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- The grammar of the Marathi language shares similarities with other modern Indo-Aryan languages such as Odia, Gujarati or Punjabi. The first modern book exclusively about the grammar of Marathi was printed in 1805 by Willam Carey. The principal word order in Marathi is SOV (subject–object–verb). Nouns inflect for gender (masculine, feminine, neuter), number (singular, plural), and case. Marathi preserves the neuter gender found in Sanskrit, a feature further distinguishing it from many Indo-Aryan languages. Typically, Marathi adjectives do not inflect unless they end in an आ (/aː/) vowel, in which case they inflect for gender and number. Marathi verbs inflect for tense (past, present, future). Verbs can agree with their subjects, yielding an active voice construction, or with their objects, yielding a passive voice construction. A third type of voice, not found in English for example, is produced when the verb agrees with neither subject nor object. Affixation is largely suffixal in the language and postpositions are attested. An unusual feature of Marathi, as compared to other Indo-European languages, is that it displays the inclusive and exclusive we feature, that is common to the Dravidian languages, Rajasthani, and Gujarati. The contemporary grammatical rules described by Maharashtra Sahitya Parishad and endorsed by the Government of Maharashtra are supposed to take precedence in standard written Marathi. These rules are described in Marathi Grammar, written by M. R. Walimbe. The book is widely referred to students in schools and colleges. (en)
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- -ṣī is only used as an instrumental suffix in northeastern varieties of Marathi but is recognized as such by other speakers. Most speakers use this suffix as a variant of the adessive postposition पाशी pāṣi (en)
- -te is obsolete in Modern Marathi but can be found in old poetry. (en)
- The -ī suffix must be used for some feminine stems that end in a consonant , and may be used for some masculine and neuter stems that end in a consonant . When ambiguous, the -t suffix has a connotation of location inside a well-defined area in space or time, whereas -ī has a connotation of location "at" a less well defined space, time, or concept. As a rough analogy, the difference between gharāt and gharī, both locative cases of ghar , is similar to the difference between "in house" and "at home". (en)
- -s, while more prevalent in Old Marathi, is largely restricted to the formal written register, and typically used when talking about people. (en)
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