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- The Battle of Tarvis was fought during 21–23 March 1797 near present-day Tarvisio in far northeast Italy, about 12 kilometres (7 mi) west-by-southwest of the three-border conjunction with Austria and Slovenia, and was the final battle before the end of the War of the First Coalition. In the battle, three divisions of a First French Republic army commanded by Napoleon Bonaparte attacked several columns of the retreating Habsburg Austrian army led by Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen. In three days of confused fighting, French divisions directed by André Masséna, Jean Joseph Guieu, and Jean-Mathieu-Philibert Sérurier succeeded in blocking the Tarvis Pass and capturing 3,500 Austrians led by Adam Bajalics von Bajahaza. The engagement occurred during the War of the First Coalition, part of the French Revolutionary Wars. After Bonaparte's capture of the fortress of Mantua in early February 1797, he cleared his south flank by crushing the army of the Papal States. Reinforced with forces from the Rhine front, Bonaparte was determined to drive the Austrian army from northeast Italy. His offensive began in March and consisted of a secondary drive through the County of Tyrol by Barthélemy Catherine Joubert's left wing and an eastward thrust by Bonaparte's main army. The main French army soon drove the archduke's forces into headlong retreat while Joubert battled with Wilhelm Lothar Maria von Kerpen in the Tyrol. Charles tried to hold the Tarvis Pass against the French by sending three columns of reinforcements, but they found the pass held by Masséna's French forces. While many Austrian troops fought their way out, the last column was trapped between three converging French divisions and compelled to surrender. A subsequent advance brought the French within 75 miles (121 km) of the Austrian capital of Vienna. In mid-April, Bonaparte proposed and the Austrians agreed to the Preliminaries of Leoben. Most of the terms were ratified by the Treaty of Campo Formio in October 1797, ending the long war. (en)
- La bataille de Tarvis a eu lieu près de Tarvisio, actuellement en région Frioul-Vénétie Julienne en Italie, du 21 au 23 mars 1797 pendant la guerre de la Première Coalition. Lors de cet affrontement, trois divisions d'une armée de la première République française commandée par Napoléon Bonaparte attaquent plusieurs colonnes de l'armée autrichienne dirigée par l'archiduc Charles-Louis d'Autriche-Teschen. Pendant trois jours de combats confus, les divisions françaises menées par Masséna, Guieu, et Sérurier réussissent à bloquer le col de Tarvis et capturent 3 500 Autrichiens sous les ordres d'Adam Bajalics von Bajahaza. Après la prise de la forteresse de Mantoue au début de février 1797, Bonaparte écrase sur son flanc sud l'armée des États pontificaux. Renforcé par le front du Rhin, il décide de repousser l'armée autrichienne hors du nord-est de l'Italie. L'offensive commence en mars par une manœuvre conjointe de l'aile gauche des troupes de Joubert dans le comté de Tyrol, et de l'armée principale de Bonaparte en direction de l'Est. Le gros de l'armée française force les troupes de l'archiduc à battre en retraite tandis que Joubert bat Wilhelm Lothar Maria von Kerpen dans le Tyrol. Charles-Louis tente de prendre le col de Tarvis en envoyant trois colonnes de renforts qui trouvent le col tenu par Masséna. Elles réussissent à se frayer un chemin mais la dernière colonne est prise au piège entre les trois divisions françaises et obligée de se rendre. Les Français s'approchent à 121 km de Vienne. À la mi-avril, Bonaparte propose aux Autrichiens le traité de Leoben. La plupart des conditions en sont ratifiées par le traité de Campo-Formio en octobre 1797. (fr)
- La battaglia di Tarvisio si svolge fra il 21 ed il 24 marzo 1797. L'armata della Prima Repubblica francese, guidata da Napoleone Bonaparte, sconfigge le truppe asburgiche comandate dall'arciduca Carlo d'Asburgo-Teschen e si apre la strada per l'Austria. (it)
- Бои за Тарвис (фр. Tarvis) — ряд боев, проведённых с 19 по 23 марта 1797 года во время Итальянской кампании 1796 — 97 г.г. французской армией под командованием Наполеона Бонапарта против отступающих колонн австрийской армии эрцгерцога Карла с целью недопущения их к проходу при Тарвисе (ныне Тарвизио) и разгрому. (ru)
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- The photo shows the terrain near Tarvisio. (en)
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- Napoleon Bonaparte (en)
- André Masséna (en)
- Archduke Charles (en)
- Adam Bajalics (en)
- Jean Joseph Guieu (en)
- Joseph Ocskay (en)
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- La battaglia di Tarvisio si svolge fra il 21 ed il 24 marzo 1797. L'armata della Prima Repubblica francese, guidata da Napoleone Bonaparte, sconfigge le truppe asburgiche comandate dall'arciduca Carlo d'Asburgo-Teschen e si apre la strada per l'Austria. (it)
- Бои за Тарвис (фр. Tarvis) — ряд боев, проведённых с 19 по 23 марта 1797 года во время Итальянской кампании 1796 — 97 г.г. французской армией под командованием Наполеона Бонапарта против отступающих колонн австрийской армии эрцгерцога Карла с целью недопущения их к проходу при Тарвисе (ныне Тарвизио) и разгрому. (ru)
- The Battle of Tarvis was fought during 21–23 March 1797 near present-day Tarvisio in far northeast Italy, about 12 kilometres (7 mi) west-by-southwest of the three-border conjunction with Austria and Slovenia, and was the final battle before the end of the War of the First Coalition. In the battle, three divisions of a First French Republic army commanded by Napoleon Bonaparte attacked several columns of the retreating Habsburg Austrian army led by Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen. In three days of confused fighting, French divisions directed by André Masséna, Jean Joseph Guieu, and Jean-Mathieu-Philibert Sérurier succeeded in blocking the Tarvis Pass and capturing 3,500 Austrians led by Adam Bajalics von Bajahaza. The engagement occurred during the War of the First Coalition, part of the (en)
- La bataille de Tarvis a eu lieu près de Tarvisio, actuellement en région Frioul-Vénétie Julienne en Italie, du 21 au 23 mars 1797 pendant la guerre de la Première Coalition. Lors de cet affrontement, trois divisions d'une armée de la première République française commandée par Napoléon Bonaparte attaquent plusieurs colonnes de l'armée autrichienne dirigée par l'archiduc Charles-Louis d'Autriche-Teschen. Pendant trois jours de combats confus, les divisions françaises menées par Masséna, Guieu, et Sérurier réussissent à bloquer le col de Tarvis et capturent 3 500 Autrichiens sous les ordres d'Adam Bajalics von Bajahaza. (fr)
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- Battle of Tarvis (1797) (en)
- Bataille de Tarvis (fr)
- Battaglia di Tarvisio (1797) (it)
- Бои за Тарвис (1797) (ru)
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