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A fixed-price contract is a type of contract such that the payment amount does not depend on resources used or time expended by the contractor. This is opposed to a cost-plus contract, which is intended to cover the costs incurred by the contractor plus an additional amount for profit. Such a scheme is often used by military and government contractors to require vendors to incur the risk of cost overruns, and to control costs. However, historically when such contracts are used for innovative new projects with untested or undeveloped technologies (such as new military transports or stealth attack airplanes), it often results in failure if costs greatly exceed the ability of the contractor to absorb unexpected cost overruns.

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  • Fixed-price contract (en)
  • 固定価格契約 (ja)
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  • 固定価格契約 (英: Fixed-price contract)、または定額契約は、支払額が使用されたリソースや時間に依存しない種類の契約である。これは、追加の利益でコストをカバーする原価加算契約とは対照的である。固定価格契約は請負業者側にリスクを負わせる方式で、コスト管理のために軍や政府がよく使用する。しかし、過去の事例を見ると、新しい軍用輸送機やステルス攻撃機など、新技術を使用する革新的な新しいプロジェクトに固定価格契約を適用する場合、予期しないコスト超過が発生した場合に、それを吸収する請負業者の能力を大幅に超えると、破綻する可能性がある。 固定価格契約では、売り手が価格を決定するための事前準備に時間がかかる場合がある。固定価格の商品は買い手側には買いやすい。また、商品を一括購入する交渉では、セット価格が設定され購入の時間が短縮される。また、固定価格は、保険の見積もりなど、在庫全体の価値を見積もるのに役立つ。 固定金額契約は、コストが事前に不明なプロジェクトに適用すると失敗するが、一方、コストが事前によく分かっている場合にはうまく行くことが多く、引き続きよく使われている。 (ja)
  • A fixed-price contract is a type of contract such that the payment amount does not depend on resources used or time expended by the contractor. This is opposed to a cost-plus contract, which is intended to cover the costs incurred by the contractor plus an additional amount for profit. Such a scheme is often used by military and government contractors to require vendors to incur the risk of cost overruns, and to control costs. However, historically when such contracts are used for innovative new projects with untested or undeveloped technologies (such as new military transports or stealth attack airplanes), it often results in failure if costs greatly exceed the ability of the contractor to absorb unexpected cost overruns. (en)
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  • A fixed-price contract is a type of contract such that the payment amount does not depend on resources used or time expended by the contractor. This is opposed to a cost-plus contract, which is intended to cover the costs incurred by the contractor plus an additional amount for profit. Such a scheme is often used by military and government contractors to require vendors to incur the risk of cost overruns, and to control costs. However, historically when such contracts are used for innovative new projects with untested or undeveloped technologies (such as new military transports or stealth attack airplanes), it often results in failure if costs greatly exceed the ability of the contractor to absorb unexpected cost overruns. Fixed prices can require more time, in advance, for sellers to determine the price of each item. However, the fixed-price items can each be purchased faster, but bargaining could set the price for an entire set of items being purchased, reducing the time for bulk purchases. Also, fixed-price items can help in pre-determining the value of an inventory, such as for insurance estimates. Such contracts continue to be popular despite a history of failed or troubled projects, although they tend to work when costs are well known in advance. Some laws mandate a preference for fixed-price contracts, however, many people maintain that such contracts are actually the most expensive, especially when the risks or costs are unknown in advance. (en)
  • 固定価格契約 (英: Fixed-price contract)、または定額契約は、支払額が使用されたリソースや時間に依存しない種類の契約である。これは、追加の利益でコストをカバーする原価加算契約とは対照的である。固定価格契約は請負業者側にリスクを負わせる方式で、コスト管理のために軍や政府がよく使用する。しかし、過去の事例を見ると、新しい軍用輸送機やステルス攻撃機など、新技術を使用する革新的な新しいプロジェクトに固定価格契約を適用する場合、予期しないコスト超過が発生した場合に、それを吸収する請負業者の能力を大幅に超えると、破綻する可能性がある。 固定価格契約では、売り手が価格を決定するための事前準備に時間がかかる場合がある。固定価格の商品は買い手側には買いやすい。また、商品を一括購入する交渉では、セット価格が設定され購入の時間が短縮される。また、固定価格は、保険の見積もりなど、在庫全体の価値を見積もるのに役立つ。 固定金額契約は、コストが事前に不明なプロジェクトに適用すると失敗するが、一方、コストが事前によく分かっている場合にはうまく行くことが多く、引き続きよく使われている。 (ja)
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