| dbo:abstract
|
- Ramon Cabrera i Grinyó (Tortosa, 27 de desembre de 1806 – Wentworth, , Surrey, Regne Unit, 24 de maig de 1877) fou el comandant en cap de les forces carlines a la zona del Maestrat durant la primera guerra carlina i de Catalunya durant la segona. Gran figura del moviment insurreccional carlí, destacà per la seva gosadia i dots de comandament al camp de batalla. Ideològicament, evolucionà al final de la seva vida cap a posicions més tolerants i acabà reconeixent el rei Alfons XII, cosa que li valgué ser repudiat pel moviment carlí més tradicional. (ca)
- Ramón Cabrera y Griñó (26. prosince 1806, Tortosa – 24. května 1877, , Spojené království), přezdívaný El Tigre del Maestrazgo (tygr z Maestrazga), byl jedním z předních karlistických velitelů. (cs)
- Ramón Cabrera y Griño, auf Katalanisch Ramon Cabrera i Grinyó, Graf von Morella, Marqués del Ter (* 27. Dezember 1806 in Tortosa; † 24. Mai 1877 in ) war ein Heerführer der spanischen Karlisten. (de)
- Ramón CABRERA y Griñó , 1-a Duko de Maestrazgo, 1-a Grafo de Morella kaj 1-a Markizo de Ter, estis hispana militisto kaj y politikisto. Li estis konata kiel "El Tigre del Maestrazgo" (tigro de Maestrazgo), kaj estis elstara estro de karlistoj. Li partoprenis kaj en la Unua kaj en la Dua Karlismaj Militoj. (eo)
- Ramon Cabrera i Grinyó (Tortosa, Katalunia, 1806ko abenduaren 27a – Wentworth, Ingalaterra, 1877ko maiatzaren 24a) militarra eta politikaria izan zen, karlisten buruzagia. (eu)
- Ramón Cabrera y Griñó (Tortosa, 27 de diciembre de 1806-, 24 de mayo de 1877) fue un militar español. Conocido como «El Tigre del Maestrazgo», fue un destacado líder carlista. Cabrera, que participó en la Primera y Segunda Guerra Carlista, tras la última se exilió en Inglaterra, donde contrajo matrimonio y moderó sus posiciones políticas. Tuvo los títulos nobiliarios de I duque del Maestrazgo, I conde de Morella y I marqués del Ter. (es)
- Ramón Cabrera y Griñó (27 décembre 1806, Tortosa, province de Tarragone - 24 mai 1877, Wentworth (Royaume-Uni), général carliste d'Espagne. (fr)
- Ramon Cabrera y Griñó, 1st Count of Morella, 1st Marquis of Ter (27 December 1806 – 24 May 1877) was a Carlist general of Catalonia. He renounced the combined and Spanish grandee title of 1st Duke of Maestrazgo with its annual stipend in favour of the less fortunate and kept instead both the Borbón recognised Carlist count and the subsequent Borbón marquis nobility titles. He was born at Tortosa, province of Tarragona, Spain. As his family had in their gift two chaplaincies, young Cabrera was sent to the seminary of Tortosa, where he made himself conspicuous as an unruly pupil, ever mixed up in disturbances and careless in his studies. After he had taken minor orders, the bishop refused to ordain him as a priest, telling him that the Church was not his vocation, and that everything in him showed that he ought to be a soldier. Cabrera followed this advice and took part in Carlist conspiracies on the death of Ferdinand VII of Spain. The authorities exiled him and he absconded to Morella to join the forces of the pretender Don Carlos. In this First Carlist War (1833–1839) he rose in a very short time by sheer daring, fanaticism and ferocity to the front rank among the Carlist chiefs who led the bands of Don Carlos in Catalonia, Aragon and Valencia. He raised his own army travelling from village to village. As a raider he was often successful, and he was many times wounded in the brilliant fights in which he again and again defeated the generals of Queen Isabella, such as at the Battle of Maella. At the beginning of the First Carlist War, he released officers and other Isabelino prisoners of war with the promise not to fight him again as fellow Spaniards. Subsequently, the queen's generals seized his mother as a hostage, whereupon Cabrera shot several mayors and officers. General es unfortunately caused the mother of Cabrera to be shot also by firing squad as a reprisal. Cabrera vowed 'rivers of blood will flow in Catalonia' after her execution; and the Carlist leader then started upon a policy of reprisals so merciless that the people nicknamed him The Tiger of the Maestrazgo. He shot 1110 prisoners of war, 100 officers and many civilians, including the wives of four leading Isabelinos (Liberals), to avenge his executed mother. When Marshal Espartero induced the Carlists of the north-western provinces, with Maroto at their head, to submit in accordance with the Convention of Vergara, which secured the recognition of the rank and titles of 1000 Carlist officers, Cabrera held out in Central Spain for nearly a year. Marshals Espartero and O'Donnell, with the bulk of the Isabellino armies, had to conduct a long and bloody campaign against Cabrera before they succeeded in driving him into French territory in July 1840. The government of Louis Philippe kept him in a fortress for some months and then allowed him to go to England, where he quarrelled with the pretender, disapproving of his abdication in favor of the count of Montemolin. In 1848 Cabrera reappeared in the mountains of Catalonia at the head of Carlist bands. These were soon dispersed and he again fled to France. After this last effort he did not take a very active part in the propaganda and subsequent risings of the Carlists, who, however, continued to consult him. He took offence when new men, not a few of them quondam regular officers, became the advisers and lieutenants of Don Carlos in the Third Carlist War which lasted more or less from 1870 to 1876. Indeed, his long residence in England, his marriage with Miss Richards, and his prolonged absence from Spain had much shaken his devotion to his old cause and belief in its success. In March 1875 Cabrera sprang upon Don Carlos a manifesto in which he called upon the adherents of the pretender to follow his own example and submit to the restored monarchy of Alphonso XII, the son of Queen Isabella, who recognized the rank of captain-general and the title of conferred on Cabrera by the first pretender. His decision was tempered by his growing belief of the futility of a protracted civil war. Only a very few insignificant Carlists followed Cabrera's example, and Don Carlos issued a proclamation declaring him a traitor and depriving him of all his honours and titles. The Carlist cause never recovered as a political force from the sole decision of Cabrera, captain-general and formerly the recognised leader of all Carlist forces in defining battlefield victories, to bring a bloody civil war to a definitive end. The Duke of Wellington and contemporary accredited Cabrera as a noteworthy guerrilla leader. Cabrera, who was ever afterwards regarded with contempt and execration by the Carlists, died in London on 24 May 1877. He did not receive much attention from the majority of his fellow-countrymen, who commonly said that his disloyalty to his old cause had proved more harmful to him than beneficial to the new state of things. A pension which had been granted to his widow was renounced by her in 1899 in aid of the Spanish treasury after the loss of the colonies. His tomb, which has Listed Building Grade 2 status, is in a railed-off section of Christ Church churchyard, Virginia Water, Surrey, England. His devoted wife and dedicated conservationist, Marianne née Vaughn-Richards, who survived him by 35 years, is buried alongside him. The marriage bore four children. (en)
- Ramón Cabrera, greve av Morella, "Tigern av Maestrazgo", född 27 december 1806 i Tortosa, Katalonien, död 24 maj 1877 i Wentworth i England, var en spansk politiker och general, framträdande ledare i den anti-liberala och kyrkligt konservativa upprorsrörelsen karlisterna som i mitten och slutet av 1800-talets Spanien förgäves kämpade för en egen tronföljd. Cabrera var ursprungligen präst, och tog livligt del av tronpretendenten don Carlos uppror 1833-40, det första karlistkriget. År 1842 inträffade en brytning mellan denne och Cabrera och Cabrera slöt sig nu till don Carlos son, greven av Montemolin, och gjorde till hans förmån ett misslyckat upprorsförsök 1848. Andra karlistkriget 1846-1849 följdes av karlistiska gerillaaktioner. År 1860 tog Cabrera del i en misslyckad resning av general Ortegas. I oktober 1868 överlämnade den karlistiske tronpretendenten den politiska och militära ledningen av rörelsen till Cabrera. Men i mars 1870 avgick denne på grund av misshälligheter med Carlos María och ledande karlister. I tredje karlistkriget 1972-76 deltog inte Cabrera. Han underställde sig 1875 Alfons XII av Spanien. (sv)
- Ramon Cabrera y Griñó (ur. 27 grudnia 1806 w Tortosie, zm. 24 maja 1877 w Londynie) – hiszpański generał, działacz ruchu karlistów, który prowadził walkę z liberalnymi stronnikami królowej Izabeli II. (pl)
- Рамо́н Кабре́ра-и-Гриньо́ (исп. Ramón Cabrera y Griñó; 27 декабря 1806, Тортоса — 24 мая 1877, ) — испанский карлистский генерал. (ru)
|
| rdfs:comment
|
- Ramon Cabrera i Grinyó (Tortosa, 27 de desembre de 1806 – Wentworth, , Surrey, Regne Unit, 24 de maig de 1877) fou el comandant en cap de les forces carlines a la zona del Maestrat durant la primera guerra carlina i de Catalunya durant la segona. Gran figura del moviment insurreccional carlí, destacà per la seva gosadia i dots de comandament al camp de batalla. Ideològicament, evolucionà al final de la seva vida cap a posicions més tolerants i acabà reconeixent el rei Alfons XII, cosa que li valgué ser repudiat pel moviment carlí més tradicional. (ca)
- Ramón Cabrera y Griñó (26. prosince 1806, Tortosa – 24. května 1877, , Spojené království), přezdívaný El Tigre del Maestrazgo (tygr z Maestrazga), byl jedním z předních karlistických velitelů. (cs)
- Ramón Cabrera y Griño, auf Katalanisch Ramon Cabrera i Grinyó, Graf von Morella, Marqués del Ter (* 27. Dezember 1806 in Tortosa; † 24. Mai 1877 in ) war ein Heerführer der spanischen Karlisten. (de)
- Ramón CABRERA y Griñó , 1-a Duko de Maestrazgo, 1-a Grafo de Morella kaj 1-a Markizo de Ter, estis hispana militisto kaj y politikisto. Li estis konata kiel "El Tigre del Maestrazgo" (tigro de Maestrazgo), kaj estis elstara estro de karlistoj. Li partoprenis kaj en la Unua kaj en la Dua Karlismaj Militoj. (eo)
- Ramon Cabrera i Grinyó (Tortosa, Katalunia, 1806ko abenduaren 27a – Wentworth, Ingalaterra, 1877ko maiatzaren 24a) militarra eta politikaria izan zen, karlisten buruzagia. (eu)
- Ramón Cabrera y Griñó (Tortosa, 27 de diciembre de 1806-, 24 de mayo de 1877) fue un militar español. Conocido como «El Tigre del Maestrazgo», fue un destacado líder carlista. Cabrera, que participó en la Primera y Segunda Guerra Carlista, tras la última se exilió en Inglaterra, donde contrajo matrimonio y moderó sus posiciones políticas. Tuvo los títulos nobiliarios de I duque del Maestrazgo, I conde de Morella y I marqués del Ter. (es)
- Ramón Cabrera y Griñó (27 décembre 1806, Tortosa, province de Tarragone - 24 mai 1877, Wentworth (Royaume-Uni), général carliste d'Espagne. (fr)
- Ramon Cabrera y Griñó (ur. 27 grudnia 1806 w Tortosie, zm. 24 maja 1877 w Londynie) – hiszpański generał, działacz ruchu karlistów, który prowadził walkę z liberalnymi stronnikami królowej Izabeli II. (pl)
- Рамо́н Кабре́ра-и-Гриньо́ (исп. Ramón Cabrera y Griñó; 27 декабря 1806, Тортоса — 24 мая 1877, ) — испанский карлистский генерал. (ru)
- Ramon Cabrera y Griñó, 1st Count of Morella, 1st Marquis of Ter (27 December 1806 – 24 May 1877) was a Carlist general of Catalonia. He renounced the combined and Spanish grandee title of 1st Duke of Maestrazgo with its annual stipend in favour of the less fortunate and kept instead both the Borbón recognised Carlist count and the subsequent Borbón marquis nobility titles. (en)
- Ramón Cabrera, greve av Morella, "Tigern av Maestrazgo", född 27 december 1806 i Tortosa, Katalonien, död 24 maj 1877 i Wentworth i England, var en spansk politiker och general, framträdande ledare i den anti-liberala och kyrkligt konservativa upprorsrörelsen karlisterna som i mitten och slutet av 1800-talets Spanien förgäves kämpade för en egen tronföljd. I tredje karlistkriget 1972-76 deltog inte Cabrera. Han underställde sig 1875 Alfons XII av Spanien. (sv)
|
