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- Το Φρούριο Αλκατράζ (αγγλικά: Fort Alcatraz) ήταν παράκτια στρατιωτική εγκατάσταση του στρατού των ΗΠΑ που βρίσκεται στο νησί Αλκατράζ στις εκβολές του κόλπου του Σαν Φρανσίσκο στην Καλιφόρνια. Αρχικά ολοκληρώθηκε το 1859, και η εγκατάσταση χρησιμοποιήθηκε για την εκπαίδευση νεοσυλλέκτων και για μονάδες του Αμερικανικού Εμφυλίου Πολέμου από το 1861 όπου στη συνέχεια έγινε στρατιωτική φυλακή από το 1868. Οι κύριες βελτιώσεις, λόγω της εξέλιξης του πυροβολικού, πραγματοποιήθηκαν από τη δεκαετία του 1870, αλλά δεν ολοκληρώθηκαν ποτέ, καθώς το Φρούριο άρχισε να φιλοξενεί περισσότερους θαλάμους απ' ότι κανόνια, αλλάζοντας τη χρησιμότητα του. Έπειτα υποβλήθηκε σε σημαντικές ανακαινίσεις στο πλαίσιο του σχεδίου του Endicott Board για την υπεράσπιση του κόλπου. Η πρώτη ολοκληρωμένη πτέρυγα κελιών δημιουργήθηκε μεταξύ 1910 και 1912. Το 1933-1934, εκσυγχρονίστηκε και μετατράπηκε στη διαβόητη φυλακή του Αλκατράζ. (el)
- Fort Alcatraz was a United States Army coastal fortification on Alcatraz Island near the mouth of San Francisco Bay in California, part of the Third System of fixed fortifications, although very different from most other Third System works. Initially completed in 1859, it was also used for mustering and training recruits and new units for the Civil War from 1861 and began secondary use as a long-term military prison in 1868. Major improvements, needed because of changes in artillery, began in the 1870s, but were underfunded and never fully completed, as the post came to be seen less as defense and more as a jail. The site was not used for any major works of the Endicott Board’s plan for the defense of the Bay. A large concrete prison block was erected between 1910 and 1912. In 1933–1934, this was modernized and became the Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary. (en)
- Fort Alcatraz (anche noto con il nome di Fortezza di Alcatraz) era una fortificazione militare costiera dell'esercito statunitense posta sull'Isola di Alcatraz presso la foce della baia di San Francisco in California, parte delle fortificazioni del Terzo Sistema anche se da esse profondamente diversa. Inizialmente completata nel 1859, la struttura venne utilizzata per allenare le reclute e per le unità della guerra civile americana dal 1861 e divenne dal 1868 una prigione militare. I principali miglioramenti, per via dell'evoluzione dell'artiglieria, si ebbero dagli anni '70 dell'Ottocento, ma non vennero mai portati a compimento in quanto il luogo incominciò a ospitare più celle che cannoni, cambiando la propria vocazione. Il sito fu oggetto di rifacimenti profondi in occasione del piano di per la difesa della baia. Il primo blocco di celle vero e proprio venne eretto tra il 1910 e il 1912. Nel 1933-1934, venne modernizzato e divenne la Prigione di Alcatraz. (it)
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- Model of Alcatraz, 1866–1868 (en)
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- San Francisco Bay, California, US (en)
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- James B. McPherson, Joseph Stewart, William A. Winder (en)
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- Military defense; military prison (en)
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- Το Φρούριο Αλκατράζ (αγγλικά: Fort Alcatraz) ήταν παράκτια στρατιωτική εγκατάσταση του στρατού των ΗΠΑ που βρίσκεται στο νησί Αλκατράζ στις εκβολές του κόλπου του Σαν Φρανσίσκο στην Καλιφόρνια. Αρχικά ολοκληρώθηκε το 1859, και η εγκατάσταση χρησιμοποιήθηκε για την εκπαίδευση νεοσυλλέκτων και για μονάδες του Αμερικανικού Εμφυλίου Πολέμου από το 1861 όπου στη συνέχεια έγινε στρατιωτική φυλακή από το 1868. Οι κύριες βελτιώσεις, λόγω της εξέλιξης του πυροβολικού, πραγματοποιήθηκαν από τη δεκαετία του 1870, αλλά δεν ολοκληρώθηκαν ποτέ, καθώς το Φρούριο άρχισε να φιλοξενεί περισσότερους θαλάμους απ' ότι κανόνια, αλλάζοντας τη χρησιμότητα του. Έπειτα υποβλήθηκε σε σημαντικές ανακαινίσεις στο πλαίσιο του σχεδίου του Endicott Board για την υπεράσπιση του κόλπου. Η πρώτη ολοκληρωμένη πτέρυγα κελιών (el)
- Fort Alcatraz was a United States Army coastal fortification on Alcatraz Island near the mouth of San Francisco Bay in California, part of the Third System of fixed fortifications, although very different from most other Third System works. Initially completed in 1859, it was also used for mustering and training recruits and new units for the Civil War from 1861 and began secondary use as a long-term military prison in 1868. A large concrete prison block was erected between 1910 and 1912. In 1933–1934, this was modernized and became the Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary. (en)
- Fort Alcatraz (anche noto con il nome di Fortezza di Alcatraz) era una fortificazione militare costiera dell'esercito statunitense posta sull'Isola di Alcatraz presso la foce della baia di San Francisco in California, parte delle fortificazioni del Terzo Sistema anche se da esse profondamente diversa. Inizialmente completata nel 1859, la struttura venne utilizzata per allenare le reclute e per le unità della guerra civile americana dal 1861 e divenne dal 1868 una prigione militare. I principali miglioramenti, per via dell'evoluzione dell'artiglieria, si ebbero dagli anni '70 dell'Ottocento, ma non vennero mai portati a compimento in quanto il luogo incominciò a ospitare più celle che cannoni, cambiando la propria vocazione. Il sito fu oggetto di rifacimenti profondi in occasione del piano (it)
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- Fort Alcatraz (en)
- Φρούριο Αλκατράζ (el)
- Fort Alcatraz (it)
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