About: Epikleros

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An epikleros (ἐπίκληρος; plural epikleroi) was an heiress in ancient Athens and other ancient Greek city states, specifically a daughter of a man who had no sons. In Sparta, they were called patrouchoi (πατροῦχοι), as they were in Gortyn. Athenian women were not allowed to hold property in their own name; in order to keep her father's property in the family, an epikleros was required to marry her father's nearest male relative. Even if a woman was already married, evidence suggests that she was required to divorce her spouse to marry that relative. Spartan women were allowed to hold property in their own right, and so Spartan heiresses were subject to less restrictive rules. Evidence from other city-states is more fragmentary, mainly coming from the city-states of Gortyn and Rhegium.

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  • Eine Epikleros (altgriechisch ἐπίκληρος epíklēros ‚Erbtochter‘; Plural ἐπίκληροι epíklēroi) ist die Tochter eines Manns, der ohne männlichen Erben starb; sie wurde nicht Erbin, aber der Nachlass ging mit ihr auf ihren Ehegatten über. (de)
  • Ο Επίκληρος ήταν θεσμός του Αττικού Δικαίου, εισηγητής του οποίου ήταν ο Σόλων αλλά και άλλων πόλεων των κλασικών χρόνων στην αρχαία Ελλάδα. Η θυγατέρα που δεν είχε άρρενες αδελφούς και κληρονομούσε τον πατέρα της, υποχρεούνταν να παντρευτεί τον στενότερο συγγενή από την πατρική πλευρά. Η περιουσία δεν περιερχόταν στο σύζυγο, αλλά την κληρονομούσε το αρσενικό παιδί του ζεύγους. Στην Σπάρτη, ακόμη κι αν η μοναχοκόρη ήταν παντρεμένη, όταν πέθαινε ο πατέρας της χωρίς αρσενικά παιδιά, χώριζε τον άντρα της για να πάρει τον πλησιέστερο συγγενή. Είναι γνωστές πολλές αρχαίες κωμωδίες, με θέμα τους γάμους στην Αθήνα «» μεταξύ πλούσιων κοριτσιών και ηλικιωμένων συγγενών τους. (el)
  • An epikleros (ἐπίκληρος; plural epikleroi) was an heiress in ancient Athens and other ancient Greek city states, specifically a daughter of a man who had no sons. In Sparta, they were called patrouchoi (πατροῦχοι), as they were in Gortyn. Athenian women were not allowed to hold property in their own name; in order to keep her father's property in the family, an epikleros was required to marry her father's nearest male relative. Even if a woman was already married, evidence suggests that she was required to divorce her spouse to marry that relative. Spartan women were allowed to hold property in their own right, and so Spartan heiresses were subject to less restrictive rules. Evidence from other city-states is more fragmentary, mainly coming from the city-states of Gortyn and Rhegium. Plato wrote about epikleroi in his Laws, offering idealized laws to govern their marriages. In mythology and history, a number of Greek women appear to have been epikleroi, including Agariste of Sicyon and Agiatis, the widow of the Spartan king Agis IV. The status of epikleroi has often been used to explain the numbers of sons-in-law who inherited from their fathers-in-law in Greek mythology. The Third Sacred War originated in a dispute over epikleroi. (en)
  • Epíclera (ἐπίκληρος) (epíkleros, plural epikleroi) era el término utilizado en la antigua Atenas, y en otras ciudades-Estado griegas, para referirse a la heredera de un padre que, en el momento de su muerte, no dejaba herederos varones. En Esparta y Gortina eran denominadas patrouchoi (πατρούχοι). Las mujeres atenienses no tenían permitida la posesión de propiedades en su nombre, lo que derivaba en varias posibilidades con respecto a la herencia de una epíclera: si estaba casada y tenía al menos un hijo varón, el marido debía actuar como administrador del patrimonio del suegro hasta que el hijo tuviese edad suficiente para manejar la herencia; si era soltera, debía casarse con el familiar más cercano a su padre, con el fin de dar a luz al heredero. Este familiar no estaba obligado a aceptar el matrimonio y, en previsión tanto de este caso como del de la existencia de múltiples candidatos, existía una secuencia previamente definida para la elección del futuro esposo. Por último, si la epíclera estaba casada pero no tenía hijos varones, la evidencia sugiere que podía serle requerido el divorcio si el marido no cumplía con ciertas obligaciones. En todos los casos el patrimonio era propiedad del hijo y a él se adjudicaba; el padre del niño, ya fuese ajeno a la familia o familiar, debía actuar como simple administrador temporal, y la epíclera, como mera transmisora de la herencia paterna.​ Las espartanas, a diferencia de las atenienses, sí tenían derecho a la posesión de propiedades en su nombre, por lo que la herencia en Esparta estuvo sujeta a reglas mucho menos restrictivas. El conocimiento de lo que sucedía en otras ciudades-estado es más fragmentario, y se deriva principalmente de las polis de Gortina y Regio de Calabria. Platón, en sus Leyes, trató este caso, y un gran número de mujeres mitológicas e históricas parecen haberse encontrado en dicha situación. Fueron epícleras, entre otras, Agarista de Sición y Agiatis, viuda del rey espartano Agis IV. La existencia de epícleras ha sido usada para explicar la cantidad de yernos que heredaron directamente de sus suegros en la mitología griega. Por su parte, la Tercera Guerra Sagrada se originó, en parte, por una disputa sobre epícleras. (es)
  • Una epikleros (in greco antico: ἐπίκληρος; plurale epikleroi) era un'ereditiera nell'antica Atene e in diverse città-stato dell'antica Grecia, e in particolare la figlia di un uomo che non aveva eredi maschi. A Sparta, era chiamata patrouchoi (in greco antico: πατροῦχοι), così come a Gortina. Alle donne ateniesi non era consentito detenere proprietà; così, al fine di mantenere in famiglia le proprietà del padre, una epikleros doveva sposare il parente maschio più prossimo di suo padre. Anche se una donna era già sposata, l'evidenza delle fonti suggerisce che doveva divorziare dal coniuge per sposare il parente. Le donne spartane erano invece autorizzate a possedere beni immobili e così le ereditiere spartane erano soggette a regole meno restrittive. Le fonti relative ad altre città-stato sono più frammentarie, provenienti soprattutto dalle città-stato di Gortina e Regium. Platone scrisse sulle epikleroi nelle sue Leggi, offrendo leggi idealizzate per governare i loro matrimoni. Nella mitologia e nella storia, un certo numero di donne greche sembrano essere state epikleroi, e tra queste Agariste di Sicione e Agiatis, la vedova del re spartano Agide IV. Lo status di epikleroi era stato spesso usato per spiegare il numero di figliastri che avevano ereditato dai loro patrigni nella mitologia greca. La terza guerra sacra ebbe origine da una disputa su epikleroi. (it)
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  • Eine Epikleros (altgriechisch ἐπίκληρος epíklēros ‚Erbtochter‘; Plural ἐπίκληροι epíklēroi) ist die Tochter eines Manns, der ohne männlichen Erben starb; sie wurde nicht Erbin, aber der Nachlass ging mit ihr auf ihren Ehegatten über. (de)
  • Ο Επίκληρος ήταν θεσμός του Αττικού Δικαίου, εισηγητής του οποίου ήταν ο Σόλων αλλά και άλλων πόλεων των κλασικών χρόνων στην αρχαία Ελλάδα. Η θυγατέρα που δεν είχε άρρενες αδελφούς και κληρονομούσε τον πατέρα της, υποχρεούνταν να παντρευτεί τον στενότερο συγγενή από την πατρική πλευρά. Η περιουσία δεν περιερχόταν στο σύζυγο, αλλά την κληρονομούσε το αρσενικό παιδί του ζεύγους. Στην Σπάρτη, ακόμη κι αν η μοναχοκόρη ήταν παντρεμένη, όταν πέθαινε ο πατέρας της χωρίς αρσενικά παιδιά, χώριζε τον άντρα της για να πάρει τον πλησιέστερο συγγενή. Είναι γνωστές πολλές αρχαίες κωμωδίες, με θέμα τους γάμους στην Αθήνα «» μεταξύ πλούσιων κοριτσιών και ηλικιωμένων συγγενών τους. (el)
  • An epikleros (ἐπίκληρος; plural epikleroi) was an heiress in ancient Athens and other ancient Greek city states, specifically a daughter of a man who had no sons. In Sparta, they were called patrouchoi (πατροῦχοι), as they were in Gortyn. Athenian women were not allowed to hold property in their own name; in order to keep her father's property in the family, an epikleros was required to marry her father's nearest male relative. Even if a woman was already married, evidence suggests that she was required to divorce her spouse to marry that relative. Spartan women were allowed to hold property in their own right, and so Spartan heiresses were subject to less restrictive rules. Evidence from other city-states is more fragmentary, mainly coming from the city-states of Gortyn and Rhegium. (en)
  • Epíclera (ἐπίκληρος) (epíkleros, plural epikleroi) era el término utilizado en la antigua Atenas, y en otras ciudades-Estado griegas, para referirse a la heredera de un padre que, en el momento de su muerte, no dejaba herederos varones. En Esparta y Gortina eran denominadas patrouchoi (πατρούχοι). (es)
  • Una epikleros (in greco antico: ἐπίκληρος; plurale epikleroi) era un'ereditiera nell'antica Atene e in diverse città-stato dell'antica Grecia, e in particolare la figlia di un uomo che non aveva eredi maschi. A Sparta, era chiamata patrouchoi (in greco antico: πατροῦχοι), così come a Gortina. (it)
rdfs:label
  • Epikleros (de)
  • Επίκληρος (el)
  • Epíclera (es)
  • Epikleros (en)
  • Epikleros (it)
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