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Statements

Subject Item
dbr:Endemism_in_the_Hawaiian_Islands
rdfs:label
Endemism in the Hawaiian Islands
rdfs:comment
Located about 2300 miles (3680 km) from the nearest continental shore, the Hawaiian Islands are the most isolated group of islands on the planet. The plant and animal life of the Hawaiian archipelago is the result of early, very infrequent colonizations of arriving species and the slow evolution of those species—in isolation from the rest of the world's flora and fauna—over a period of at least 5 million years. As a consequence, Hawai'i is home to a large number of endemic species. The radiation of species described by Charles Darwin in the Galapagos Islands which was critical to the formulation of his theory of evolution is far exceeded in the more isolated Hawaiian Islands.
dcterms:subject
dbc:Endemism dbc:Natural_history_of_Hawaii dbc:Endemic_flora_of_Hawaii dbc:Insular_ecology dbc:Endemic_fauna_of_Hawaii
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dbr:Dubautia_waialealae dbr:Hawaiian_goose dbr:Lehua_mamo dbr:Dubautia_microcephala dbr:Lehua_papa dbr:Dubautia_pauciflorula dbr:Dubautia_plantaginea dbr:Dubautia_reticulata dbr:Laysan_rail dbr:Cave dbr:Dubautia_imbricata dbr:Dubautia_kalalauensis dbr:Dubautia_kenwoodii dbr:Emperor_Seamounts dbr:Dubautia_latifolia dbr:Laysan_honeycreeper dbr:Lanaʻi_hookbill dbr:Molokaʻi_cauliflower_coral dbr:Perdicella dbr:Māmane dbr:Black_noddy dbr:Sandwich_Island_sleeper dbr:Canoe_plants dbr:Olomaʻo dbr:Peperomia_cookiana dbr:Synemporion_keana dbr:Acacia_koaia dbr:Alula_(plant) dbr:Peripatric_speciation dbr:Astelia_waialealae dbc:Endemism dbr:Flagtail dbr:Astelia_menziesiana dbr:Cyanea_platyphylla dbr:Molokai_creeper dbr:Erinna_(gastropod) dbr:Small_knob_leather_coral dbr:Maui_parrotbill dbr:ʻŌmaʻo dbr:Newcombia dbr:Kauaʻi_ʻamakihi dbr:Anoectochilus_sandvicensis dbr:Cyanea_superba dbr:Cyanea_truncata dbr:Grand_black_coral dbr:Endemic_birds_of_Hawaii dbr:Galapagos_Islands dbr:Newell's_shearwater dbr:Hawaiian_Islands dbr:Taro dbr:Serpentine_cup_coral dbr:Wilkesia_gymnoxiphium dbr:List_of_extinct_animals_of_the_Hawaiian_Islands dbr:ʻAmaui dbr:Eagle dbr:List_of_Hawaii_birds dbr:Hawaii_akepa dbr:Lobelia_niihauensis dbr:Hygrocybe dbr:Adaptive_radiation dbr:Lobelia_oahuensis dbc:Endemic_flora_of_Hawaii dbr:Happy_face_spider dbr:Environment_of_Hawaii dbr:Oʻopu_naniha dbr:Common_ʻamakihi dbr:Greater_ʻamakihi dbr:Pua_ʻala dbr:Puaiohi dbr:Rubus_macraei dbr:Atyoida_bisulcata dbr:Na'u dbr:Oʻahu_ʻōʻō dbr:Cyanea_konahuanuiensis dbr:Cheirodendron_trigynum dbr:Peristylus_holochila dbr:Evolution dbr:Aleutian_Islands dbr:Wilkesia_hobdyi dbr:Sandpaper_rice_coral dbc:Natural_history_of_Hawaii dbr:Oʻahu_ʻalauahio dbr:Isostasy dbr:Ariamnes_makue dbr:Oʻahu_ʻamakihi dbr:Halocaridina dbr:Verril's_lump_coral dbr:Pueo dbr:Species dbr:Moa-nalo dbr:Hawaiian_petrel dbr:Kamehameha_butterfly dbr:Hawaiian_monk_seal dbr:Darwin_point dbr:Kure_Atoll dbr:Atoll dbr:Hawaiian_hibiscus dbr:Hawaiian_hoary_bat dbr:Brigham's_coral dbr:Midway_Atoll dbr:List_of_fishes_of_the_Coral_Sea dbr:Oopu_alamoo dbr:Liparis_hawaiensis dbr:Hawaiian_stilt dbr:Kioea dbr:Endemic_(ecology) dbr:Hawaiian_rail dbr:Clermontia_pyrularia dbr:Maui_ʻalauahio dbr:Hylaeus_longiceps dbr:Neritina_granosa dbr:Nysius_wekiuicola dbr:Mycena_marasmielloides dbr:Gulickia_alexandri dbr:Porites_compressa dbr:Loulu dbr:Dracaena_halemanuensis dbr:Iiwi dbr:Mestolobes dbr:Laysan_finch dbr:Breadfruit dbr:Hawaiian_hawk dbr:Kauaʻi_oʻo dbr:Laysan_duck dbr:Hawaiian_gallinule dbr:Bicolor_gorgonian dbr:Ethnic_groups_in_Europe dbr:Hyposmocoma dbr:Poʻouli dbr:Hawaiian_coot dbr:Hawaiian_crow dbr:Oahu_ʻakialoa dbr:Polynesians dbr:Hawaiian_duck dbr:Auriculella dbr:Greater_koa_finch dbr:ʻŌʻū dbr:List_of_animal_species_introduced_to_the_Hawaiian_Islands dbr:Lava_tube dbr:Blue_rice_coral dbc:Insular_ecology dbr:Nihoa_(spider) dbr:Nihoa_finch dbr:Lanaʻi_ʻalauahio dbr:Hyposmocoma_molluscivora dbr:Stimpson's_goby dbr:List_of_fish_of_Hawaii dbr:Argyroxiphium_virescens dbr:Awaous_stamineus dbr:Udara_blackburnii dbr:Dracaena_rockii dbr:Molokaʻi_ʻōʻō dbr:Millerbird dbr:Astelia_argyrocoma dbr:Thick_finger_coral dbr:Owl dbr:List_of_invasive_plant_species_in_Hawaii dbr:Kauai_nukupuʻu dbr:Kāmaʻo dbr:Orthomecyna dbr:Maui_nukupuʻu dbr:Kauai_elepaio dbr:Paralopostega dbr:Irregular_rice_coral dbr:Rhodocollybia_laulaha dbr:Kauaʻi_cave_wolf_spider dbr:Maui_Nui_ʻakialoa dbr:Orsonwelles dbr:Kauaʻi_ʻakialoa dbr:Palila dbr:ʻUla-ʻai-hawane dbr:Hawaiʻi_ʻōʻō dbc:Endemic_fauna_of_Hawaii dbr:Drosophila_sharpi dbr:Scotorythra dbr:Hawaiʻi_ʻakialoa dbr:Oahu_elepaio dbr:Argyroxiphium_kauense dbr:Hawaiʻi_creeper dbr:Argyroxiphium_sandwicense dbr:Vesper_bat dbr:Hawaiʻi_mamo dbr:Lesser_koa_finch dbr:Dracaena_halapepe dbr:Argyroxiphium_caliginis dbr:Oahu_akepa dbr:Argyroxiphium_grayanum dbr:Dracaena_konaensis dbr:ʻŌhiʻa_lehua dbr:Kanawao dbr:Macrobrachium_grandimanus dbr:Dracaena_fernaldii dbr:Dracaena_forbesii dbr:Dracaena_aurea dbr:Thaumatogryllus dbr:Anadromous dbr:Kona_grosbeak dbr:Oahu_tree_snail dbr:Trade_wind dbr:Kuhlia_xenura dbr:Dubautia_arborea dbr:ʻAkiapolaʻau dbr:Hawaii_elepaio dbr:Dubautia_herbstobatae dbr:K–Ar_dating dbr:Oahu_nukupuʻu dbr:ʻAkikiki dbr:Black_mamo dbr:ʻAkohekohe dbr:Lapalapa dbr:Rubus_hawaiensis dbr:ʻAkekeʻe dbr:Maui_akepa dbr:Hawaiian_lobelioids dbr:Charles_Darwin dbr:ʻAnianiau dbr:Corvus_(genus) dbr:ʻApapane dbr:Dubautia_syndetica
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dbo:abstract
Located about 2300 miles (3680 km) from the nearest continental shore, the Hawaiian Islands are the most isolated group of islands on the planet. The plant and animal life of the Hawaiian archipelago is the result of early, very infrequent colonizations of arriving species and the slow evolution of those species—in isolation from the rest of the world's flora and fauna—over a period of at least 5 million years. As a consequence, Hawai'i is home to a large number of endemic species. The radiation of species described by Charles Darwin in the Galapagos Islands which was critical to the formulation of his theory of evolution is far exceeded in the more isolated Hawaiian Islands. The relatively short time that the existing main islands of the archipelago have been above the surface of the ocean (less than 10 million years) is only a fraction of time span over which biological colonization and evolution have occurred in the archipelago. High, volcanic islands have existed in the Pacific far longer, extending in a chain to the northwest; these once mountainous islands are now reduced to submerged banks and coral atolls. Midway Atoll, for example, formed as a volcanic island some 28 million years ago. Kure Atoll, a little further to the northwest, is near the Darwin point—defined as waters of a temperature that allows coral reef development to just keep up with isostatic sinking. And extending back in time before Kure, an even older chain of islands spreads northward nearly to the Aleutian Islands; these former islands, all north of the Darwin point, are now completely submerged as the Emperor Seamounts. The islands are well known for the environmental diversity that occurs on high mountains within a trade winds field. On a single island, the climate can differ around the coast from dry tropical (< 20 in or 500 mm annual rainfall) to wet tropical; and up the slopes from tropical rainforest (> 200 in or 5000 mm per year) through a temperate climate into alpine conditions of cold and dry climate. The rainy climate impacts soil development, which largely determines ground permeability, which affects the distribution of streams, wetlands, and wet places. The distance and remoteness of the Hawaiian archipelago is a biological filter. Seeds or spores attached to a lost migrating bird's feather or an insect falling out of the high winds found a place to survive in the islands and whatever else was needed to reproduce. The narrowing of the gene pool meant that at the very beginning, the population of a colonizing species was a bit different from that of the remote contributing population.
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