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Statements

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dbr:Peace_(law)
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Königsfrieden (Rechtsgeschichte) Peace (law)
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Der Königsfrieden, auch Königsbann, schützte im Mittelalter Leib, Leben und Habe von Untertanen kraft besonderer königlicher Banngewalt (Strafgewalt). Der Schutz wurde von den Begünstigten durch Abgaben erkauft und bei Verletzung durch Bußgelder geahndet. Anders als im englischen Parlamentarismus, wo der Friedensbann des Monarchen in die Trägerschaft des Parlaments verlagert wurde, hat sich in Deutschland keine Asylfunktion des Parlamentsgebäudes für Straftäter, säumige Schuldner oder sonst von staatlichen Zwangsmaßnahmen bedrohte Individuen entwickelt. The legal term peace, sometimes king's peace (Latin pax regis) or queen's peace, is the common-law concept of the maintenance of public order. The concept of the king's peace originated in Anglo-Saxon law, where it initially applied the special protections accorded to the households of the English kings and their retainers. A breach of the king's peace, which could be either a crime or a tort, was a serious matter. The concept of the king's peace expanded in the 10th and 11th centuries to accord the king's protection to particular times (such as holidays), places (such as highways and churches), and individuals (such as legates). By the time of the Norman Conquest, the notion of the king's peace became more general, referring to the safeguarding of public order more broadly. In subsequent
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The legal term peace, sometimes king's peace (Latin pax regis) or queen's peace, is the common-law concept of the maintenance of public order. The concept of the king's peace originated in Anglo-Saxon law, where it initially applied the special protections accorded to the households of the English kings and their retainers. A breach of the king's peace, which could be either a crime or a tort, was a serious matter. The concept of the king's peace expanded in the 10th and 11th centuries to accord the king's protection to particular times (such as holidays), places (such as highways and churches), and individuals (such as legates). By the time of the Norman Conquest, the notion of the king's peace became more general, referring to the safeguarding of public order more broadly. In subsequent centuries, those responsible for enforcing the king's peace (besides the king himself) included the King's Bench and various local officials, including the sheriff, coroner, justice of the peace, and constable. In modern Britain, the police services are responsible for keeping the peace, a duty distinct from their duty of law enforcement. The concept has remained relevant in English law; in R v Secretary of State for the Home Department, ex parte Northumbria Police Authority (1989), the Court of Appeal for England and Wales held that the government could exercise prerogative powers to maintain the peace of the realm. Der Königsfrieden, auch Königsbann, schützte im Mittelalter Leib, Leben und Habe von Untertanen kraft besonderer königlicher Banngewalt (Strafgewalt). Der Schutz wurde von den Begünstigten durch Abgaben erkauft und bei Verletzung durch Bußgelder geahndet. Ursprünglich erstreckte sich der Königsfrieden lediglich auf tatsächliche Besitzungen des Königs, beispielsweise Gutshöfe des Kronguts, und auf Einrichtungen, die mit fiskalischen Hoheitsrechten (Regalien) verbunden waren (Straßen, Brücken). Im weiteren Sinne konnten auch Märkte (pax forensis) oder ganze Ansiedlungen unter den Königsfrieden fallen, was im Regelfall mit Zahlungen oder Lehnseiden verbunden war und die Unabhängigkeit von lokalen Fürsten zur Folge hatte. Ähnlich verhielt es sich mit ganzen Bevölkerungsgruppen, beispielsweise mit den Juden, die dem Judenregal des Königs unterstanden. Das Friedensgebot gegenüber Reisenden und Händlern ging im Spätmittelalter als Geleitrecht auf die Landesfürsten über. Anders als im englischen Parlamentarismus, wo der Friedensbann des Monarchen in die Trägerschaft des Parlaments verlagert wurde, hat sich in Deutschland keine Asylfunktion des Parlamentsgebäudes für Straftäter, säumige Schuldner oder sonst von staatlichen Zwangsmaßnahmen bedrohte Individuen entwickelt.
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