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Statements

Subject Item
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Czesław Młot-Fijałkowski 切斯瓦夫·姆沃特-菲亚乌科夫斯基 Czesław Młot-Fijałkowski
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Czesław Młot-Fijałkowski (ur. 14 kwietnia 1892 w Okalewie, zm. 17 kwietnia 1944 w Murnau am Staffelsee) – polski dowódca wojskowy, generał brygady Wojska Polskiego, uczestnik walk o niepodległość Polski w wojnie z bolszewikami oraz podczas I i II wojny światowej, wolnomularz, członek loży wolnomularskiej Tomasz Zan w Wilnie. 切斯瓦夫·姆沃特-菲亚乌科夫斯基（波蘭語：Czesław Młot-Fijałkowski，1892年–1944年），波兰军官，衔至准将。 1892年4月14日，切斯瓦夫·菲亚乌科夫斯基在（现位于，时属俄罗斯帝国）出生。1912年，他从斯凯梅维采的一所中等专业学校毕业，离开波兰会议王国，来到列日，就读列日大学。他加入当地的组织，成为该组织比利时分支的首领。第一次世界大战爆发后，他回到波兰，在1914年8月加入。他投身前线，先在军团第5步兵团指挥一个排，后来指挥一个连，最终指挥一个营。那时他获得昵称“姆沃特”（Młot，波兰语中意为“铁锤”），这个昵称后来成为他的姓的一部分。1917年后，他被囚禁在，但在1918年5月被释放，并被获准加入，同时与波兰军事组织秘密合作。 早在1918年11月姆沃特-菲亚乌科夫斯基便以上尉衔加入重建的波兰陆军，参与保卫以抵御，后来参与波乌战争。在被证实为少校后，他在1920年晋升为中校。菲亚乌科夫斯基在波苏战争中担当参谋职务，为期几乎一年。1920年代末他成为驻扎在普乌图斯克的第13步兵团指挥官，随后晋升为上校。作为和平年代富有经验的指挥官，他先后在（副指挥官；1926年-1928年）和（1928年-1929年）担当指挥职务。1930年，他再次晋升为准将，并被委派到驻扎在沃姆扎的，直到战间期结束前，他一直指挥此师。 Czesław Młot-Fijałkowski (1892–1944) was a Polish military officer and a brigadier general of the Polish Army. Czesław Fijałkowski was born on 14 April 1892 in Okalewo (now in Rypin County), in the Płock Governorate of Congress Poland, then part of the Russian Empire. In 1912 he graduated from a trade school in Skierniewice and left Congress Poland for Liège, where he joined the University of Liège. There he joined the Polish Rifle Squads organization and became the head of its local branch in Belgium. Following the outbreak of World War I he returned to Poland and joined the Polish Legions already in August 1914. He served on the front, commanding a platoon, a company and eventually a battalion of the 5th Legions' Infantry Regiment. Around that time he earned the nickname of Młot (Polish
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Czesław Młot-Fijałkowski (ur. 14 kwietnia 1892 w Okalewie, zm. 17 kwietnia 1944 w Murnau am Staffelsee) – polski dowódca wojskowy, generał brygady Wojska Polskiego, uczestnik walk o niepodległość Polski w wojnie z bolszewikami oraz podczas I i II wojny światowej, wolnomularz, członek loży wolnomularskiej Tomasz Zan w Wilnie. Czesław Młot-Fijałkowski (1892–1944) was a Polish military officer and a brigadier general of the Polish Army. Czesław Fijałkowski was born on 14 April 1892 in Okalewo (now in Rypin County), in the Płock Governorate of Congress Poland, then part of the Russian Empire. In 1912 he graduated from a trade school in Skierniewice and left Congress Poland for Liège, where he joined the University of Liège. There he joined the Polish Rifle Squads organization and became the head of its local branch in Belgium. Following the outbreak of World War I he returned to Poland and joined the Polish Legions already in August 1914. He served on the front, commanding a platoon, a company and eventually a battalion of the 5th Legions' Infantry Regiment. Around that time he earned the nickname of Młot (Polish for Hammer), which afterwards became part of his surname. Following the Oath crisis of 1917 he was interned in Beniaminów, but was released in May 1918 and was allowed to join the Polnische Wehrmacht, at the same time secretly cooperating with the Polish Military Organization. Already in November 1918 he joined the reborn Polish Army in the rank of Kapitan and took part in the defence of Cieszyn Silesia against the Czechoslovak invasion and later in the Polish–Ukrainian War. Verified in the rank of major, in 1920 he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel. After almost a year of staff duties during the Polish–Soviet War, in late 1920 he became the commanding officer of the Pułtusk-based 13th Infantry Regiment and then in 1923 promoted to the rank of colonel. A skilled peacetime commander, he held command posts in the Polish 26th Infantry Division (deputy CO; 1926–1928) and then Polish 7th Infantry Division (1928–1929). In 1930 he was again promoted, this time to the rank of brigadier general, and assigned to the Łomża-based Polish 18th Infantry Division, which he commanded until the end of the interbellum. In 1939, during the mobilization for the War with Germany, he was named the CO of the newly formed , a Corps-sized unit that was to defend the Polish border between the Narew river and the border with Lithuania, along the Biebrza river line. With two cavalry brigades and two infantry divisions (11th and 33rd) under his command, Młot-Fijałkowski ordered his units to probe the enemy and reconnaissance the enemy territory. Thus his unit became the only Polish detachment to cross into Germany during the Polish Defensive War. However, the Modlin Army stationed to the west of his troops was forced to steadily withdraw southwards, and on 7 September 1939 Młot-Fijałkowski's unit was ordered the same. However, by that time the managed to defeat the Polish 18th Infantry Division and outflank the Polish unit, which had to break through with significant losses on both sides. In the effect only the cavalry brigades survived and were commanded from then on by Gen. Zygmunt Podhorski, while Młot-Fijałkowski became a member of his staff. Together with Podhorski's improvised unit Młot-Fijałkowski reached Białowieża on 20 September, where a new cavalry division Zaza was being formed. Immediately it started a fast march southwards in order to link up with other Polish units fighting in the area of Lublin and Tomaszów Lubelski. On 29 September it finally reached the Wieprz River area, where it became a part of Gen. Franciszek Kleeberg's Independent Operational Group Polesie. With that unit Czesław Młot-Fijałkowski took part in the battle of Kock, the last major engagement of the Polish campaign. Taken prisoner of war by the Germans, Młot-Fijałkowski spent the rest of the war in various German POW camps. Among them were the Oflag IV-B Koenigstein and Oflag VII-A Murnau, where he died on 17 April 1944. 切斯瓦夫·姆沃特-菲亚乌科夫斯基（波蘭語：Czesław Młot-Fijałkowski，1892年–1944年），波兰军官，衔至准将。 1892年4月14日，切斯瓦夫·菲亚乌科夫斯基在（现位于，时属俄罗斯帝国）出生。1912年，他从斯凯梅维采的一所中等专业学校毕业，离开波兰会议王国，来到列日，就读列日大学。他加入当地的组织，成为该组织比利时分支的首领。第一次世界大战爆发后，他回到波兰，在1914年8月加入。他投身前线，先在军团第5步兵团指挥一个排，后来指挥一个连，最终指挥一个营。那时他获得昵称“姆沃特”（Młot，波兰语中意为“铁锤”），这个昵称后来成为他的姓的一部分。1917年后，他被囚禁在，但在1918年5月被释放，并被获准加入，同时与波兰军事组织秘密合作。 早在1918年11月姆沃特-菲亚乌科夫斯基便以上尉衔加入重建的波兰陆军，参与保卫以抵御，后来参与波乌战争。在被证实为少校后，他在1920年晋升为中校。菲亚乌科夫斯基在波苏战争中担当参谋职务，为期几乎一年。1920年代末他成为驻扎在普乌图斯克的第13步兵团指挥官，随后晋升为上校。作为和平年代富有经验的指挥官，他先后在（副指挥官；1926年-1928年）和（1928年-1929年）担当指挥职务。1930年，他再次晋升为准将，并被委派到驻扎在沃姆扎的，直到战间期结束前，他一直指挥此师。 1939年，在动员准备与德国的战争时，姆沃特-菲亚乌科夫斯基被任命为新成立的指挥官，负责保卫波兰在纳雷夫河一线的边界及其与立陶宛在别布扎河一线的边界。姆沃特-菲亚乌科夫斯基麾下有两个和2个步兵师（第11师与第33师），他命令他的手下侦测敌军并侦查敌方领土。因此他的部队成为波兰保卫战中唯一进入德国领土的波兰军队。然而，1939年9月7日，驻扎在纳雷夫集团军以西的被迫不断向南撤退，而姆沃特-菲亚乌科夫斯基也受到同样命令。但是，那时成功击败，并对波军形成侧翼包抄之势，波军只能进行突破，而这样做双方都会受到非常大的损失。在这种情况下，只有骑兵旅幸存下来，并从那时起转由将军指挥，而姆沃特-菲亚乌科夫斯基成为前者幕僚的一员。 9月20日，姆沃特-菲亚乌科夫斯基与波德霍尔斯基的混编军一同抵达，而新编骑兵师“扎扎”也在那里形成。它立即向南急行军，以与其他在卢布林和的波军会合。9月29日，这支军队最终抵达维普日河地带，并在那里成为将军指挥的一员。切斯瓦夫·姆沃特-菲亚乌科夫斯基和这支部队参与，而这也是波兰战役最后一次大会战。 姆沃特-菲亚乌科夫斯基被德军俘虏，随后辗转于各个度过第二次世界大战，其中包括和，1944年4月17日，菲亚乌科夫斯基在穆尔瑙战俘营去世。
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