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Subject Item
dbr:1937_tour_of_Germany_by_the_Duke_and_Duchess_of_Windsor
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1937 tour of Germany by the Duke and Duchess of Windsor Viaggio in Germania del Duca e Duchessa di Windsor nel 1937 1937年溫莎公爵伉儷訪德 جولة في المانيا لدوق ودوقة وندسور عام 1973
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1937年10月，溫莎公爵愛德華與華麗絲·辛普森到訪納粹德國。公爵於1936年12月11日退位，並由他的弟弟乔治六世繼位。之後愛德華獲封溫莎公爵的頭銜，並於1937年6月迎娶了華里絲·辛普森。在此期間，他似乎對納粹德國表示同情。而在同年9月，他宣布打算私下前往德國參觀工廠。而他的興趣就是研究在歐洲戰爭下該國工人階級的社會和經濟狀況。公爵的支持者認為他是英國和德國之間潛在的和平締造者，但是英國政府拒絕批准。英國政府懷疑納粹會利用公爵的存在進行宣傳，因此英國政府拒絕批准這樣的角色設定，並且反對巡迴訪問。溫莎熱切希望得到他的妻子支持，卻遭到妻子的拒絕。建制派經歷國事訪問後同意他的請求，他答應政府保持低調。巡迴訪問在10月12日至23日進行。 公爵和公爵夫人被德意志勞工陣線正式邀請到該國，並且受到其羅伯特·萊伊領導人的大部分陪護. 為了重整努力，這對夫婦參觀了工廠， 其中許多正在生產軍需，並且視察了德軍。他們與高級納粹成員（例如 約瑟夫·戈培爾、赫爾曼·戈林、約阿希姆·馮·里賓特洛甫 、阿爾伯特·斯佩爾）會面，並和阿道夫·希特勒在貝希特斯加登見面。公爵與希特勒進行了很長時間的私下對話，但是由於在戰爭中失去了會議紀要，因此不確定他們會談的實際內容。公爵夫人與希特勒的代表魯道夫·赫斯共進下午茶。希特勒很同情溫莎公爵，並定期會見公爵夫人。 Edward, Duke of Windsor, and Wallis, Duchess of Windsor, visited Nazi Germany in October 1937. Edward had abdicated the British throne in December 1936, and his brother George VI had become king. Edward had been given the title Duke of Windsor and married Wallis Simpson in June 1937. He appeared to have been sympathetic to Germany in this period and, that September, announced his intention to travel privately to Germany to tour factories. His interests, officially into researching the social and economic conditions of the working classes, were against the backdrop of looming war in Europe. The Duke's supporters saw him as a potential peacemaker between Britain and Germany, but the British government refused to sanction such a role, opposed the tour and suspected that the Nazis would use th Edoardo, Duca di Windsor, e Wallis, Duchessa di Windsor, visitarono la Germania nazista nell'ottobre del 1937. “إدوارد” و“واليس” دوق ودوقة وندسور، زارا ألمانيا النازية في تشرين الأول عام 1937. تنازل إدوارد عن العرش البريطاني في كانون الأول عام 1936، وأصبح أخو إدوارد (جورج السادس) ملك بريطانيا.حصل إدوارد على لقب دوق وندسور وتزوج بواليس سمبسون في أيار عام 1937، وظهر بأن لديه تعاطفًا مع ألمانيا في تلك الفترة. في أيلول أعلن اهتمامه للسفر -بصفة خاصة- إلى ألمانيا للقيام بجولة في المصانع، فقد كان مهتمًا رسميًا بالبحث في الظروف الاجتماعية والاقتصادية للطبقة العاملة التي كانت الأكثر تضررًا، إذ إنهم عاشوا ظروف الحرب في أوروبا.
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Pope-Hennessy
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574
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1959
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Ziegler
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236
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1991
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Howarth
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62
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1987
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Bradford
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2013
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Ogilvie-Forbes' letter, page two Ogilvie-Forbes' letter, page one
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Deborah Cadbury
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Page two Page one
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0001-10-13
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0001-10-13
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0001-08-23 The Earl of Crawford
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Whereas the Duke, Duchess and I had no idea that the Germans were or would be committing mass murder on the Jews, we were none of us averse to Hitler politically. We felt that the Nazi regime was a more appropriate government than the Weimar Republic, which had been extremely socialist. Hitler was evidently making an effort to be as amicable as possible towards the Duke, whom he regarded as Germany's friend, having especially in mind a speech the Duke had made some years before, extending the hand of friendship to Germany's ex-servicemen's associations. In these conversations, there was, so far as I could see, nothing whatever to indicate whether the Duke of Windsor really sympathised with the ideology and practices of the Third Reich, as Hitler seemed to assume he did. Apart from some appreciative words for the measures taken in Germany in the field of social welfare, the Duke did not discuss political questions. He had put himself hopelessly in the wrong by starting his visit with a preliminary tour in Germany where he was, of course, photographed fraternizing with the Nazi, the Anti-Trade Unionist and the Jewbaiter. Poor little man. He has no sense of his own and no friends with any sense to advise him. I hope this will give him a sharp and salutary lesson. The Duke of Windsor is very much interested in your proposal that he lead a movement so essentially international. We all know that as Prince of Wales and as King, he has always been keenly interested in the lot of the working man and he has not failed to show both his distress and his resolve to alter things whenever he has encountered injustice ... Yet he is not satisfied with the extent of his knowledge. He is determined to continue, with more time at his disposal, his systematic study of this subject and to devote his time to the betterment of the life of the masses ... He believes his is the surest way to peace. For himself he proposes to begin soon with a study of housing and working conditions in many countries ... In accordance with the Duke of Windsor's message to the world press last June that he would release any information of interest regarding his plans or movements, His Royal Highness makes it known that he and the Duchess of Windsor are visiting Germany and the United States in the near future for the purpose of studying housing and working conditions in these two countries. The Duchess was visibly impressed with the Führer's personality, and he apparently indicated that they had become fast friends by giving her an affectionate farewell. [Hitler] took both their hands in his saying a long goodbye, after which he stiffened to a rigid Nazi salute that the Duke returned. Pathé caught the moment they emerged from the station into a large crowd that had gathered determined to see this unique couple: a king who had thrown away the greatest throne in the world for love, and the woman herself, who must possess some magical quality. Dr Ley, the head of the German delegation, wearing his brown Nazi uniform and for once not drunk, delighted them both by deferring to her as 'Her Royal Highness'.
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“إدوارد” و“واليس” دوق ودوقة وندسور، زارا ألمانيا النازية في تشرين الأول عام 1937. تنازل إدوارد عن العرش البريطاني في كانون الأول عام 1936، وأصبح أخو إدوارد (جورج السادس) ملك بريطانيا.حصل إدوارد على لقب دوق وندسور وتزوج بواليس سمبسون في أيار عام 1937، وظهر بأن لديه تعاطفًا مع ألمانيا في تلك الفترة. في أيلول أعلن اهتمامه للسفر -بصفة خاصة- إلى ألمانيا للقيام بجولة في المصانع، فقد كان مهتمًا رسميًا بالبحث في الظروف الاجتماعية والاقتصادية للطبقة العاملة التي كانت الأكثر تضررًا، إذ إنهم عاشوا ظروف الحرب في أوروبا. أنصار الدوق اعتقدوا بأنه صانع السلام المحتمل بين بريطانيا وألمانيا، ولكن حكومة المملكة المتحدة البريطانية رفضت الموافقة على مثل هذا الدور، وكانت ضد هذه الجولة لاعتقادها بأن النازيين سيستغلون وجود الدوق بوصفها دعاية. كان وندسور حريصًا على مرافقة زوجته، في حين رفضت المؤسسة البريطانية ذلك. وعد وندسور الحكومة بالابتعاد عن الأضواء واستمرت الجولة ما بين 12 و23 من تشرين الأول عام 1937. رافق القائد “روبيرت لي” الدوق والدوقة -اللذان قد دُعيا رسميًا للبلاد من قبل جبهة العمل الألمانية- خلال معظم زيارتهما. زار الزوجان زار المصانع، التي كان العديد منها يُنتج العتاد لغرض إعادة التسليح، وتفقد الدوق القوات الألمانية. جرت تحية وندسور بوساطة النشيد الوطني البريطاني والتحية النازية، وتناولا العشاء مع كبراء النازيين مثل جوزيف جوبلز وهيرمان جورنك ويواكم فون ريبنتروب وألبرت سبير، فضلًا عن احتساء الشاي مع أدولف هتلر في بريجتسجادن. أجرى الدوق محادثة طويلة خاصة مع هتلر، ولكن ما ناقشوه بقي غير مؤكدًا، لأن موضوع اجتماعهم تمحور حول الحرب، واحتست الدوقة شاي بعد الظهر مع نائب هتلر (رودولف هيس)، إذ كان هتلر متعاطفًا مع آل وندسور وعامل الدوقة معاملة ملكية. لم تكن حكومة المملكة البريطانية قادرة على التأثير في مجرى الأحداث، فمنعت موظفيها الدبلوماسيين في ألمانيا من أي تفاعل رفيع المستوى مع الدوق والدوقة. كان الرأي العام البريطاني للجولة صامتًا، إذ كان معظمهم ينظرون إليها بأنها سيئة الذوق ومزعجة في السنة الأولى من حكم جورج. كان من المفترض أن تتبع تلك الجولة واحدة من الولايات المتحدة، ولكن القمع النازي لنشطاء الطبقة العاملة في ألمانيا أدى إلى موجة من الاستنكار لآل وندسور في الحركة العمالية الأمريكية، ما أدى ذلك إلى إلغاء الزيارة الأمريكية. يميل المؤرخون الحديثون إلى اعتبار جولة عام 1937 انعكاسًا لكل من افتقار الدوق إلى الحكم وتجاهله للنصيحة التي تلقاها. Edward, Duke of Windsor, and Wallis, Duchess of Windsor, visited Nazi Germany in October 1937. Edward had abdicated the British throne in December 1936, and his brother George VI had become king. Edward had been given the title Duke of Windsor and married Wallis Simpson in June 1937. He appeared to have been sympathetic to Germany in this period and, that September, announced his intention to travel privately to Germany to tour factories. His interests, officially into researching the social and economic conditions of the working classes, were against the backdrop of looming war in Europe. The Duke's supporters saw him as a potential peacemaker between Britain and Germany, but the British government refused to sanction such a role, opposed the tour and suspected that the Nazis would use the Duke's presence for propaganda. Windsor was keen for his wife, who had been rejected by the British establishment, to experience a state visit as his consort. He promised the government to keep a low profile, and the tour went ahead between 12 and 23 October 1937. The Duke and the Duchess, who were officially invited to the country by the German Labour Front, were chaperoned for much of their visit by its leader, Robert Ley. The couple visited factories, many of which were producing materiel for the rearmament effort, and the Duke inspected German troops. The Windsors were greeted by the British national anthem and Nazi salutes. They dined with high-ranking Nazis such as Joseph Goebbels, Hermann Göring, Joachim von Ribbentrop and Albert Speer, and had tea with Adolf Hitler in Berchtesgaden. The Duke had a long private conversation with Hitler, but it is uncertain what they discussed, as the minutes of their meeting were lost during the war. The Duchess took afternoon tea with Hitler's deputy, Rudolf Hess. Hitler was sympathetic to the Windsors and treated the Duchess like royalty. The British government was unable to affect the course of events and forbade its diplomatic staff in Germany from having any high-level interaction with the Windsors. British popular opinion of the tour was muted, and most people viewed it as in poor taste and disrupting the first year of George's reign. The tour of Germany was intended to have been followed by one of the United States, but Nazi repression of working-class activists in Germany led to a wave of disapproval for the Windsors in the American labour movement, which led to the US visit being cancelled. Modern historians tend to consider the 1937 tour as a reflection of both the Duke's lack of judgment and his disregard for the advice that he received. Edoardo, Duca di Windsor, e Wallis, Duchessa di Windsor, visitarono la Germania nazista nell'ottobre del 1937. 1937年10月，溫莎公爵愛德華與華麗絲·辛普森到訪納粹德國。公爵於1936年12月11日退位，並由他的弟弟乔治六世繼位。之後愛德華獲封溫莎公爵的頭銜，並於1937年6月迎娶了華里絲·辛普森。在此期間，他似乎對納粹德國表示同情。而在同年9月，他宣布打算私下前往德國參觀工廠。而他的興趣就是研究在歐洲戰爭下該國工人階級的社會和經濟狀況。公爵的支持者認為他是英國和德國之間潛在的和平締造者，但是英國政府拒絕批准。英國政府懷疑納粹會利用公爵的存在進行宣傳，因此英國政府拒絕批准這樣的角色設定，並且反對巡迴訪問。溫莎熱切希望得到他的妻子支持，卻遭到妻子的拒絕。建制派經歷國事訪問後同意他的請求，他答應政府保持低調。巡迴訪問在10月12日至23日進行。 公爵和公爵夫人被德意志勞工陣線正式邀請到該國，並且受到其羅伯特·萊伊領導人的大部分陪護. 為了重整努力，這對夫婦參觀了工廠， 其中許多正在生產軍需，並且視察了德軍。他們與高級納粹成員（例如 約瑟夫·戈培爾、赫爾曼·戈林、約阿希姆·馮·里賓特洛甫 、阿爾伯特·斯佩爾）會面，並和阿道夫·希特勒在貝希特斯加登見面。公爵與希特勒進行了很長時間的私下對話，但是由於在戰爭中失去了會議紀要，因此不確定他們會談的實際內容。公爵夫人與希特勒的代表魯道夫·赫斯共進下午茶。希特勒很同情溫莎公爵，並定期會見公爵夫人。 英國政府不容許影響事態發展，並禁止其駐德國外交人員與公爵和公爵夫人進行任何高層互動。英國人對這次巡迴訪問的民意淡然，大多數人認為巡迴訪問品味低劣，破壞了喬治六世執政的第一年。公爵原本打算在美國進行巡迴訪問，但是由於納粹德國鎮壓德國的工人階級活動，導致了反對派對溫莎公爵反對浪潮。這導致美國訪問被取消。現代歷史學家傾向於將1937年的巡迴訪問看作是公爵缺乏判斷力和無視對他所得到建議的反映。
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