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- Modern banking in India originated in the mid of 18th century. Among the first banks were the Bank of Hindustan, which was established in 1770 and liquidated in 1829–32; and the General Bank of India, established in 1786 but failed in 1791. The largest and the oldest bank which is still in existence is the State Bank of India (SBI). It originated and started working as the Bank of Calcutta in mid-June 1806. In 1809, it was renamed as the Bank of Bengal. This was one of the three banks founded by a presidency government, the other two were the Bank of Bombay in 1840 and the Bank of Madras in 1843. The three banks were merged in 1921 to form the Imperial Bank of India, which upon India's independence, became the State Bank of India in 1955. For many years, the presidency banks had acted as quasi-central banks, as did their successors, until the Reserve Bank of India was established in 1935, under the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934. In 1960, the State Banks of India was given control of eight state-associated banks under the State Bank of India (Subsidiary Banks) Act, 1959. However the merger of these associated banks with SBI went into effect on 1 April 2017. In 1969, the Government of India nationalised 14 major private banks; one of the big banks was Bank of India. In 1980, 6 more private banks were nationalised. These nationalised banks are the majority of lenders in the Indian economy. They dominate the banking sector because of their large size and widespread networks. The Indian banking sector is broadly classified into scheduled and non-scheduled banks. The scheduled banks are those included under the 2nd Schedule of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934. The scheduled banks are further classified into: nationalised banks; State Bank of India and its associates; Regional Rural Banks (RRBs); foreign banks; and other Indian private sector banks. The SBI has merged its Associate banks into itself to create the largest Bank in India on 1 April 2017. With this merger SBI has a global ranking of 236 on Fortune 500 index. The term commercial banks refers to both scheduled and non-scheduled commercial banks regulated under the Banking Regulation Act, 1949. Generally the supply, product range and reach of banking in India is fairly mature-even though reach in rural India and to the poor still remains a challenge. The government has developed initiatives to address this through the State Bank of India expanding its branch network and through the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) with facilities like microfinance. (en)
- Bankväsendet i Indien är av gammalt datum. I den urgamla Manus lagbok finns regler för inlåning av pengar och för tagande och givande av ränta. Det moderna bankväsendet grundades dock av Brittiska Ostindiska Kompaniet. Det första bankaktiebolaget, , grundades 1786. Sedan grundades genom Kompaniets försorg även , som överlevde som bank ända till 1906, och . Kompaniet självt grundade in 1809, sedan den första bengaliska banken gått omkull, och 1840 följt av 1843. 1920 genomfördes en fusion av de tre sistnämnda bankerna, och bildades. Genom ny lagstiftning i det självständiga Indien förstatligades Imperial Bank tillsammans med en rad andra banker. 1969 genomfördes ytterligare en våg av nationaliseringar av banker, då 14 större banker exproprierades av indiska regeringen. Den sista vågen av nationaliseringar kom 1980 då 6 banker togs över. Ett antal privata banker har dock överlevt den socialistiska politik som fördes under Kongresspartiets period av hegemoni, och ytterligare andra har under tiden grundats. Dessutom finns olika former av kooperativa banker och kreditinrättningar. Fortfarande är indiska staten dominerande inom banksektorn. (sv)
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- Modern banking in India originated in the mid of 18th century. Among the first banks were the Bank of Hindustan, which was established in 1770 and liquidated in 1829–32; and the General Bank of India, established in 1786 but failed in 1791. (en)
- Bankväsendet i Indien är av gammalt datum. I den urgamla Manus lagbok finns regler för inlåning av pengar och för tagande och givande av ränta. Det moderna bankväsendet grundades dock av Brittiska Ostindiska Kompaniet. Det första bankaktiebolaget, , grundades 1786. Sedan grundades genom Kompaniets försorg även , som överlevde som bank ända till 1906, och . (sv)
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