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Basic fighter maneuvers (BFM) are tactical movements performed by fighter aircraft during air combat maneuvering (ACM, also called dogfighting), to gain a positional advantage over the opponent. BFM combines the fundamentals of aerodynamic flight and the geometry of pursuit, with the physics of managing the aircraft's energy-to-mass ratio, called its specific energy. Situational awareness is often taught as the best tactical defense, removing the possibility of an attacker getting or remaining behind the pilot; even with speed, a fighter is open to attack from the rear.

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  • Basic fighter maneuvers (BFM) are tactical movements performed by fighter aircraft during air combat maneuvering (ACM, also called dogfighting), to gain a positional advantage over the opponent. BFM combines the fundamentals of aerodynamic flight and the geometry of pursuit, with the physics of managing the aircraft's energy-to-mass ratio, called its specific energy. Maneuvers are used to gain a better angular position in relation to the opponent. They can be offensive, to help an attacker gain an advantage on an enemy; or defensive, to help the defender evade an attacker's weapons. They can also be neutral, where both opponents strive for an offensive position or disengagement maneuvers, to help an escape. Classic maneuvers include the lag pursuit or yo-yo, which add distance when the attacker may overshoot the target due to higher airspeed, the low yo-yo, which does the opposite when the attacker is flying too slow, the scissors, which attempts to drive the attacker in front of the defender, and the defensive spiral, which allows a defender to disengage from an attacker. Situational awareness is often taught as the best tactical defense, removing the possibility of an attacker getting or remaining behind the pilot; even with speed, a fighter is open to attack from the rear. (en)
  • Luftkampfmanöver sind Flugmanöver, die im Luftkampf verwendet werden. Sie entstanden im Ersten Weltkrieg und werden seitdem entsprechend dem technischen Fortschritt der Flugzeuge weiterentwickelt. Zweck eines Luftkampfmanövers ist es, in eine günstige Angriffsposition zu einem anderen Flugzeug zu kommen oder in eine günstige Position zur Flucht. Dabei werden die aerodynamischen und motorischen Limitierungen des jeweiligen Flugzeuges erreicht. Die daraus entstandenen Flugfiguren werden in Friedenszeiten als Kunstflug vorgeführt. (de)
  • 空中戦闘機動(Air Combat Manoeuvring、ACM、くうちゅうせんとうきどう)とは、戦闘機が空中戦の際に使用するマニューバ(空中動作、航空機動作)である。単機または複数機によるマニューバがある。航空戦術に含まれる。 (ja)
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  • Luftkampfmanöver sind Flugmanöver, die im Luftkampf verwendet werden. Sie entstanden im Ersten Weltkrieg und werden seitdem entsprechend dem technischen Fortschritt der Flugzeuge weiterentwickelt. Zweck eines Luftkampfmanövers ist es, in eine günstige Angriffsposition zu einem anderen Flugzeug zu kommen oder in eine günstige Position zur Flucht. Dabei werden die aerodynamischen und motorischen Limitierungen des jeweiligen Flugzeuges erreicht. Die daraus entstandenen Flugfiguren werden in Friedenszeiten als Kunstflug vorgeführt. (de)
  • 空中戦闘機動(Air Combat Manoeuvring、ACM、くうちゅうせんとうきどう)とは、戦闘機が空中戦の際に使用するマニューバ(空中動作、航空機動作)である。単機または複数機によるマニューバがある。航空戦術に含まれる。 (ja)
  • Basic fighter maneuvers (BFM) are tactical movements performed by fighter aircraft during air combat maneuvering (ACM, also called dogfighting), to gain a positional advantage over the opponent. BFM combines the fundamentals of aerodynamic flight and the geometry of pursuit, with the physics of managing the aircraft's energy-to-mass ratio, called its specific energy. Situational awareness is often taught as the best tactical defense, removing the possibility of an attacker getting or remaining behind the pilot; even with speed, a fighter is open to attack from the rear. (en)
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  • Luftkampfmanöver (de)
  • Basic fighter maneuvers (en)
  • 空中戦闘機動 (ja)
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