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- La batalla de Largs és una batalla que va tenir lloc el 2 d'octubre de 1263 prop de Largs (North Ayrshire) entre Noruega i Escòcia. (ca)
- Die Schlacht von Largs war eine Schlacht während des Norwegisch-Schottischen Kriegs von 1263 bis 1266. Sie fand am 2. Oktober 1263 bei Largs in Schottland statt und endete ohne eindeutigen Sieger. (de)
- The Battle of Largs (2 October 1263) was a battle between the kingdoms of Norway and Scotland, on the Firth of Clyde near Largs, Scotland. Through it, Scotland achieved the end of 500 years of Norse Viking depredations and invasions despite being tremendously outnumbered, without a one-sided military victory in the ensuing battle. The victory caused the complete retreat of Norwegian forces from western Scotland and the realm entered a period of prosperity for almost 40 years. The tactical decision at Largs thus led to a sweeping strategic victory that ended in Scotland purchasing the Hebrides Islands and the Isle of Man in the Treaty of Perth, 1266. Victory was achieved with a crafty three-tiered strategy on the part of the young Scottish king, Alexander III: plodding diplomacy forced the campaign to bad weather months and a ferocious storm ravaged the Norwegian fleet, stripping it of many vessels and supplies and making the forces on the Scottish coast vulnerable to an attack that forced the Norwegians into a hasty retreat that was to end their 500-year history of invasion and leave Scotland to consolidate its resources into building the nation. The conflict formed part of the Norwegian expedition against Scotland in 1263, in which Haakon Haakonsson, King of Norway attempted to reassert Norwegian sovereignty over the western seaboard of Scotland. Since the beginning of the 12th century the Largs/Ayrshire region of Scotland had lain at the periphery of the Norwegian realm, ruled by magnates who recognised the overlordship of the kings of Norway. In the mid-13th century, two Scottish kings, Alexander II and his son Alexander III, attempted to incorporate the region into their own realm. Following Alexander III's early, failed attempts to purchase the islands from the Norwegian king, the Scots launched military operations to end the issue altogether by asserting royal sovereignty over all of western Scotland. Haakon responded to the Scottish aggression by leading a massive Norwegian fleet, thought to number in the thousands of vessels, that reached the Hebrides in the summer of 1263. Realizing that the Scots were tremendously outnumbered by an experienced and mobile enemy, Alexander III sought a protracted diplomatic intervention that would buy time to acquire more troops and possibly force the Norwegians into the stormy autumn and winter months where an invasion could be stalled due to weather. By late September, Haakon's fleet occupied the Firth of Clyde and the temperate days — such as they are on the western coast of Scotland — were almost at an end. When negotiations between the kingdoms broke down, Haakon brought the bulk of his fleet to anchor off the Cumbraes, poised to invade Scotland at a site of his choosing. On the night of 1 October, during a bout of stormy weather, several Norwegian vessels were driven aground on the Ayrshire coast, near present-day Largs. On 2 October, while the Norwegians were salvaging their vessels, the main Scottish army arrived on the scene. Composed of infantry and cavalry, the Scottish force was commanded by Alexander of Dundonald, Steward of Scotland. The Norwegians were gathered in two groups: the larger main force on the beach and a small contingent atop a nearby mound. The advance of the Scots threatened to divide the Norwegian forces, so the contingent on the mound ran to rejoin their comrades on the beach below. Seeing them running from the mound, the Norwegians on the beach believed they were retreating and fled back towards the ships. There was fierce fighting on the beach, and the Scots took up a position on the mound formerly held by the Norwegians. Late in the day, after several hours of skirmishing, the Norwegians recaptured the mound. The Scots withdrew from the scene and the Norwegians reboarded their ships. They returned the next morning to collect their dead. With the weather deteriorating, Haakon's fleet sailed to Orkney to overwinter. The battle of Largs has been characterized by later historians as a great Scottish victory, but its strategic ramifications far outstripped its tactical cost as it involved only a small part of the Norwegian fleet. With his fleet and forces strewn about the Hebrides, Haakon fully intended to continue to campaign after spending the winter in Orkney and reconcentrating his forces, but he was taken ill in the dismal climate and died there. His illness is thought to have been caused in part by the stresses he endured in the long campaign and the difficult, damp environment of the Orkney Islands. The protracted diplomacy that had slowed his invasion had ultimately helped seal his own fate as well. With Haakon's death, his successor, Magnus Haakonarson, King of Norway, signed the Treaty of Perth three years after the battle, leasing Scotland's western seaboard to Alexander III in return for a yearly payment. This lease became permanent, but the Kingdom of Scotland eventually stopped paying the Norwegian crown for the islands when Norway became distracted by civil wars. Although the Battle of Largs' contemporary records were largely lost to history with the loss of the Scottish archives in the wars of independence, it is for historians today to judge it by its ultimate, easily understood consequence: the end of a multi-century era of Norse invasion. The Battle greatly influenced clan history, especially that of the Boyds, Cunninghams, and Muirs, all which point directly to participation in this battle as key to the grant of lands in Ayrshire. In the case of the Boyd family, its motto "Confido" (I Trust) was a direct quote from Alexander III at Largs. Alexander III depended on Boyd's detachment to keep the Norwegians off Gold Berry Hill and enveloped on the beach. The name "Gold Berry" was placed under their early heraldic devices. The battle is commemorated in Largs by an early 20th-century monument, and festivities held there annually since the 1980s. (en)
- La batalla de Largs fue un enfrentamiento militar entre los ejércitos de Noruega y Escocia que tuvo lugar cerca de la actual localidad de Largs en North Ayrshire, en el Firth of Clyde (Escocia), el 2 de octubre de 1263. Fue el principal enfrentamiento de la breve guerra noruego-escocesa. Las tropas noruegas estaban dirigidas por el rey Haakon IV de Noruega y las escocesas por Alejandro III de Escocia; el resultado de la batalla no fue concluyente, pero a largo plazo fue favorable a los escoceses. (es)
- La bataille de Largs est une bataille qui eut lieu le 2 octobre 1263 près de Largs (North Ayrshire) entre la Norvège et l'Écosse. Lors de la guerre écosso-norvégienne (1262-1266), les équipages de cinq navires norvégiens débarqués sur la côte furent massacrés par les archers écossais. Les Norvégiens ne purent établir une tête de pont et furent contraints de réembarquer le soir après avoir obtenu une trêve. Ce fut le plus important « engagement militaire » du conflit. Les forces norvégiennes étaient dirigées par le roi Håkon IV, et les forces écossaises du roi Alexandre III par le grand sénéchal Alexandre Stuart. Le résultat fut mitigé, mais, à long terme, favorable à l'Écosse. (fr)
- De Slag bij Largs was een gevecht tussen het leger van Noorwegen en het koninkrijk Schotland bij het huidige Largs. Het was de enige slag in de Schots-Noorse Oorlog. (nl)
- La battaglia di Largs fu uno scontro combattuto il 2 ottobre 1263 tra gli eserciti di Norvegia e Scozia nei pressi dell'attuale città di Largs, in Ayrshire Settentrionale, sul Firth of Clyde in Scozia. Si trattò di una battaglia molto importante all'interno della Guerra scozzese-norvegese. I norvegesi erano guidati da re Haakon IV di Norvegia, mentre gli scozzesi da re Alessandro III di Scozia. Il risultato fu un pareggio, anche se a lungo andare favorì gli scozzesi. (it)
- Bitwa pod Largs - starcie zbrojne stoczone 2 października 1263 między siłami króla Szkocji Aleksandra III, a wojskiem norweskim pod wodzą króla Haakona IV, zakończone klęską Norwegów. Królowie szkoccy planowali odebranie Norwegom Hebrydów, udało się to dopiero Aleksandrowi III (1241-1286). Latem 1263 król Norwegii Haakon IV (1204-1263) wysłał więc do Largs (zachodnie wybrzeże Szkocji) wielką flotę złożoną ze stu okrętów. Aleksander sprytnie przeciągnął negocjacje aż do jesieni, kiedy to standardowe dla tej pory roku sztormy rozbiły i zniszczyły tak wiele okrętów norweskich, że ewentualna bitwa morska musiałaby się skończyć porażką Norwegów. Haakon zdecydował się więc na bitwę lądową, którą przegrał pod Largs nad rzeką Clyde. Uciekając, król Norwegii zachorował i zmarł w Kirkwall na Orkadach. Jego następca Magnus VI (1238-1280) zawarł z Aleksandrem w 1266 roku traktat w Perth, w którym zrzekł się praw do Hebrydów oraz wyspy Man. (pl)
- Slaget om Largs var den enda större drabbningen under . Den ägde rum nära Largs i North Ayrshire på Firth of Clyde i Skottland den 2 oktober 1263. Den norska styrkan leddes av Håkon Håkonsson och skottarna av Alexander III av Skottland. Slaget var inte utslagsgivande på kort sikt, men eftersom Norge hindrades från att nå sina krigsmål, var det utslagsgivande på längre sikt. (sv)
- Битва при Ларгсе (англ. Largs) — одно из важнейших сражений в истории ранне-средневековой Шотландии между королём Норвегии Хоконом IV Старым и шотландскими войсками, произошедшее 2 октября 1263 года. Несмотря на то, что исход сражения не выявил явного превосходства ни одной из сторон, в долгосрочной перспективе Шотландия оказалась в выигрыше, присоединив по результатам битвы Гебридские острова. (ru)
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- La batalla de Largs és una batalla que va tenir lloc el 2 d'octubre de 1263 prop de Largs (North Ayrshire) entre Noruega i Escòcia. (ca)
- Die Schlacht von Largs war eine Schlacht während des Norwegisch-Schottischen Kriegs von 1263 bis 1266. Sie fand am 2. Oktober 1263 bei Largs in Schottland statt und endete ohne eindeutigen Sieger. (de)
- La batalla de Largs fue un enfrentamiento militar entre los ejércitos de Noruega y Escocia que tuvo lugar cerca de la actual localidad de Largs en North Ayrshire, en el Firth of Clyde (Escocia), el 2 de octubre de 1263. Fue el principal enfrentamiento de la breve guerra noruego-escocesa. Las tropas noruegas estaban dirigidas por el rey Haakon IV de Noruega y las escocesas por Alejandro III de Escocia; el resultado de la batalla no fue concluyente, pero a largo plazo fue favorable a los escoceses. (es)
- La bataille de Largs est une bataille qui eut lieu le 2 octobre 1263 près de Largs (North Ayrshire) entre la Norvège et l'Écosse. Lors de la guerre écosso-norvégienne (1262-1266), les équipages de cinq navires norvégiens débarqués sur la côte furent massacrés par les archers écossais. Les Norvégiens ne purent établir une tête de pont et furent contraints de réembarquer le soir après avoir obtenu une trêve. Ce fut le plus important « engagement militaire » du conflit. Les forces norvégiennes étaient dirigées par le roi Håkon IV, et les forces écossaises du roi Alexandre III par le grand sénéchal Alexandre Stuart. Le résultat fut mitigé, mais, à long terme, favorable à l'Écosse. (fr)
- De Slag bij Largs was een gevecht tussen het leger van Noorwegen en het koninkrijk Schotland bij het huidige Largs. Het was de enige slag in de Schots-Noorse Oorlog. (nl)
- La battaglia di Largs fu uno scontro combattuto il 2 ottobre 1263 tra gli eserciti di Norvegia e Scozia nei pressi dell'attuale città di Largs, in Ayrshire Settentrionale, sul Firth of Clyde in Scozia. Si trattò di una battaglia molto importante all'interno della Guerra scozzese-norvegese. I norvegesi erano guidati da re Haakon IV di Norvegia, mentre gli scozzesi da re Alessandro III di Scozia. Il risultato fu un pareggio, anche se a lungo andare favorì gli scozzesi. (it)
- Slaget om Largs var den enda större drabbningen under . Den ägde rum nära Largs i North Ayrshire på Firth of Clyde i Skottland den 2 oktober 1263. Den norska styrkan leddes av Håkon Håkonsson och skottarna av Alexander III av Skottland. Slaget var inte utslagsgivande på kort sikt, men eftersom Norge hindrades från att nå sina krigsmål, var det utslagsgivande på längre sikt. (sv)
- Битва при Ларгсе (англ. Largs) — одно из важнейших сражений в истории ранне-средневековой Шотландии между королём Норвегии Хоконом IV Старым и шотландскими войсками, произошедшее 2 октября 1263 года. Несмотря на то, что исход сражения не выявил явного превосходства ни одной из сторон, в долгосрочной перспективе Шотландия оказалась в выигрыше, присоединив по результатам битвы Гебридские острова. (ru)
- The Battle of Largs (2 October 1263) was a battle between the kingdoms of Norway and Scotland, on the Firth of Clyde near Largs, Scotland. Through it, Scotland achieved the end of 500 years of Norse Viking depredations and invasions despite being tremendously outnumbered, without a one-sided military victory in the ensuing battle. The victory caused the complete retreat of Norwegian forces from western Scotland and the realm entered a period of prosperity for almost 40 years. The tactical decision at Largs thus led to a sweeping strategic victory that ended in Scotland purchasing the Hebrides Islands and the Isle of Man in the Treaty of Perth, 1266. Victory was achieved with a crafty three-tiered strategy on the part of the young Scottish king, Alexander III: plodding diplomacy forced the (en)
- Bitwa pod Largs - starcie zbrojne stoczone 2 października 1263 między siłami króla Szkocji Aleksandra III, a wojskiem norweskim pod wodzą króla Haakona IV, zakończone klęską Norwegów. Królowie szkoccy planowali odebranie Norwegom Hebrydów, udało się to dopiero Aleksandrowi III (1241-1286). Latem 1263 król Norwegii Haakon IV (1204-1263) wysłał więc do Largs (zachodnie wybrzeże Szkocji) wielką flotę złożoną ze stu okrętów. Aleksander sprytnie przeciągnął negocjacje aż do jesieni, kiedy to standardowe dla tej pory roku sztormy rozbiły i zniszczyły tak wiele okrętów norweskich, że ewentualna bitwa morska musiałaby się skończyć porażką Norwegów. Haakon zdecydował się więc na bitwę lądową, którą przegrał pod Largs nad rzeką Clyde. Uciekając, król Norwegii zachorował i zmarł w Kirkwall na Ork (pl)
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