(영어: an office for life, 중국어: 終身職)이란 임기의 제한을 없앤, 즉 평생 동안 정치를 할 수 있게 하는 정치 제도이다. 고대 로마의 종신독재관과 소비에트 연방의 이오시프 스탈린의 연방 서기장 등의 직책이 대표적인 종신직이었으며, 현재 우즈베키스탄, 벨라루스 등지에서 행해진다. 대부분의 나라에서는 독재 방지를 위해 이를 금지하고 있다. (ko)
  • 终身制(英語:life tenure)是指任职者自上台之日,除非任职者在特殊情况下因故被免职或任职者自行辞职,将担任此职位直到去世或达到退休年龄。 一些法官和上议院成员(例如终身参议员)拥有无限期任期。终身任职的主要目的是减少公职人员的外部压力。軍人也有終身職,如中華民國一級上將。某些国家元首(例如终身君主和終身總統)亦享有终身任期。美国联邦法官由总统任命并经参议院确认后终身任职。 部分情况下,得到终身任期的人仍须在达到强制退休年龄后离职。例如,加拿大参议员拥有无限任期,但须在75岁时退休。同样,许多法官(含英国最高法院法官)均享有终身任期,但须在70岁后退休。 终身制也存在于各种宗教组织中。教皇作为罗马的主教和世界天主教会的领袖,拥有终身任期,但其他天主教主教必须在75岁时请辞。 为保护学术自由,学术机构的高级教授也可能成为终身教授。 中华人民共和国的行政编制(即公务员)和事业单位在编人员(事业编制)也为终身制工作人员,在无违法犯罪的前提下不得随意开除解雇,但到达离退休年龄时仍需办理离退休手续,离开工作岗位。 (zh)
  • A life tenure or service during good behaviour is a term of office that lasts for the office holder's lifetime, unless the office holder is removed from office for cause under misbehaving in office, extraordinary circumstances or decides personally to resign. In some cases, life tenure lasts only until a mandatory retirement age. For example, Canadian senators are appointed for life, but are forced to retire at 75. Likewise, many judges, including Justices of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom, have life tenure but must retire at 70. (en)
  • A vitaliciedade é a condição que atribui a alguém ou algo o caráter permanente até a extinção de sua vida ou existência física. Na esfera pública, vitaliciedade é a garantia legal concedida a certos titulares de funções públicas, civis e militares de carreira, de permanecerem em seus cargos até atingirem a idade prevista para a aposentadoria compulsória, sendo vedado o afastamento ou demissão, à exceção de motivo estabelecido por lei ou por sentença judicial transitada em julgado. (pt)
rdfs:label
  • Life tenure (en)
  • 종신직 (ko)
  • Vitaliciedade (pt)
  • 终身制 (zh)
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