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- 三朝鮮（さんちょうせん）は、いわゆる古朝鮮のことで、通常は檀君朝鮮・箕子朝鮮・衛氏朝鮮を指す。しかし朝鮮民族主義歴史学の祖、申采浩は、「三朝鮮とは本当は真朝鮮・莫朝鮮・番朝鮮のことであるのに、世間の人は三朝鮮といえば檀君朝鮮・箕子朝鮮・衛氏朝鮮のことだとばかり思っており、誰も真朝鮮・莫朝鮮・番朝鮮を知らない」と嘆いていた。 しかしそもそも檀君は『史記』『三国志』などの中国の史書にはまったく登場せず、初めて朝鮮の歴史書に登場するのが12世紀と遅く、「仏教の宗教説話」の一つとして出てくる。通常は神話として扱われ、歴史事実とは看做されていない。すべて偽書による作話である。 衛氏朝鮮は、朝鮮半島の最初の国家と考えられ、中国の燕に出自を持つ中国人亡命者である衛満が今の朝鮮半島北部に建国した。 (ja)
- The three Gojoseon kingdoms are states thought to have existed according to Joseon Sangosa (1924–25). The concept gained a following among several fringe historians, although it is not completely accepted by mainstream scholars. In popular Korean history, drawing on the Korean founding myth, Gojoseon (고조선, 古朝鮮, 2333 BC – 239 BC) was an early state that was established around Liaoning, southern Manchuria, and the northern Korean Peninsula. It was anciently known simply as Joseon, but is now referred to as Gojoseon, i.e. "Ancient Joseon" to distinguish it from the much later (14th century) Kingdom of Joseon. According to some sources, Gojoseon was a kingdom formed by the union of three confederacies, or Samhan: Makjoseon (막조선, 莫朝鮮), Jinjoseon (진조선, 真朝鮮) and Beonjoseon (번조선, 番朝鮮). These three confederacies are said to be also known as Mahan, Byeonhan, and Jinhan. In conventional Korean history, these three confederacies appeared following Gojoseon's break-up, in the central and southern Korean Peninsula, until they were fully absorbed into the Three Kingdoms of Korea around the 4th century CE. Therefore, these later Samhan must be distinguished from the "former Samhan", or Samjoseon. (en)
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