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- السياسة الخارجية للصين الصين دولة شيوعية وصلت إلى السلطة عام 1949 بعد حرب أهلية. أصبحت قوة عظمى في الستينيات ولديها اليوم أكبر عدد من السكان في العالم وثاني أكبر ناتج محلي إجمالي (بعد الولايات المتحدة) وأكبر اقتصاد في العالم من خلال تعادل القوة الشرائية. (ar)
- The People's Republic of China is a Communist state that came to power in 1949 after a civil war. After the Korean war in 1950-1953 and the Sino-Soviet split in the 1960s, China emerged as a great power and one of the three big players in the tri-polar geopolitics (PRC-US-USSR) during the late Cold war (1956-1991) with its status as a recognized nuclear weapons state in 1960s. Currently, China has the world's largest population, second largest GDP (nominal) (after the U.S.) and the largest economy in the world by PPP. China is now considered an emerging global superpower. The main institutions of foreign policy are the Central Foreign Affairs Commission of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the CCP International Liaison Department, and the CCP United Front Work Department. In 1950-1953 it fought an undeclared war in Korea against the United States. Until the late 1950s it was allied with the Soviet Union but by 1960 they began a bitter contest for control over the local Communist movement in many countries. It reached détente with the United States in 1972. After CCP Chairman Mao Zedong died in 1976, Deng Xiaoping led a massive process of industrialization and emphasized trade relations with the world, while maintaining a low key, less ideological foreign policy, widely described by the phrase taoguang yanghui, or "hide one's talent and bide one's time". The Chinese economy grew very rapidly giving it steadily increasing power and ambition. Since Xi Jinping assumed to General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party in 2012, China has expanded its foreign policy ambitions on the global scale, with special emphasis on the East China Sea. China is investing heavily in global infrastructure, citing a desire for economic integration. It is also investing in strategic locations to secure its trade and security interests. It calls these programs "One Belt, One Road" and the "Maritime Silk Road", which it sees as part of its goal of self-sufficiency. In the 2019, the Pew Research Center made a survey on attitude to Xi Jinping among six-country medians based on Australia, India, Indonesia, Japan, Philippines and South Korea. The survey indicated that a median 29% have confidence in Xi Jinping to do the right thing regarding world affairs, meanwhile a median of 45% have no confidence. These number are almost same with those of North Korean leader Kim Jong Un (23% confidence, 53% no confidence). Since 2017 it has engaged in a large-scale trade war with the United States. It is also challenging U.S. dominance in the Pacific and Indian Ocean, expanding its military naval and diplomatic efforts. Part of this is the String of Pearls strategy securing strategic locations in the Indian Ocean and Strait of Malacca region. (en)
- 냉전 이후 새로운 국제정세가 형성됨에 따라 개별 국가들은 대외정책을 조정할 수밖에 없었다. 중화인민공화국(이하 중국) 또한 달라진 국제환경에 따라 새로운 대외정책을 구상해 왔고 대외적 활동에서 그 내용을 구체화해 왔다. 중국의 대외정책에서 나타나는 핵심적 변화는 중국이 그동안 최상위에 두었던 주권수호의 목적과 함께, 이 아니라 다른 나라와의 협력을 통한 (cooperative security)으로 바뀌었다는 것이다. 냉전 시기 중국의 안보정책이 외부세계의 위협으로부터 국가안보를 보장받기 위한 방어적이고 소극적인 경향을 띈 것이었다면, 냉전 이후의 안보정책은 적극적이고 공격적인 양상을 띄기 시작했다. 국제사회에서 중국의 경제적, 정치적 비중이 증가함에 따라 중국이 어떤 안보정책을 수립할 것인지는 국제적인 주요 관심사가 되어왔고 주변 국가들이 중국의 안보정책을 파악하는 것은 안보정책상 중요한 사안이 되어왔다. (ko)
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- السياسة الخارجية للصين الصين دولة شيوعية وصلت إلى السلطة عام 1949 بعد حرب أهلية. أصبحت قوة عظمى في الستينيات ولديها اليوم أكبر عدد من السكان في العالم وثاني أكبر ناتج محلي إجمالي (بعد الولايات المتحدة) وأكبر اقتصاد في العالم من خلال تعادل القوة الشرائية. (ar)
- 냉전 이후 새로운 국제정세가 형성됨에 따라 개별 국가들은 대외정책을 조정할 수밖에 없었다. 중화인민공화국(이하 중국) 또한 달라진 국제환경에 따라 새로운 대외정책을 구상해 왔고 대외적 활동에서 그 내용을 구체화해 왔다. 중국의 대외정책에서 나타나는 핵심적 변화는 중국이 그동안 최상위에 두었던 주권수호의 목적과 함께, 이 아니라 다른 나라와의 협력을 통한 (cooperative security)으로 바뀌었다는 것이다. 냉전 시기 중국의 안보정책이 외부세계의 위협으로부터 국가안보를 보장받기 위한 방어적이고 소극적인 경향을 띈 것이었다면, 냉전 이후의 안보정책은 적극적이고 공격적인 양상을 띄기 시작했다. 국제사회에서 중국의 경제적, 정치적 비중이 증가함에 따라 중국이 어떤 안보정책을 수립할 것인지는 국제적인 주요 관심사가 되어왔고 주변 국가들이 중국의 안보정책을 파악하는 것은 안보정책상 중요한 사안이 되어왔다. (ko)
- The People's Republic of China is a Communist state that came to power in 1949 after a civil war. After the Korean war in 1950-1953 and the Sino-Soviet split in the 1960s, China emerged as a great power and one of the three big players in the tri-polar geopolitics (PRC-US-USSR) during the late Cold war (1956-1991) with its status as a recognized nuclear weapons state in 1960s. Currently, China has the world's largest population, second largest GDP (nominal) (after the U.S.) and the largest economy in the world by PPP. China is now considered an emerging global superpower. The main institutions of foreign policy are the Central Foreign Affairs Commission of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the CCP International Liaison Department, and the CCP United Front Work (en)
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