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The Battle of Renfrew was fought between the Kingdom of the Isles and the Kingdom of Scotland in 1164, near Renfrew, Scotland. The men of the Isles, accompanied by forces from the Kingdom of Dublin, were commanded by Somairle mac Gilla Brigte, King of the Isles. The identity of the Scottish commander is unrecorded and unknown. Herbert, Bishop of Glasgow, Baldwin, Sheriff of Lanark/Clydesdale, and Walter fitz Alan, Steward of Scotland are all possible candidates for this position. The battle was a disaster for the Islesmen and Dubliners. Somairle was slain in the encounter, apparently by local levies, and his forces were routed.

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  • The Battle of Renfrew was fought between the Kingdom of the Isles and the Kingdom of Scotland in 1164, near Renfrew, Scotland. The men of the Isles, accompanied by forces from the Kingdom of Dublin, were commanded by Somairle mac Gilla Brigte, King of the Isles. The identity of the Scottish commander is unrecorded and unknown. Herbert, Bishop of Glasgow, Baldwin, Sheriff of Lanark/Clydesdale, and Walter fitz Alan, Steward of Scotland are all possible candidates for this position. The battle was a disaster for the Islesmen and Dubliners. Somairle was slain in the encounter, apparently by local levies, and his forces were routed. Somairle first appears on record in the 1150s, when he is stated to have supported the cause of Máel Coluim mac Alasdair in a rebellion against Malcolm IV, King of Scotland. Máel Coluim was a member of a rival branch of the Scottish royal family, and his sons were closely related to Somairle. At about the time of the rebellion's collapse, Somairle appears to have shifted his energies from Scotland towards the Isles. In 1156, he wrested about half of the Kingdom of the Isles from his brother-in-law, Guðrøðr Óláfsson, King of the Isles. Two years later, Somairle decisively defeated Guðrøðr, gaining complete control of the kingdom. The reasons for Somairle's invasion of Scotland are uncertain. One possibility is that he was renewing his support for the sons of Máel Coluim. Another possibility is that he was attempting to conquer the southwest part of Scotland that may have only recently fallen under Scottish royal authority. This region had previously been occupied by the Gall Gaidheil, a people of mixed Scandinavian and Gaelic ethnicity, like Somairle himself. There is reason to suspect that this region was lost to the Scots upon the collapse of Máel Coluim's rebellion, and afterwards doled out to powerful Scottish magnates in the context of Scottish consolidation. Somairle may have also invaded the region in an attempt to counter a perceived threat that the Scots posed to his authority in the Firth of Clyde. The fact that the battle is said to have been fought at Renfrew, the seat of one of Walter's lordships, could indicate that he was a specific target. As a result of Somairle's death in battle, the Kingdom of the Isles fractured once again. Although Guðrøðr's brother, Rǫgnvaldr, is recorded to have gained power, Guðrøðr was able overcome him within the year. Upon Guðrøðr's reestablishment in the Isles, the realm was again divided between him and Somairle's descendants, in a partitioning that stemmed from Somairle's coup in 1156. The Battle of Renfrew may have been Malcolm's greatest victory. It is certainly the last major event of his reign on record. (en)
  • En la Batalla de Renfrew se enfrentaron el Reino de las Islas y el Reino de Escocia en 1164, cerca de Renfrew, Escocia. Los hombres de las Islas, acompañados por fuerzas del Reino de Dublín, estaban mandados por Somairle mac Gilla Brigte, Rey de las Islas. No hay registro de la identidad del comandante escocés y es desconocida. Herbert, Obispo de Glasgow, Baldwin, Sheriff de Lanark/Clydesdale, y Walter fitz Alan, mayordomo de Escocia son los candidatos posibles para este cargo. La batalla fue un desastre para Isleños y Dublineses. Somairle murió en el encuentro, aparentemente por reclutas locales, y sus fuerzas fueron derrotadas. Somairle aparece por primera vez en los registros en los años 1150, cuando se dice que apoyó la causa de Máel Coluim mac Alasdair en una rebelión en contra Malcolm IV, Rey de Escocia. Máel Coluim era miembro de una rama rival de la familia real escocesa, y sus hijos estaban estrechamente emparentados con Somairle. En la época en que la rebelión fracaso, Somairle parece haber cambiado sus energías de Escocia hacia las Islas. En 1156, disputó la mitad del Reino de las Islas a su cuñado, Guðrøðr Óláfsson. Dos años más tarde, Somairle derrotó decisivamente a Guðrøðr, obteniendo el control completo del reino. Las razones para la invasión de Escocia de Somairle son inciertas. Una posibilidad es que estuviera renovando su apoyo a los hijos de Máel Coluim. Otra posibilidad es que intentara conquistar la parte del suroeste de Escocia que había sido recientemente ocupado por la autoridad real escocesa. Esta región había sido ocupada con anterioridad por los Gall Gaidheil, un pueblo de etnia escandinava y gaélica, como el propio Somairle. Hay razones para sospechar que esta región pasó a manos de los escoceses tras el final de la rebelión de Máel Coluim, y después entregada a magnates escoceses en el contexto de consolidación del reino de Escocia. Somairle pudo haber invadido también la región en un intento de contrarrestar la amenaza percibida que los escoceses representaban para su autoridad en el Firth de Clyde. El hecho que la batalla tuviera lugar en Renfrew, la sede de uno de los señoríos de Walter fitzAlan, podría indicar que él era un objetivo concreto . A raíz de la muerte de Somairle en batalla, el Reino de las Islas se fracturó una vez más. A pesar de que está registrado que el hermano de Guðrøðr, Rǫgnvaldr, recuperó el poder, Guðrøðr fue capaz de recuperarse en un año. Tras la restauración de Guðrøðr en las Islas, el reino se dividió nuevamente entre él y los descendientes de Somairle, en una partición que tenía su raíz en el golpe de Somairle de 1156. La Batalla de Renfrew pudo haber sido la victoria más grande de Malcolm. Es ciertamente el último gran evento recordado de su reinado. (es)
  • Битва при Ренфру (англ. Renfrew; весна 1164 года) — сражение между войсками короля Островов Сомерледа и шотландским ополчением, которое считается одним из первых военных столкновений между гэльскими и англо-нормандскими силами в истории Шотландии. Поражение гэльско-норвежского войска Сомерледа способствовало быстрому проникновению феодализма в регионы Хайленда и западного побережья Шотландии. (ru)
dbo:combatant
  • Kingdom of Dublin
  • Kingdom of Scotland
  • Kingdom of the Isles
dbo:commander
dbo:place
dbo:result
  • Scottish victory
dbo:strength
  • 160 ships (possibly 6000–8000 men)
  • local levies?
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  • 3822134 (xsd:integer)
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  • 122847 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger)
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  • 1098428310 (xsd:integer)
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  • right (en)
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  • Refer to caption (en)
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  • Image a (en)
  • Image b (en)
dbp:combatant
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dbp:conflict
  • Battle of Renfrew (en)
dbp:date
  • 1164 (xsd:integer)
dbp:direction
  • horizontal (en)
dbp:footer
  • Nineteenth-century depictions of Walter's seal and counter-seal . The front of the seal displays a mounted knight with a shield, lance, and pennon. The counter-seal shows a warrior, holding with a spear or staff in his right hand, leaning against a pillar.ref|Walter's seal was attached to a charter of his to Melrose Abbey concerning the lands of Mauchline. The device is non-heraldic. Whilst the earliest known seal of his son, Alan, is also non-heraldic, a later one bears the earliest depiction of the heraldic fess chequy borne by the Stewart family.|group=note (en)
  • Twelfth-century secular lordships on the western seaboard of Scotland. These lordships, created by David I and Malcolm IV , appear to have carved out of territories previously occupied by the Gall Gaidheil . Somairle may have attempted to regain these lands from the Scots.ref|Walter's domain included the depicted regions of Strathgryfe, Renfrew, Mearns, and North Kyle. Clydesdale and South Kyle were royal lordships, whilst Cunningham was a Morville lordship.|group=note (en)
dbp:image
  • Walter fitz Alan .jpg (en)
  • Walter fitz Alan .png (en)
dbp:place
dbp:result
  • Scottish victory (en)
dbp:strength
  • 160 (xsd:integer)
  • local levies? (en)
dbp:width
  • (155 * 644 / 580) round 0 (en)
  • (155 * 815 / 794) round 0 (en)
  • (155 * 825 / 841) round 0 (en)
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  • Битва при Ренфру (англ. Renfrew; весна 1164 года) — сражение между войсками короля Островов Сомерледа и шотландским ополчением, которое считается одним из первых военных столкновений между гэльскими и англо-нормандскими силами в истории Шотландии. Поражение гэльско-норвежского войска Сомерледа способствовало быстрому проникновению феодализма в регионы Хайленда и западного побережья Шотландии. (ru)
  • The Battle of Renfrew was fought between the Kingdom of the Isles and the Kingdom of Scotland in 1164, near Renfrew, Scotland. The men of the Isles, accompanied by forces from the Kingdom of Dublin, were commanded by Somairle mac Gilla Brigte, King of the Isles. The identity of the Scottish commander is unrecorded and unknown. Herbert, Bishop of Glasgow, Baldwin, Sheriff of Lanark/Clydesdale, and Walter fitz Alan, Steward of Scotland are all possible candidates for this position. The battle was a disaster for the Islesmen and Dubliners. Somairle was slain in the encounter, apparently by local levies, and his forces were routed. (en)
  • En la Batalla de Renfrew se enfrentaron el Reino de las Islas y el Reino de Escocia en 1164, cerca de Renfrew, Escocia. Los hombres de las Islas, acompañados por fuerzas del Reino de Dublín, estaban mandados por Somairle mac Gilla Brigte, Rey de las Islas. No hay registro de la identidad del comandante escocés y es desconocida. Herbert, Obispo de Glasgow, Baldwin, Sheriff de Lanark/Clydesdale, y Walter fitz Alan, mayordomo de Escocia son los candidatos posibles para este cargo. La batalla fue un desastre para Isleños y Dublineses. Somairle murió en el encuentro, aparentemente por reclutas locales, y sus fuerzas fueron derrotadas. (es)
rdfs:label
  • Battle of Renfrew (en)
  • Batalla de Renfrew (es)
  • Битва при Ренфру (ru)
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  • Battle of Renfrew (en)
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