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Khmer Loeu Гірські кхмери Горные кхмеры Khmer Loeu Khmer Loeu 高地高棉人

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Горные кхме́ры (горные мо́ны) — условное название малых Индокитая, принятое в советской и российской этнографии. Живут в горных районах Юго-Западного Китая (Юньнань), западного Вьетнама, Лаоса, Восточной Мьянмы, северного и восточного Таиланда, северо-восточной Камбоджи (провинции Ратанакири, Стынгтраенг, Мондолькири). Общая численность в Мьянме — более 1,8 млн чел., Лаосе — около 1,6 млн чел., Вьетнаме — около 1,3 млн чел., Китае — более 700 тыс., Таиланде — около 600 тыс., Камбодже — более 150 тыс. (2008, оценка). Khmer Loeu (Bahasa Khmer: ខ្មែរលើ, pengucapan Khmer: , "Khmer dataran tinggi") adalah nama bersama yang diberikan kepada berbagai kelompok etnis asli yang berada di dataran tinggi Kamboja. Khmer Loeu ditemukan terutama di timur laut Provinsi Ratanakiri, Stung Treng, dan Mondulkiri. Sebagian besar kelompok dataran tinggi ini merupakan suku Mon–Khmer dan berhubungan jauh, satu sama lainnya, dengan Khmer. Dua kelompok Khmer Loeu merupakan suku Chamik, cabang dari suku bangsa Austronesia, dan memiliki latar belakang budaya dan bahasa yang berbeda. Suku-suku yang menuturkan Mon–Khmer merupakan penduduk asli daratan Asia Tenggara, nenek moyang suku-suku ini telah menyebar ke daerah ini dari barat laut selama zaman logam prasejarah. Kelompok yang menuturkan Austronesia, dan Jarai, merupakan ketu Гірські́ кхме́ри — група мон-кхмерських народів у гірських районах на заході В'єтнаму, півдні Лаосу, півночі Камбоджі та сході Таїланду. Вважаються корінним населенням цього регіону. Проживаючи в гірських районах, змогли уникнути асиміляції з боку великим сусідніх рівнинних народів: кхмерів, в'єтнамців, лаосців, тямів. Умовно об'єднуються за лінгвістичною ознакою та спільними рисами в господарстві, культурі та побуті. Le nom Khmer Chuncheat Daerm Pheaktech ជនជាតិដើមភាគតិច ou Khmer Loeu désigne l'ensemble des populations (moins de 200 000 individus) habitant les hauts plateaux du nord-est du Cambodge. Bouddhistes (Theravāda) ou animistes, ils habitent principalement les provinces de Rotanah Kiri, Stoeng Treng et Mondol Kiri. The Khmer Loeu (Khmer: ជនជាតិខ្មែរលើ [cunciət kʰmae ləː]; "upper Khmers") is the collective name given to the various indigenous ethnic groups residing in the highlands of Cambodia. The Khmer Loeu are found mainly in the northeastern provinces of Ratanakiri, Stung Treng, and Mondulkiri. Most of the highland groups are Mon-Khmer peoples and are distantly related, to one degree or another, to the Khmer. Two of the Khmer Loeu groups are Chamic peoples, a branch of the Austronesian peoples, and have a very different linguistic and cultural background. The Mon–Khmer-speaking tribes are the aboriginal inhabitants of mainland Southeast Asia, their ancestors having trickled into the area from the northwest during the prehistoric metal ages. The Austronesian-speaking groups, Rade and Jarai, are de 高地高棉人（高棉語：ខ្មែរលើ，Khmer Loeu，高棉语发音：[kʰmae ləː]）是對居住在柬埔寨的高原地區的一系列原住民族的統稱。高地高棉人主要居住在東北部的臘塔納基里省、上丁省和蒙多基里省。大多數高地高棉人說的語言屬於南亞語系的孟高棉語族；但埃地、嘉萊兩個民族是占族分支，無論在語言上還是文化上與高棉人差異較大。

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Гірські́ кхме́ри — група мон-кхмерських народів у гірських районах на заході В'єтнаму, півдні Лаосу, півночі Камбоджі та сході Таїланду. Вважаються корінним населенням цього регіону. Проживаючи в гірських районах, змогли уникнути асиміляції з боку великим сусідніх рівнинних народів: кхмерів, в'єтнамців, лаосців, тямів. Умовно об'єднуються за лінгвістичною ознакою та спільними рисами в господарстві, культурі та побуті. Горные кхме́ры (горные мо́ны) — условное название малых Индокитая, принятое в советской и российской этнографии. Живут в горных районах Юго-Западного Китая (Юньнань), западного Вьетнама, Лаоса, Восточной Мьянмы, северного и восточного Таиланда, северо-восточной Камбоджи (провинции Ратанакири, Стынгтраенг, Мондолькири). Общая численность в Мьянме — более 1,8 млн чел., Лаосе — около 1,6 млн чел., Вьетнаме — около 1,3 млн чел., Китае — более 700 тыс., Таиланде — около 600 тыс., Камбодже — более 150 тыс. (2008, оценка). Основное занятие — подсечно-огневое земледелие. Сохраняют значение рыболовство, лесное собирательство, охота на крупных животных (слонов, тигров). Развито гончарное ремесло. В религии — первобытные анимистические культы, заметно влияние католицизма. Говорят на мон-кхмерских языках. 高地高棉人（高棉語：ខ្មែរលើ，Khmer Loeu，高棉语发音：[kʰmae ləː]）是對居住在柬埔寨的高原地區的一系列原住民族的統稱。高地高棉人主要居住在東北部的臘塔納基里省、上丁省和蒙多基里省。大多數高地高棉人說的語言屬於南亞語系的孟高棉語族；但埃地、嘉萊兩個民族是占族分支，無論在語言上還是文化上與高棉人差異較大。 The Khmer Loeu (Khmer: ជនជាតិខ្មែរលើ [cunciət kʰmae ləː]; "upper Khmers") is the collective name given to the various indigenous ethnic groups residing in the highlands of Cambodia. The Khmer Loeu are found mainly in the northeastern provinces of Ratanakiri, Stung Treng, and Mondulkiri. Most of the highland groups are Mon-Khmer peoples and are distantly related, to one degree or another, to the Khmer. Two of the Khmer Loeu groups are Chamic peoples, a branch of the Austronesian peoples, and have a very different linguistic and cultural background. The Mon–Khmer-speaking tribes are the aboriginal inhabitants of mainland Southeast Asia, their ancestors having trickled into the area from the northwest during the prehistoric metal ages. The Austronesian-speaking groups, Rade and Jarai, are descendants of the Malayo-Polynesian peoples who came to what is now coastal Vietnam, saw the rise and fall of their Champa kingdoms, and then migrated west over the Annamite Range, dispersing between the Mon–Khmer groups. The disparate groups that make up the Khmer Loeu are estimated to comprise 17-21 different ethnic groups speaking at least 17 different languages. Unlike the Cham, Vietnamese and Chinese minorities of the lowlands, the Khmer Loeu groups haven't integrated into Khmer society or culture and remain politically unorganized and underrepresented in the Cambodian government. There have never been any treaties between a Khmer Loeu group and the government nor is Cambodia a signatory to the Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention. Cambodia's landmark 2001 land law guarantees indigenous peoples communal rights to their traditional lands, but the government is accused of routinely violating those provisions, confiscating land for purposes ranging from commercial logging to foreign development. Le nom Khmer Chuncheat Daerm Pheaktech ជនជាតិដើមភាគតិច ou Khmer Loeu désigne l'ensemble des populations (moins de 200 000 individus) habitant les hauts plateaux du nord-est du Cambodge. Bouddhistes (Theravāda) ou animistes, ils habitent principalement les provinces de Rotanah Kiri, Stoeng Treng et Mondol Kiri. Nom regroupant beaucoup d'origines, on estime généralement que les groupes parlant des langues môn-khmer proviennent de migrations à partir du nord-ouest. Le terme englobe également des populations parlant des langues malayo-polynésiennes, les Jaraï et les Rhade. Ces deux derniers groupes, qui parlent des langues proches du cham, viendraient de la bande côtière du Viêt Nam, formant des coins au milieu des groupes de langues môn-khmer. Le gouvernement cambodgien a créé l'expression Khmer Loeu (« Khmers d'en haut / du Nord »), dans les années 1960 dans le but de créer un sentiment d'unité entre les populations des hauts plateaux et la population khmère majoritaire et dominante. Mais ce terme désigne également les khmers de Thaïlande (Khmer Leu) séparés par les frontières géographiques. Auparavant, l'administration coloniale française les désignait par le nom de Montagnards. Alors que la population khmère les appelle Khmer Chuncheat Daerm Pheaktech ជនជាតិដើមភាគតិច qui veut dire populations indigènes khmères (n'ayant subi aucune influence indienne). Le terme Phnong se traduit en montagnard alors que Samre est le nom d'une ethnie de langue péarique appartenant au rameau môn-khmer des langues austroasiatiques. Khmer Loeu (Bahasa Khmer: ខ្មែរលើ, pengucapan Khmer: , "Khmer dataran tinggi") adalah nama bersama yang diberikan kepada berbagai kelompok etnis asli yang berada di dataran tinggi Kamboja. Khmer Loeu ditemukan terutama di timur laut Provinsi Ratanakiri, Stung Treng, dan Mondulkiri. Sebagian besar kelompok dataran tinggi ini merupakan suku Mon–Khmer dan berhubungan jauh, satu sama lainnya, dengan Khmer. Dua kelompok Khmer Loeu merupakan suku Chamik, cabang dari suku bangsa Austronesia, dan memiliki latar belakang budaya dan bahasa yang berbeda. Suku-suku yang menuturkan Mon–Khmer merupakan penduduk asli daratan Asia Tenggara, nenek moyang suku-suku ini telah menyebar ke daerah ini dari barat laut selama zaman logam prasejarah. Kelompok yang menuturkan Austronesia, dan Jarai, merupakan keturunan suku bangsa Melayu-Polinesia yang datang ke daerah yang sekarang menjadi pesisir Vietnam, melihat bangkit-runtuhnya kerajaan Champa, dan kemudian bermigrasi ke barat melintasi Deretan Annam, menyebar di antara kelompok Mon–Khmer. Kelompok berbeda yang membentuk kelompok Khmer Loeu diperkirakan terdiri dari 17–21 kelompok etnis berbeda dan menuturkan paling sedikit 17 bahasa berbeda. Berbeda dengan minoritas di dataran rendah Cham, Vietnam, dan Tiongkok, kelompok Khmer Loeu belum terintegrasi ke dalam masyarakat maupun budaya Khmer dan tetap tidak terorganisasi secara politik, serta kurang terwakili dalam pemerintahan Kamboja. Tidak pernah ada perjanjian antara kelompok Khmer Loeu dengan pemerintah dan juga Kamboja bukan penandatangan . Undang-undang pertanahan Kamboja tahun 2001 menjamin hak masyarakat adat atas tanah adat mereka, tetapi pemerintah dituduh secara rutin melanggar ketentuan tersebut, menyita lahan dengan tujuan mulai dari penebangan hutan untuk kepentingan komersial hingga pembangunan asing.

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