About: Superfund

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Superfund is a United States federal environmental remediation program established by the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA). The program is administered by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The program is designed to investigate and clean up sites contaminated with hazardous substances. Sites managed under this program are referred to as "Superfund" sites. There are 40,000 federal Superfund sites across the country, and approximately 1,300 of those sites have been listed on the National Priorities List (NPL). Sites on the NPL are considered the most highly contaminated and undergo longer-term remedial investigation and remedial action (cleanups).

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  • الاستجابة البيئية الشاملة (بالإنجليزية: Superfund أو Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act) هو قانون اتحادي أُنشِئ عام 1980 يتبع للولايات المتحدة، يهدف القانون إلى تطهير المواقع الملوثة بالمواد الخطرة والمعروف على نطاق واسع بالملوثات. يُعطي هذا القانون أيضًا سلطةً لوكالات الموارد الطبيعية الاتحادية، وللولايات، ولقبائل الأمريكيين الأصليين، لطلب تعويضات عن الموارد الطبيعية الناجمة عن انبعاثات المواد الخطرة، وعلى إثر هذا القانون أُنشئَت وكالة . أعطت قانون الاستجابة البيئية الشاملة صلاحيات واسعة لتطهير الانطلاقات للمواد الخطرة والتي قد تشكل خطرًا على الصحة العامة والشؤون الاجتماعي و الطبيعة، حيث كانت البيئة تحتل الأولوية المُطلقة بالنسبة لوكالة حماية البيئة، والدول (مع أن مُعظم الدول لديها الآن نُسخ خاصة بها من قانون الاستجابة الشاملة)؛ إن وكالة حماية البيئة قد تُحدِّد الأطراف المسؤولة عن المواد المُنطلقة الخطرة على البيئة، وتقوم بإجبار تلك الأطراف على تطهير المواقع، أو أنها قد تُطهرها بنفسها تبعًا لقانون الاستجابة البيئية الشاملة، والتكلفة تكون مستردة من الأطراف المسؤولة، حيث تُنقل هذه القضايا إلى وزارة العدل الأمريكية. (ar)
  • Superfund ist ein Programm der Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), das in den USA die Untersuchung, Sicherung und Altlastensanierung von gesundheitsgefährdender Boden- oder Gewässerverschmutzung finanziert und organisiert. Der Fokus liegt dabei vor allem auf inaktiven und aufgegebenen Flächen mit Altlasten, insbesondere giftigen Abfällen. Zum 31. Januar 2020 waren 1335 Standorte als Superfund-Stätten der National Priorities List identifiziert, die sich in verschiedenen Stadien des Programms befanden. Im EPA-Budget 2020 sind für Superfund-Aktivitäten 1,029 Milliarden Dollar vorgesehen, um jene Kosten zu decken, die nicht nach dem Verursacherprinzip auf den oder die Verschmutzer umgelegt werden können. (de)
  • « Superfund » est le nom d’usage du Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) de 1980, une loi fédérale américaine visant à nettoyer les sites souillés par des déchets dangereux. Superfund a permis la création de l’Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) et a fourni de larges pouvoirs fédéraux pour nettoyer les rejets de substances dangereuses pouvant compromettre la santé publique ou l’environnement. La loi a autorisé l’Agence de protection de l’environnement des États-Unis (EPA) à identifier les parties responsables de la contamination des sites et de les contraindre à nettoyer les sites. Lorsque les parties responsables ne peuvent être trouvées, l’agence est autorisée à nettoyer les sites elle-même en utilisant un fonds spécial. (fr)
  • Superfund is a United States federal environmental remediation program established by the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA). The program is administered by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The program is designed to investigate and clean up sites contaminated with hazardous substances. Sites managed under this program are referred to as "Superfund" sites. There are 40,000 federal Superfund sites across the country, and approximately 1,300 of those sites have been listed on the National Priorities List (NPL). Sites on the NPL are considered the most highly contaminated and undergo longer-term remedial investigation and remedial action (cleanups). The EPA seeks to identify parties responsible for hazardous substances released to the environment (polluters) and either compel them to clean up the sites, or it may undertake the cleanup on its own using the Superfund (a trust fund) and seek to recover those costs from the responsible parties through settlements or other legal means. Approximately 70% of Superfund cleanup activities historically have been paid for by the potentially responsible parties (PRPs), reflecting the polluter pays principle. However, 30% of the time the responsible party either cannot be found or is unable to pay for the cleanup. In these circumstances, taxpayers had been paying for the cleanup operations. Through the 1980s, most of the funding came from an excise tax on petroleum and chemical manufacturers. However, in 1995, Congress chose not to renew this tax and the burden of the cost was shifted to taxpayers. Since 2001, most of the cleanup of hazardous waste sites has been funded through taxpayers generally. Despite its name, the program suffered from under-funding, and by 2014 Superfund NPL cleanups had decreased to only 8 sites, out of over 1,200. In November 2021 Congress reauthorized an excise tax on chemical manufacturers. The EPA and state agencies use the Hazard Ranking System (HRS) to calculate a site score (ranging from 0 to 100) based on the actual or potential release of hazardous substances from a site. A score of 28.5 places a site on the National Priorities List, eligible for long-term, remedial action (i.e., cleanup) under the Superfund program. As of March 23, 2022, there were 1,333 sites listed; an additional 448 had been delisted, and 43 new sites have been proposed. The Superfund law also authorizes federal natural resource agencies, primarily EPA, states and Native American tribes to recover natural resource damages caused by hazardous substances, though most states have and most often use their own versions of a state Superfund law. CERCLA created the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). The primary goal of a Superfund cleanup is to reduce the risks to human health through a combination of cleanup, engineered controls like caps and site restrictions such as groundwater use restrictions. A secondary goal is to return the site to productive use as a business, recreation or as a natural ecosystem. Identifying the intended reuse early in the cleanup often results in faster and less expensive cleanups. EPA's Superfund Redevelopment Program provides tools and support for site redevelopment. (en)
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  • CERCLA (en)
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  • P.L. 96-510 (en)
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  • An act to provide for liability, compensation, cleanup, and emergency response for hazardous substances released into the environment and the cleanup of inactive hazardous waste disposal sites. (en)
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  • 1980.0
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  • James Florio (en)
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  • 1980-04-02 (xsd:date)
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  • House (en)
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  • Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (en)
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  • Superfund (en)
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  • 1980-09-23 (xsd:date)
  • 1980-11-24 (xsd:date)
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  • الاستجابة البيئية الشاملة (بالإنجليزية: Superfund أو Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act) هو قانون اتحادي أُنشِئ عام 1980 يتبع للولايات المتحدة، يهدف القانون إلى تطهير المواقع الملوثة بالمواد الخطرة والمعروف على نطاق واسع بالملوثات. يُعطي هذا القانون أيضًا سلطةً لوكالات الموارد الطبيعية الاتحادية، وللولايات، ولقبائل الأمريكيين الأصليين، لطلب تعويضات عن الموارد الطبيعية الناجمة عن انبعاثات المواد الخطرة، وعلى إثر هذا القانون أُنشئَت وكالة . أعطت قانون الاستجابة البيئية الشاملة صلاحيات واسعة لتطهير الانطلاقات للمواد الخطرة والتي قد تشكل خطرًا على الصحة العامة والشؤون الاجتماعي و الطبيعة، حيث كانت البيئة تحتل الأولوية المُطلقة بالنسبة لوكالة حماية البيئة، والدول (مع أن مُعظم الدول لديها الآن نُسخ خاصة بها من قانون الاستجابة الشاملة)؛ إن وكالة حماية البيئة قد (ar)
  • Superfund ist ein Programm der Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), das in den USA die Untersuchung, Sicherung und Altlastensanierung von gesundheitsgefährdender Boden- oder Gewässerverschmutzung finanziert und organisiert. Der Fokus liegt dabei vor allem auf inaktiven und aufgegebenen Flächen mit Altlasten, insbesondere giftigen Abfällen. (de)
  • « Superfund » est le nom d’usage du Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) de 1980, une loi fédérale américaine visant à nettoyer les sites souillés par des déchets dangereux. Superfund a permis la création de l’Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) et a fourni de larges pouvoirs fédéraux pour nettoyer les rejets de substances dangereuses pouvant compromettre la santé publique ou l’environnement. (fr)
  • Superfund is a United States federal environmental remediation program established by the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA). The program is administered by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The program is designed to investigate and clean up sites contaminated with hazardous substances. Sites managed under this program are referred to as "Superfund" sites. There are 40,000 federal Superfund sites across the country, and approximately 1,300 of those sites have been listed on the National Priorities List (NPL). Sites on the NPL are considered the most highly contaminated and undergo longer-term remedial investigation and remedial action (cleanups). (en)
rdfs:label
  • استجابة بيئية شاملة (ar)
  • Superfund (de)
  • Superfund (fr)
  • Superfund (en)
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