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- Aeromedical evacuation (AE) usually refers to the use of military transport aircraft to carry wounded personnel. The first recorded British ambulance flight took place in 1917 in the Sinai peninsula some 30 miles south of El Arish when a Royal Aircraft Factory B.E.2c flew out a soldier in the Imperial Camel Corps who had been shot in the ankle during the raid on Bir el Hassana. The flight took 45 minutes; the same journey by land would have taken some 3 days. In the 1920s several aeromedical services, both official and unofficial, started up in various parts of the world. Aircraft were still primitive at the time, with limited capabilities, and the efforts received mixed reviews. Development of the idea continued. France and the United Kingdom used fully organized aeromedical evacuation services during the African and Middle Eastern colonial wars of the 1920s. In 1920, the British, while suppressing the "Mad Mullah" in Somaliland, used an Airco DH.9A fitted out as an air ambulance. It carried a single stretcher under a fairing behind the pilot. The French evacuated over 7,000 casualties during that period. By 1936, an organized military air ambulance service evacuated wounded from the Spanish Civil War for medical treatment in Nazi Germany. The first use of medevac with helicopters was the evacuation of three British pilot combat casualties by a US Army Sikorsky in Burma during WW2, and the first dedicated use of helicopters by U.S. forces occurred during the Korean War, between 1950 and 1953. (en)
- L’aviation sanitaire représente une étape dans l’histoire de la médecine et plus particulièrement dans l'histoire de la médecine aéronautique. Au cours des guerres, la rapidité de l'évacuation des blessés pour leur appliquer un traitement précoce a toujours été considérée comme un facteur déterminant de leur survie. La maîtrise de la troisième dimension a ouvert de nouvelles possibilités. C’est ainsi que l’aviation sanitaire est née et s’est développée au cours des guerres du XXe siècle, bénéficiant à la fois de l’amélioration des performances des aéronefs et des progrès de la médecine hospitalière. Le savoir-faire acquis sur les champs de bataille a été mis ensuite au service de l’ensemble de la population civile et militaire. (fr)
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