| dbo:abstract
|
- Die Schlacht von Tusculum (auch bekannt als Schlacht von Monte Porzio oder Schlacht bei Frascati) war eine militärische Auseinandersetzung im Rahmen der Italienpolitik des römisch-deutschen Kaisers Friedrich I. zwischen kaiserlichen Truppen und Truppen der Kommune von Rom am 29. Mai 1167. Den beiden für den Kaiser kämpfenden Erzbischöfen Christian von Mainz und Rainald von Dassel gelang es, das zahlenmäßig anscheinend überlegene stadtrömische Aufgebot einschließlich deren Verbündeten entscheidend zu schlagen. Die feindlichen Truppen hatten den Berichten zufolge hohe Verluste zu beklagen, während die kaiserlichen Truppen zahlreiche Gefangene machten. Der Kaiser erfuhr von dem Sieg der beiden Erzbischöfe, während er selbst die Stadt Ancona belagerte. Trotz dieses militärischen Erfolgs sollte der 4. Italienzug des Kaisers in einer Katastrophe enden, als das kaiserliche Heer kurz darauf durch einen Seuchenausbruch stark dezimiert wurde. Unter den Toten befand sich auch der hier erwähnte Rainald von Dassel, einer der engsten Berater des Kaisers. Der Kaiser geriet bald selbst in Bedrängnis, als sich Truppen der ihm feindlich gesinnten italienischen Kommunen vereinigten, so dass Friedrich schließlich aus Italien fliehen musste. (de)
- The Battle of Monte Porzio (also called the Battle of Tusculum) was fought on 29 May 1167 between the Holy Roman Empire and the Commune of Rome. The communal Roman army, which one historian has called the "greatest army which Rome had sent into the field in centuries", was defeated by the forces of the Emperor Frederick Barbarossa and his local allies, the Counts of Tusculum and the ruler of Albano. Comparing its effect on the city of Rome, one historian has called Monte Porzio the "Cannae of the Middle Ages". The site of the battle was the field between a small hill and the walls of the city of Tusculum, at a place called "Prataporci", about 25 km southeast of Rome. In his universal chronicle, the Chronica Universalis, the contemporary writer Sicard of Cremona describes the site of battle as "near Monte Porzio" (apud Montem Portium). The Battle of Monte Porzio is part of the long struggle between the Italian city-states and the Holy Roman Empire. In 1166, Barbarossa set out on an expedition to Italy with the intent of deposing the anti-imperialist Pope Alexander III and setting up his own antipope, Paschal III. He also sent two eminent prelates of the Empire, Archbishop Rainald of Cologne and Archbishop Christian of Mainz, commanding armies into Latium (the region around Rome) to subdue those city-states still opposing the power of the emperor. On 18 May, Rainald took Civitavecchia and then moved into the friendly city of Tusculum, possibly at the suggestion of Count Raino, an imperialist. The communal Roman army had been harassing Tusculum, a longtime rival. Pope Alexander, knowing that Barbarossa was likely to come to Raino's assistance, urged the Romans to abstain from attacking his city. It did not work: when the consul (leader) of the Roman commune learned of the arrival of Rainald at Tusculum, he sent an army to besiege the archbishop in the city. With the Roman army approaching, Count Raino and Archbishop Rainald sent word to Christian, who was away besieging Ancona on the coast, to come to their relief. Within Christian's army were the forces commanded by Bishop , and Count Robert III of Loritello. The total number of troops Christian was leading was about 1,300, which, according to Otto of Sankt Blasien, was a combination of 500 knights (milites in contemporary Latin) and 800 caesarianos (imperial troops). Otto places 300 men inside Tusculum. Other chroniclers claimed Christian had with him 1,000 cavalry and some Brabantine mercenaries. The lowest estimate of Christian's forces put it at 500 men. Christian encamped his army beside the hill and rested for a day while trying to negotiate a resolution. The communal Roman army refused Christian's diplomatic overtures and instead attacked with their whole force, numbering 10,000 poorly armed men, on Whitsunday. The name of the leader of the Roman force has not been preserved, but it may have been Oddo Frangipani. The Imperial forces were gravely outnumbered, but they were more disciplined and better armed. The Brabantines together with the cavalry from Rainald's city, Cologne, withstood the charge of the Roman infantry. Two sallies from Tusculum divided the Romans: one hitting their flank and one running through the centre. As the Roman cavalry fled the field, the Brabantines descended on the Roman camp. Only a third of the Roman army had made it inside Rome's walls before nightfall. Thousands were eventually taken prisoner and sent to Viterbo (including a son of Oddo Frangipani), and more were left dead on the field and the road. The pope and Oddo took refuge in the Colosseum (which at the time was fortified like a castle) and called in reinforcements. The city prepared for a siege. Later the pope fled to the city of Benevento and the Emperor entered Rome. The Imperial army, however, was hard hit by a wave of either malaria or plague, and Barbarossa withdrew his forces to Germany. (en)
- La batalla de Monte Porzio o batalla de Tusculum tuvo lugar el 29 de mayo de 1167 entre los ejércitos del Sacro Imperio y de la Comuna de Roma en el llano de "Prataporci", entre la pequeña colina de Monte Porzio Catone y las murallas Tusculum, a unos 25 kilómetros al sureste de Roma. En la Chronica Universalis, Sicardo situaba la batalla en un paraje "... cerca de Monte Porzio". En la batalla, el ejército de la "Comuna de Roma", el "mayor ejército que Roma había enviado al campo de batalla en siglos" fue derrotado por los ejércitos del Emperador del Sacro Imperio Federico I Barbarroja y de los príncipes locales de Tusculum y Albano. (es)
- La Bataille de Monte Porzio (aussi appelée bataille de Tusculum) s'est déroulée le 29 mai 1167. Elle opposait les forces armées du Saint-Empire romain germanique aux milices de la . Cette milice romaine, que l'historien Gregorovius a qualifié de « plus grande armée que Rome eut envoyé au combat depuis des siècles », est défaite par les forces de l'empereur Frédéric Barberousse et ses alliés locaux, les comtes de Tusculum et le seigneur d'Albano. (fr)
- Troideadh Cath Mhonte Porzio (ar a dtugtar Cath Tusculum freisin) ar an 29 Bealtaine 1167 idir Impireacht Naofa na Róimhe agus (Iodáilis: Comune di Roma). Chlaoigh fórsaí an Impire agus a chomhghuaillithe áitiúla, Comhaireamh Tusculum agus rialóir Albano, an t-arm Rómhánach comhchoiteann, a ghlaoigh staraí amháin air "an t-arm is mó a chuir an Róimh isteach sa bhlár catha leis na céadta bliain". Agus é ag plé tionchair an chatha ar chathair na Róimhe, thug staraí amháin le fios go raibh a éifeacht cosúil le "Cannae na Meánaoise." Bhí an blár catha idir cnoc beag agus ballaí chathair Tusculum, in áit ar a dtugtar "Prataporci", thart ar 25 km soir ó dheas ón Róimh. Sa Chronica Universalis cuireann an scríbhneoir comhaimseartha (Laidin: Sicardus Cremonensis) síos ar shuíomh an chatha mar “apud Montem Portium" ( Gaeilge:in aice le Monte Porzio) Tá Cath Mhonte Porzio mar . Sa bhliain 1166, thug Barbarossa amach faoi aistear go dtí an Iodáil leis an rún an Pápa Alaisdir III frith-impiriúil a bhris as oifig agus a fhrithphápaa féin Paschalis III a lonnú in áit. Chomh maith leis sin, chuir sé bheirt phrealáid iomráiteach ón Impireacht, Ardeaspag Köln, agus Ardeaspag Mainz , i gceannas ar airm isteach chuig Latium (an réigiún timpeall na Róimhe) chun na gcatharstát sin a bhí i gcoinne chumhacht an impire a chur faoi smacht. Ar an 18 Bealtaine, ghabh Rainald Civitavecchia agus ansin bhog sé ar aghaidh go cathair chairdiúil Tusculum, b'fhéidir ar mholadh an Chunta Raino, a bhí ina impiriúlaí. Bhí arm an Chomúin Rómhánaigh ag ciapadh Tusculum, céile comhraic le fada. Mhol an Pápa Alaisdir, agus a fhios aige gur dócha go dtiocfadh Barbarossa chun lámh chuidithe a thabhairt do Raino, na Rómhánaigh chun staonadh ó ionsaí a dhéanamh ar a chathair. Níor oibrigh sé: nuair a d'fhoghlaim an consal (ceannaire) de chuid an Chomúin Rómhánaigh gur tháinig Rainald go dtí Tusculum, chuir sé arm chun an t-ardeaspag a chur faoi léigear sa chathair. Agus an t-arm Rómhánach ag druidim leis, chuir an Cunta Raino agus an tArdeaspag Rainald focal chuig Christian, a bhí imithe ag imshuí Ancona ar an gcósta, chun teacht i gcabhair orthu. I measc arm Christian bhí na fórsaí a bhí faoi cheannas an Easpaig Alaisdir II de Liège, agus Comhaireamh Roberto III di Loritello. Ba é an líon iomlán trúpaí a bhí i gceannas Christiain ná thart ar 1,300, a bhí, dar le Otto von St. Blasien, ina chomhcheangal de 500 ridirí (Laidin: milites) agus 800 caesarianos (trúpaí impiriúla). Cuireann Otto 300 fear taobh istigh de Tusculum. Tugann croiniceoirí eile le fios go raibh 1,000 Marcra agus roinnt gallóglach Brabantach leis. De réir na meastachán is ísle bhí fórsaí 500 fear ag Christian. Chuir Christian a airm i gcampaa in aice leis an gcnoc agus chaith sé lá amháin agus é ag iarraidh teacht ar réiteach. Dhiúltaigh arm an Chomúin Rómhánaigh tairiscintí taidhleoireachta Christiain agus ina ionad sin rinne siad ionsaí lena bhfórsa iomláin, ab'ionann iad agus 10,000 fear a bhí drocharmtha, Dé Domhnaigh na Cincíse. Níor caomhnaíodh ainm cheannaire an fhórsa Rómhánaigh, ach b'fhéidir gurbh é Oddo Frangipani é. Bhí fórsaí níos líonmhaire ag Común na Róimhe ná fórsaí an Impire, ach bhí fórsaí an Impire faoi diansmacht agus freisin bhí sais dea-armtha. Sheas na Brabantaigh, mar aon leis an marcra ó chathair Rainald, Köln, in aghaidh lucht coisithe na Róimhe. Roinn dhá ruathar ó Tusculum na Rómhánaigh: ceann amháin ag bualadh a gcliatháin agus ceann eile ag rith tríd an lár. De réir mar a theith an marcra Rómhánach as an bpáirc, thug na Brabantaigh fogha faoin gcampa Rómhánach. Ní raibh ach an tríú cuid den arm Rómhánach in ann cúlú taobh istigh de bhallaí na Róimhe roimh titim na hoíche. Tógadh na mílte príosúnach ar deireadh thiar agus cuireadh iad chuig Viterbo (mac Oddo Frangipani san áireamh), agus fágadh níos mó marbh ar an bplár agus ar an mbóthar. Bhain an Pápa agus Oddo tearmann amach sa Colosseum (a bhí daingnithe mar chaisleán ag an am) agus a d'éiligh siad trúpaí athneartaithe. D'ullmhaigh an chathair le haghaidh léigir. Níos déanaí ar aghaidh theith an pápa go cathair Benevento agus tháinig an tImpire isteach sa Róimh. Bhí an arm Impiriúil, áfach, buailte go dona ag ráig de nó den phlá, agus tharraing Barbarossa a chuid fórsaí siar go dtí an Ghearmáin. (ga)
- De Slag bij Tusculum (ook bekend als Slag bij Monte Porzio of Slag bij Frascati) was een militair conflict in het kader van de Italië-politiek van de rooms-Duitse keizer Frederik I Barbarossa tussen keizerlijke troepen en troepen van de op 29 mei 1167. Het vond plaats bij de ruïnes van Tusculum in Lazio; Monte Porzio Catone of Frascati zijn plaatsjes in de buurt. De beide voor de keizer strijdende aartsbisschoppen Christiaan van Mainz en Reinald van Dassel slaagden erin de, getalsmatig vermoedelijk superieure, troepen van de stad Rome met inbegrip van hun bondgenoten een beslissende nederlaag toe te brengen. De troepen van de stad Rome hadden volgens de bronnen grote verliezen geleden, terwijl de keizerlijke troepen talrijke gevangenen hadden gemaakt. De keizer vernam de zege van beide aartsbisschoppen, terwijl hij zelf de stad Ancona belegerde. Ondanks dit militair succes zou de vierde Italiëtocht van de keizer in een catastrofe eindigen, toen het keizerlijke leger kort daarop door een malaria-uitbraak sterk gedecimeerd werd. Onder de doden bevond ook de reeds vermelde Reinald van Dassel, een van de meest naaste raadsmannen van de keizer. De keizer geraakte zelf in het nauw, toen de troepen van de hem vijandig gezinde Italiaanse communes zich verenigden, zodat Frederik ten slotte Italië moest ontvluchten. (nl)
- La battaglia di Prata Porci, o di Monte Porzio, fu combattuta il 29 maggio 1167, presso una piana fuori le mura della città di Tuscolo, nei pressi dell'attuale cittadina di Monte Porzio Catone, tra le truppe imperiali di Federico I Barbarossa, appoggiate dalla città di Tuscolo, e le truppe pontificie e civili di Roma. Nella Cronaca di Sicardo è riportato il luogo della battaglia: "...apud Montem Portium". (it)
|
| rdfs:comment
|
- La Bataille de Monte Porzio (aussi appelée bataille de Tusculum) s'est déroulée le 29 mai 1167. Elle opposait les forces armées du Saint-Empire romain germanique aux milices de la . Cette milice romaine, que l'historien Gregorovius a qualifié de « plus grande armée que Rome eut envoyé au combat depuis des siècles », est défaite par les forces de l'empereur Frédéric Barberousse et ses alliés locaux, les comtes de Tusculum et le seigneur d'Albano. (fr)
- La battaglia di Prata Porci, o di Monte Porzio, fu combattuta il 29 maggio 1167, presso una piana fuori le mura della città di Tuscolo, nei pressi dell'attuale cittadina di Monte Porzio Catone, tra le truppe imperiali di Federico I Barbarossa, appoggiate dalla città di Tuscolo, e le truppe pontificie e civili di Roma. Nella Cronaca di Sicardo è riportato il luogo della battaglia: "...apud Montem Portium". (it)
- Die Schlacht von Tusculum (auch bekannt als Schlacht von Monte Porzio oder Schlacht bei Frascati) war eine militärische Auseinandersetzung im Rahmen der Italienpolitik des römisch-deutschen Kaisers Friedrich I. zwischen kaiserlichen Truppen und Truppen der Kommune von Rom am 29. Mai 1167. Den beiden für den Kaiser kämpfenden Erzbischöfen Christian von Mainz und Rainald von Dassel gelang es, das zahlenmäßig anscheinend überlegene stadtrömische Aufgebot einschließlich deren Verbündeten entscheidend zu schlagen. Die feindlichen Truppen hatten den Berichten zufolge hohe Verluste zu beklagen, während die kaiserlichen Truppen zahlreiche Gefangene machten. Der Kaiser erfuhr von dem Sieg der beiden Erzbischöfe, während er selbst die Stadt Ancona belagerte. (de)
- The Battle of Monte Porzio (also called the Battle of Tusculum) was fought on 29 May 1167 between the Holy Roman Empire and the Commune of Rome. The communal Roman army, which one historian has called the "greatest army which Rome had sent into the field in centuries", was defeated by the forces of the Emperor Frederick Barbarossa and his local allies, the Counts of Tusculum and the ruler of Albano. Comparing its effect on the city of Rome, one historian has called Monte Porzio the "Cannae of the Middle Ages". (en)
- La batalla de Monte Porzio o batalla de Tusculum tuvo lugar el 29 de mayo de 1167 entre los ejércitos del Sacro Imperio y de la Comuna de Roma en el llano de "Prataporci", entre la pequeña colina de Monte Porzio Catone y las murallas Tusculum, a unos 25 kilómetros al sureste de Roma. En la Chronica Universalis, Sicardo situaba la batalla en un paraje "... cerca de Monte Porzio". (es)
- Troideadh Cath Mhonte Porzio (ar a dtugtar Cath Tusculum freisin) ar an 29 Bealtaine 1167 idir Impireacht Naofa na Róimhe agus (Iodáilis: Comune di Roma). Chlaoigh fórsaí an Impire agus a chomhghuaillithe áitiúla, Comhaireamh Tusculum agus rialóir Albano, an t-arm Rómhánach comhchoiteann, a ghlaoigh staraí amháin air "an t-arm is mó a chuir an Róimh isteach sa bhlár catha leis na céadta bliain". Agus é ag plé tionchair an chatha ar chathair na Róimhe, thug staraí amháin le fios go raibh a éifeacht cosúil le "Cannae na Meánaoise." (ga)
- De Slag bij Tusculum (ook bekend als Slag bij Monte Porzio of Slag bij Frascati) was een militair conflict in het kader van de Italië-politiek van de rooms-Duitse keizer Frederik I Barbarossa tussen keizerlijke troepen en troepen van de op 29 mei 1167. Het vond plaats bij de ruïnes van Tusculum in Lazio; Monte Porzio Catone of Frascati zijn plaatsjes in de buurt. (nl)
|
