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The region of the Beagle Channel, explored by Robert FitzRoy in the 1830s, was one of the last to be colonized by Chile and Argentina. The cold weather, the long distances from other inhabited regions, and the shortage of transport and subsistence, kept it far from the governmental task. The Beagle Channel Arbitration Court reviewed in-depth the cartography of the zone and stated that: — §163

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  • The region of the Beagle Channel, explored by Robert FitzRoy in the 1830s, was one of the last to be colonized by Chile and Argentina. The cold weather, the long distances from other inhabited regions, and the shortage of transport and subsistence, kept it far from the governmental task. In the maps exhibited in this page it is possible to appreciate the lacking knowledge of the geography by navigators and explorers of the zone and also the statesmen who had to decide on the borders. Nevertheless, when the Boundary treaty of 1881 between Chile and Argentina was signed, in the Beagle Channel zone at least the main islands and waterways were known. The Beagle Channel Arbitration Court reviewed in-depth the cartography of the zone and stated that: Finally, the Court wishes to stress again that its conclusion to the effect that the [Picton, Nueva and Lennox Islands] group is Chilean according to the 1881 Treaty has been reached on the basis of its interpretation of the Treaty, especially as set forth in paragraphs 55–111 above, and independently of the cartography of the case which has been taken account of only for purposes of confirmation or corroboration. The same applies in respect of the particular maps discussed in, and from, paragraph 119 onwards. — §163 (en)
  • Die Zone des Beagle-Kanals, entdeckt in den 30er Jahren des 19. Jahrhunderts, war eine der Letzten, die von Chilenen und Argentiniern besiedelt wurde. Das raue und kalte Klima, die weite Entfernung zu anderen Städten, die fehlenden Ressourcen und die Schwierigkeiten beim Transport hemmten die Besiedlung dieser Region. An einigen Landkarten auf dieser Seite kann man erkennen, wie unbekannt die Küstenlinien und Inseln der Zone den Seefahrern und Forschungsreisenden noch waren, ebenso wie für die Regierungen, die über die Grenzziehung entscheiden sollten. Dennoch waren die Hauptinseln und die wichtigsten Wasserverbindungen schon bekannt, als der Grenzvertrag von 1881 zwischen Chile und Argentinien unterschrieben wurde. Die Kartographie über diese Region kann als Annäherung dienen, um die anfängliche Interpretation des Grenzvertrages von 1881 zu rekonstruieren und so die Geschichte des Beagle-Konflikts zu verstehen. (de)
  • La région du canal Beagle, explorée par Robert FitzRoy dans les années 1830, fut l'une des dernières à être colonisée par le Chili et l’Argentine. Le froid, l’éloignement d'autres régions habitées, et le manque de transport et de , la garda loin de toute préoccupation gouvernementale. Au vu des cartes exposées dans cette page, il est possible d'apprécier le manque de connaissances de la géographie par les navigateurs et explorateurs de la zone ainsi que des hommes d'État qui eurent à se prononcer sur les frontières. Néanmoins, lorsque le traité frontalier de 1881 entre le Chili et l'Argentine fut signé, les principales îles et les voies navigables dans la zone du canal Beagle, au moins, étaient connues. Le tribunal d'arbitrage canal Beagle examina en profondeur la cartographie de la zone et déclara que« Finalement, la Cour tient à souligner à nouveau que sa conclusion, que le groupe PNL (les îles Picton, Lennox et Nueva) est chilien selon le traité de 1881, a été rendue sur la base de son interprétation du traité, en particulier des paragraphes 55 à 111 ci-dessus, et indépendamment de la cartographie de l'affaire qui a été pris en compte uniquement à des fins de confirmation ou corroboration. La même chose s'applique à l'égard des cartes particulières discutés dans, et à partir du paragraphe 119 et suivants. » (fr)
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  • Geografía, guerra y nacionalismo. La Sociedad Argentina de Estudios Geográficos en las encrucijadas patrióticas del gobierno militar, 1976–1983. (en)
  • §163 (en)
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  • Finally, the Court wishes to stress again that its conclusion to the effect that the [Picton, Nueva and Lennox Islands] group is Chilean according to the 1881 Treaty has been reached on the basis of its interpretation of the Treaty, especially as set forth in paragraphs 55–111 above, and independently of the cartography of the case which has been taken account of only for purposes of confirmation or corroboration. The same applies in respect of the particular maps discussed in, and from, paragraph 119 onwards. (en)
  • Classical geopolitics [thoughts] of the late nineteenth century, the crudest biological metaphors of geographic determinism, militarism, the principles of the Doctrina de la Seguridad Nacional and the corporative nationalism can be noted, concealed, subtly or in plain language in the manifests, conferences and statements of the geographers (en)
  • Footnote 102 This in two respects: since under the first part of Article III of the Treaty, the perpendicular in the Isla Grande of Tierra del Fuego, from Cape Espíritu Santo to the Beagle Channel, was deliberately stopped there, a map showing a line of division which, by prolonging the perpendicular, crossed the Channel, and proceeded southward through the Murray Sound and past the Wollaston group, could not possibly represent the division contemplated by the Treaty; this map, thereby, and equally by colouring, showed, not only the PNL group, but also Navarino Island and the Hermite group, as Argentine. But these localities were "to the south of the Beagle Channel" according to any possible interpretation of that phrase in the Chilean attribution under the Islands clause of the Treaty. (en)
  • ...to the Argentine Republic shall belong Staten Island, the islets that surround it, and the other Atlantic islands to the south of Tierra del Fuego and of the eastern coasts of Patagonia... (en)
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  • Die Zone des Beagle-Kanals, entdeckt in den 30er Jahren des 19. Jahrhunderts, war eine der Letzten, die von Chilenen und Argentiniern besiedelt wurde. Das raue und kalte Klima, die weite Entfernung zu anderen Städten, die fehlenden Ressourcen und die Schwierigkeiten beim Transport hemmten die Besiedlung dieser Region. An einigen Landkarten auf dieser Seite kann man erkennen, wie unbekannt die Küstenlinien und Inseln der Zone den Seefahrern und Forschungsreisenden noch waren, ebenso wie für die Regierungen, die über die Grenzziehung entscheiden sollten. (de)
  • The region of the Beagle Channel, explored by Robert FitzRoy in the 1830s, was one of the last to be colonized by Chile and Argentina. The cold weather, the long distances from other inhabited regions, and the shortage of transport and subsistence, kept it far from the governmental task. The Beagle Channel Arbitration Court reviewed in-depth the cartography of the zone and stated that: — §163 (en)
  • La région du canal Beagle, explorée par Robert FitzRoy dans les années 1830, fut l'une des dernières à être colonisée par le Chili et l’Argentine. Le froid, l’éloignement d'autres régions habitées, et le manque de transport et de , la garda loin de toute préoccupation gouvernementale. (fr)
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  • Beagle-Kartographie ab 1881 (de)
  • Beagle Channel cartography since 1881 (en)
  • Cartographie du canal Beagle depuis 1881 (fr)
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