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Elisabeth Dmitrieff (born Elizaveta Lukinichna Kusheleva, Russian: Елизавета Лукинична Кушелева, also known as Elizaveta Tomanovskaya; 1 November 1850 – probably between 1916 and 1918) was a Russian revolutionary and feminist activist. The illegitimate daughter of a Russian aristocrat and a German nurse, she had a comfortable upbringing but was marginalized within the Russian aristocracy due to the circumstances of her birth, leading to her interest in Marxism and the radical ideas of Nikolay Chernyshevsky. She entered into a marriage of convenience with Mikhail Tomanovski, a colonel who had retired early due to illness, in order to access her inheritance, which she used to fund revolutionary causes such as the Russian-language journal Narodnoye delo. Her money and married status allowed h

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  • Elisabeth Dmitrieff (en rus: Елизавета Дмитриева, Elizaveta Dmitrieva), de naixement Elizaveta Loukinitcha Koucheleva (en russe : Елизавета Лукинична Кушелева), nascuda el 1er de novembre de 1851 a , a la província de Pskov a Rússia i morta el 1910 (o 1918 segons les fonts), es va dedicar a la política i va ser una militant socialista. Va participar en la Comuna de París de 1871. (ca)
  • Elisabeth Dmitrieff (born Elizaveta Lukinichna Kusheleva, Russian: Елизавета Лукинична Кушелева, also known as Elizaveta Tomanovskaya; 1 November 1850 – probably between 1916 and 1918) was a Russian revolutionary and feminist activist. The illegitimate daughter of a Russian aristocrat and a German nurse, she had a comfortable upbringing but was marginalized within the Russian aristocracy due to the circumstances of her birth, leading to her interest in Marxism and the radical ideas of Nikolay Chernyshevsky. She entered into a marriage of convenience with Mikhail Tomanovski, a colonel who had retired early due to illness, in order to access her inheritance, which she used to fund revolutionary causes such as the Russian-language journal Narodnoye delo. Her money and married status allowed her to leave Russia and study in Geneva, where she participated in founding the Geneva section of the International Workingmen's Association. Sent by the Geneva section as an envoy to London, she became close to Karl Marx and his daughter Jenny. When the revolutionary Paris Commune was declared following the French defeat in the Franco-Prussian War, Marx sent Dmitrieff to Paris as a representative of the International. There, she became one of the most important women's leaders of the Commune, founding the Women's Union to Defend Paris and Care for the Wounded, which demanded rights for working women and organized co-operative textile workshops in the city. During "bloody week", when French government forces retook the city, Dmitrieff fought and was wounded in defense of the Commune. She and Leó Frankel, whom she had worked with during the Commune and rescued in the fighting, hid in Paris for several weeks before escaping to Geneva. Depressed by the defeat of the Commune and the failure of other revolutionaries to come to its aid, she returned to Russia in October 1871. There, she struggled to re-enter activist politics, since the radical circles of the 1870s were less sympathetic to her feminist socialism than those of the 1860s, and because she was forced to hide her communard past due to being pursued by the French, Swiss, and Russian police. She fell in love with the manager of her aging first husband's estate, Ivan Mikhailovich Davydovski, and had two children with him after she was widowed in 1873. Davydovski would become a key defendant in a sensational mass trial, accused of being a ringleader of the "Jacks of Hearts" criminal conspiracy, and was convicted for fraud and murder. Dmitrieff married him to follow him into exile in Siberia. She passed the last years of her life in obscurity, and the date of her death is uncertain. Although historiography of the Paris Commune has tended to focus on Louise Michel, Dmitrieff's life has inspired a number of biographies. A public square carries her name in Paris, and a museum is dedicated to her in Volok, her village of birth, where she is remembered as a heroine of the revolutionary movement. (en)
  • Elisabeth Dmitrieff (errusieraz : Елизавета Дмитриева, Elizaveta Dmitrieva), jaiotzaz Elizaveta Loukinitchna Koucheleva (errusieraz: Елизавета Лукинична Кушелева) 1851 azaroaren 1ean jaio zen Voloken, ujezdeko herrian (Pskoveko gobernaritza, Errusiako Inperioa), eta 1910 edo 1918an hil zen, politikaria, militante feminista, sozialista eta komuneroa izan zen. (eu)
  • Elisabeth Dmitrieff nacida Yelizaveta Lukinichna Kusheleva fue una activista socialista rusa y figura importante de la Comuna de París de 1871. Junto a Nathalie Lemel, fue una de las fundadoras de la Unión de Mujeres, creada el 11 de abril de 1871, en una cafetería de la . (es)
  • Elizaveta Tomanovskaïa (en russe : Елизавета Томановская), dite Élisabeth Dmitrieff, est une révolutionnaire et militante féministe russe, née le 1er novembre de l'année 1850 — ou de l'année 1851 — à Volok, village de l'ouïezd de Toropets (gouvernement de Pskov, Empire russe), et morte entre 1910 et 1918, selon des sources divergentes. Elle est issue d'une famille aristocratique russe, ce qui lui donne accès à une éducation privilégiée, mais son statut de fille, et d'enfant née hors mariage, ainsi que la nationalité allemande de sa mère la marginalisent au sein de cette aristocratie, provoquant son intérêt pour la philosophie du marxisme et les idées radicales de Nikolaï Tchernychevski. Elle se marie pour échapper à sa famille et aller étudier à Genève, où elle codirige La Cause du peuple et participe à la fondation de la section russe de l'Association internationale des travailleurs. Envoyée par Karl Marx à Paris pour suivre les évènements après la proclamation de la Commune de Paris le 18 mars 1871, elle devient l'une des femmes les plus actives de l'insurrection. Elle fonde l'Union des femmes, la première association à promouvoir les droits des femmes, et spécifiquement leur droit à des conditions de travail décentes en France. Elle participe à la défense de Paris pendant la semaine sanglante puis s'enfuit à Genève, retourne enfin en Russie. Elle se marie en 1877 avec le chef d'une bande de malfrats, Ivan Davidovski, afin de pouvoir le suivre dans son exil en Sibérie lorsqu'il est condamné pour escroqueries et meurtre. Obligée de cacher son identité car recherchée par les polices française, suisse et russe, elle ne peut révéler son passé de communarde et passe les dernières années de sa vie dans l'oubli. La date de sa mort est incertaine. Une place porte son nom à Paris et un musée lui est dédié dans son village natal de Volok. Un temps tombée dans l'oubli et éclipsée par Louise Michel, sa participation à la Commune de Paris et l'histoire de sa vie ont ensuite inspiré nombre de biographes. (fr)
  • Élisabeth Dmitrieff, pseudonimo di Elizaveta Lukinična Kušeleva o anche, dal cognome dei due mariti, Tomanovskaja e Davydovskaja (Volok, 1º novembre 1851 – Mosca, 1918 circa), è stata una rivoluzionaria russa.Di opinioni marxiste, appartenente alla I Internazionale, partecipò alla Comune di Parigi guidando l'associazione dell'Unione delle donne. (it)
  • Elisabet Dmitrieff, född 1851, död 1910 eller 1918, var en rysk socialist och feminist. Hon är känd för sitt deltagande i Pariskommunen, där hon 1871 grundade en feministorganisation tillsammans med Nathalie Lemel kallad Union des femmes pour la défense de Paris et les soins aux blessés. (sv)
  • Елизавета Лукинична Дмитриева (фр. Elisabeth Dmitrieff, настоящее имя — Елизавета Лукинична Томановская, в девичестве Кушелева, 1 ноября 1851, Волок — 1910 или 1918?) — русская революционерка, одна из основателей русской секции I Интернационала, участница Парижской Коммуны и основательница вместе с . (ru)
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  • Elizaveta Tomanovskaya (en)
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  • 1850-11-01 (xsd:date)
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  • Elizaveta Lukinichna Kusheleva (en)
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  • 1850-11-01 (xsd:date)
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  • Elizaveta Lukinichna Kusheleva (en)
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  • Alphonse Liébert in 1871 (en)
  • Elisabeth Dmitrieff photographed by (en)
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  • 1916 (xsd:integer)
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  • Participation in the Paris Commune (en)
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  • Elisabeth Dmitrieff (en rus: Елизавета Дмитриева, Elizaveta Dmitrieva), de naixement Elizaveta Loukinitcha Koucheleva (en russe : Елизавета Лукинична Кушелева), nascuda el 1er de novembre de 1851 a , a la província de Pskov a Rússia i morta el 1910 (o 1918 segons les fonts), es va dedicar a la política i va ser una militant socialista. Va participar en la Comuna de París de 1871. (ca)
  • Elisabeth Dmitrieff (errusieraz : Елизавета Дмитриева, Elizaveta Dmitrieva), jaiotzaz Elizaveta Loukinitchna Koucheleva (errusieraz: Елизавета Лукинична Кушелева) 1851 azaroaren 1ean jaio zen Voloken, ujezdeko herrian (Pskoveko gobernaritza, Errusiako Inperioa), eta 1910 edo 1918an hil zen, politikaria, militante feminista, sozialista eta komuneroa izan zen. (eu)
  • Elisabeth Dmitrieff nacida Yelizaveta Lukinichna Kusheleva fue una activista socialista rusa y figura importante de la Comuna de París de 1871. Junto a Nathalie Lemel, fue una de las fundadoras de la Unión de Mujeres, creada el 11 de abril de 1871, en una cafetería de la . (es)
  • Élisabeth Dmitrieff, pseudonimo di Elizaveta Lukinična Kušeleva o anche, dal cognome dei due mariti, Tomanovskaja e Davydovskaja (Volok, 1º novembre 1851 – Mosca, 1918 circa), è stata una rivoluzionaria russa.Di opinioni marxiste, appartenente alla I Internazionale, partecipò alla Comune di Parigi guidando l'associazione dell'Unione delle donne. (it)
  • Elisabet Dmitrieff, född 1851, död 1910 eller 1918, var en rysk socialist och feminist. Hon är känd för sitt deltagande i Pariskommunen, där hon 1871 grundade en feministorganisation tillsammans med Nathalie Lemel kallad Union des femmes pour la défense de Paris et les soins aux blessés. (sv)
  • Елизавета Лукинична Дмитриева (фр. Elisabeth Dmitrieff, настоящее имя — Елизавета Лукинична Томановская, в девичестве Кушелева, 1 ноября 1851, Волок — 1910 или 1918?) — русская революционерка, одна из основателей русской секции I Интернационала, участница Парижской Коммуны и основательница вместе с . (ru)
  • Elisabeth Dmitrieff (born Elizaveta Lukinichna Kusheleva, Russian: Елизавета Лукинична Кушелева, also known as Elizaveta Tomanovskaya; 1 November 1850 – probably between 1916 and 1918) was a Russian revolutionary and feminist activist. The illegitimate daughter of a Russian aristocrat and a German nurse, she had a comfortable upbringing but was marginalized within the Russian aristocracy due to the circumstances of her birth, leading to her interest in Marxism and the radical ideas of Nikolay Chernyshevsky. She entered into a marriage of convenience with Mikhail Tomanovski, a colonel who had retired early due to illness, in order to access her inheritance, which she used to fund revolutionary causes such as the Russian-language journal Narodnoye delo. Her money and married status allowed h (en)
  • Elizaveta Tomanovskaïa (en russe : Елизавета Томановская), dite Élisabeth Dmitrieff, est une révolutionnaire et militante féministe russe, née le 1er novembre de l'année 1850 — ou de l'année 1851 — à Volok, village de l'ouïezd de Toropets (gouvernement de Pskov, Empire russe), et morte entre 1910 et 1918, selon des sources divergentes. Une place porte son nom à Paris et un musée lui est dédié dans son village natal de Volok. Un temps tombée dans l'oubli et éclipsée par Louise Michel, sa participation à la Commune de Paris et l'histoire de sa vie ont ensuite inspiré nombre de biographes. (fr)
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  • Elisabeth Dmitrieff (ca)
  • Elisabeth Dmitrieff (en)
  • Elisabeth Dmitrieff (es)
  • Elisabeth Dmitrieff (eu)
  • Élisabeth Dmitrieff (it)
  • Élisabeth Dmitrieff (fr)
  • Дмитриева, Елизавета Лукинична (ru)
  • Elisabet Dmitrieff (sv)
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