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Subject Item
dbr:John_Archibald_Wheeler
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John Archibald Wheeler John Archibald Wheeler 존 아치볼드 휠러 Джон Арчибальд Вілер John Archibald Wheeler John Archibald Wheeler John Archibald Wheeler John Archibald Wheeler Уилер, Джон Арчибальд John Wheeler جون أرتشيبالد ويلر John Archibald Wheeler John Wheeler John Archibald Wheeler 約翰·惠勒 ジョン・ホイーラー John Wheeler John Archibald Wheeler John Archibald Wheeler John Archibald Wheeler
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John Archibald Wheeler (ur. 9 lipca 1911 w Jacksonville, Floryda, zm. 13 kwietnia 2008 w ) – amerykański fizyk teoretyczny, laureat Nagrody Einsteina (1965) i Nagrody Wolfa w dziedzinie fizyki (1997). John Archibald Wheeler (July 9, 1911 – April 13, 2008) was an American theoretical physicist. He was largely responsible for reviving interest in general relativity in the United States after World War II. Wheeler also worked with Niels Bohr in explaining the basic principles behind nuclear fission. Together with Gregory Breit, Wheeler developed the concept of the Breit–Wheeler process. He is best known for popularizing the term "black hole," as to objects with gravitational collapse already predicted during the early 20th century, for inventing the terms "quantum foam", "neutron moderator", "wormhole" and "it from bit", and for hypothesizing the "one-electron universe". Stephen Hawking referred to him as the "hero of the black hole story". John Archibald Wheeler (* 9. Juli 1911 in Jacksonville, Florida; † 13. April 2008 in Hightstown, New Jersey) war ein US-amerikanischer theoretischer Physiker und zuletzt emeritierter Professor an der Princeton University. John Archibald Wheeler (9. července 1911 Jacksonville, USA – 13. dubna 2008) byl americký fyzik, který se zabýval teorií relativity a relativistickou astrofyzikou. John Archibald Wheeler, né le 9 juillet 1911 à Jacksonville en Floride et mort le 13 avril 2008 à Hightstown au New Jersey d'une pneumonie, est un physicien théoricien américain. Spécialiste de la relativité générale, il a sensiblement influencé les recherches sur les trous noirs. John Archibald Wheeler (Jacksonville, Florida, 9 de julio de 1911-13 de abril de 2008) fue un físico teórico estadounidense. Se doctoró en la Universidad Johns Hopkins. Hizo importantes avances en la física teórica.​ Entre sus trabajos importantes está la introducción de la matriz S​ que es indispensable en física de partículas. Además fue uno de los pioneros en la teoría de fisión nuclear. Junto con Gregory Breit, Wheeler desarrolló el concepto del proceso Breit–Wheeler. John Archibald Wheeler, född 9 juli 1911 i Jacksonville, Florida, död 13 april 2008 i , New Jersey, var en amerikansk fysiker. Han strävade, tillsammans med Albert Einstein, efter att finna en allomfattande och formulerade på 1960-talet den så kallade som han dock senare övergav på grund av dålig överensstämmelse med fysiska fakta. Han har bidragit till vår förståelse av hur stjärnor i slutstadierna faller samman och bildar neutronstjärnor och även svarta hål, en term som han är upphovsmannen till. Wheeler tilldelades 1996/1997 Wolfpriset i fysik. John Archibald WHEELER (naskiĝis la 9-an de julio 1911 en Jacksonville, Florido; mortis la 13-an de aprilo 2008 en , Nov-Ĵerzejo) estis usona teoria fizikisto. Laste li estis emerita profesoro ĉe la Universitato Princeton. John Archibald Wheeler donis nomon al la nigra truo. En 1996/1997 li estis premiita la Wolf-Premio pri Fiziko. Li mortis 96-jara en sia domo en la usona ŝtato Nov-Ĵerzejo pro sekvoj de pneŭmonio. John Archibald Wheeler (Jacksonville, 9 de julho de 1911 – Hightstown, 13 de abril de 2008) foi um físico teórico estadunidense. Um dos últimos colaboradores de Albert Einstein, tentou formular a concepção de Einstein de uma teoria do campo unificado. Introduziu a , fundamental na física de partículas. Foi um dos pioneiros na teoria de fissão nuclear. Também é conhecido por cunhar o nome popular para o fenômeno espacial das estrelas colapsadas gravitacionalmente, a expressão buraco negro. Acadêmicos orientados por ele incluíram Richard Feynman e Kip Thorne. John Archibald Wheeler (9 Juli 1911 – 13 April 2008) adalah seorang Amerika Serikat yang membangkitkan ketertarikan terhadap relativitas umum di Amerika Serikat selepas Perang Dunia II. Wheeler juga bekerja dengan Niels Bohr dalam menjelaskan prinsip-prinsip dasar fisi nuklir. Sebagai salah satu pendukung Albert Einstein, ia mencoba membuat yang divisikan oleh Einstein. Ia juga dikenal karena mencetuskan istilah "lubang hitam", "buih kuantum", dan "lubang cacing", serta frasa "". John Archibald Wheeler (Jacksonville, Florida, 9 de juliol de 1911 - 13 d'abril de 2008) fou un físic teòric nord-americà. Es va doctorar a la Universitat Johns Hopkins. Va fer importants avanços en física teòrica. Entre els seus treballs importants hi apareixen la introducció de la matriu S que és indispensable en física de partícules. A més va ser un dels pioners en la teoria de fissió nuclear. Juntament amb Gregory Breit, Wheeler va desenvolupar el concepte del procés Breit–Wheeler per a descriure teòricament la producció d'un parell electró-positró en la fusió de dos fotonsː γγ→e+e- Джон Арчибальд Вілер (англ. John Archibald Wheeler; 9 липня 1911, Джексонвілл, Флорида, США — 13 квітня 2008) — американський фізик-теоретик, член Національної академії наук США (з 1952). Один з авторів підручника-монографії Гравітація. John Archibald Wheeler (Jacksonville, 9 luglio 1911 – Hightstown, 13 aprile 2008) è stato un fisico statunitense. John Archibald Wheeler (Jacksonville (Florida), 9 juli 1911 – Hightstown (New Jersey), 13 april 2008) was een Amerikaans theoretisch natuurkundige. Hij werd vooral bekend door zijn bijdrage aan de ontwikkeling van de eerste atoombom, maar ook omdat hij de namen bedacht waaronder twee opvallende astronomische fenomenen bekend zouden worden: het wormgat (1957) en het zwarte gat (1967). John Archibald Wheeler (Jacksonville, Florida, AEB, 1911ko uztailaren 9a - Hightstown, New Jersey, AEB, 2008ko apirilaren 13a) estatubatuar fisikaria izan zen. Espazio-denboraren fisikari, grabitate uhinei, zulo beltzei eta buruzko teoria aitzindariak proposatzeagatik ezaguna da. جون أرتشيبالد ويلر (بالإنجليزية: John Archibald Wheeler)‏ (9 يوليو 1911 - 13 إبريل 2008). عالم أمريكي فيزيائي من الأواخر الذين انضموا لأينشتاين في أعماله وهو مبتكر مصطلح الثقب الأسود. كان ويلر من الذين اشتركوا في مشروع مانهاتن لإنتاج القنبلة الذرية الأولى وقد كان يتمنى أن يبدأ المشروع باكرا عن ذلك وعمل أستاذا في جامعة برنستون وقد نال الدكتوراة وعمره 21 عاما، وقام بتأليف عدد كبير من الكتب عن الفيزياء النظرية وخصوصاً عن الانشطار النووي. ジョン・アーチボルト・ホイーラー（John Archibald Wheeler, 1911年7月9日 - 2008年4月13日）は、アメリカ合衆国の物理学者である。 約翰·阿奇博爾德·惠勒（英語：John Archibald Wheeler，1911年7月9日－2008年4月13日），出生於美國佛羅里達州傑克遜維爾，美国理论物理学家，广义相对论领域的重要学者和宗师。 惠勒雖然沒有得到諾貝爾獎，但是他無疑是美國最重要的物理學家之一。作為物理學家，惠勒最重要的工作是與玻爾合作，在1942年共同揭示了核裂變機制，並參加了研製原子彈的曼哈頓工程。他還是美國第一個氫彈裝置的主要設計者之一。作為物理學教育家，惠勒培養出了幾代美國物理學家，他指導過的博士達50位之多——當下美國宇宙學或者天體理論物理的一線人物有相當一部分是惠勒的學生。 존 아치볼드 휠러 (John Archibald Wheeler, 1911년 7월 9일 ~ 2008년 4월 13일)는 미국의 이론물리학자이다. 그는 제2차 세계대전 이후 미국에서 일반 상대성이론에 대한 관심을 되살리는 데 크게 기여했다. 휠러는 또한 닐스 보어와 함께 핵분열의 기본 원리를 설명했다. 휠러는 그레고리 브라이트Gregory Breit와 함께 브라이트-휠러 프로세스(Breit–Wheeler process)의 개념을 개발했다. 그는 20세기 초에 이미 예측된 중력 붕괴가 있는 물체에 대해 "블랙홀"이라는 용어를 대중화 시켰으며, "양자 거품(quantum foam)", "중성자 감속재", "웜홀" 및 "비트로부터 그것"라는 용어를 발명했고 또한 "단일 전자 우주(one-elecron universe)"를 가정한 것으로 가장 잘 알려져 있다. 휠러는 경력의 대부분을 프린스턴 대학교에서 물리학 교수로 재직했으며, 1938년에 합류하여 1976년 은퇴할 때까지 남아 있었다. 그는 프린스턴에서 프린스턴 물리학과의 다른 어떤 교수보다 많은 46명의 박사 과정 학생들을 지도했다. Джон Арчибальд Уилер (англ. John Archibald Wheeler; 9 июля 1911, Джэксонвилл, Флорида, США — 13 апреля 2008, , Нью-Джерси, США) — американский физик-теоретик, член Национальной академии наук США (1952) и Американского философского общества, иностранный член Лондонского королевского общества.
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dbp:thesisTitle
Theory of the dispersion and absorption of helium
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n47:bib_1628888
dbp:thesisYear
1933
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University of North Carolina University of Texas at Austin Princeton University
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dbp:almaMater
dbr:Johns_Hopkins_University
dbp:awards
Matteucci Medal Franklin Medal Wolf Prize in Physics J. Robert Oppenheimer Memorial Prize Einstein Prize (APS) Enrico Fermi Award Albert Einstein Medal National Medal of Science A. Cressy Morrison Prize Oersted Medal Albert Einstein Award
dbp:birthDate
1911-07-09
dbp:caption
Wheeler before the Hermann Weyl-Conference 1985 in Kiel, Germany
dbp:citizenship
United States
dbp:date
2013-10-01 2014-12-10
dbp:deathDate
2008-04-13
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dbr:Physics
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Wheeler–Feynman absorber theory One-electron universe Coining the term "superspace" Unified field theory Lorentzian wormhole Participatory anthropic principle Wheeler's delayed choice experiment General relativity Breit–Wheeler process Coining the term "wormhole" Nuclear fission Wheeler–DeWitt equation Geon Regge–Wheeler–Zerilli equations Coining the term "neutron moderator" Geometrodynamics Popularizing the term "black hole" S-matrix "It from bit" Quantum foam
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Janette Hegner
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0001-04-05 0001-12-06
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n6:4958.html n49:5908_1.html
dbo:abstract
John Archibald Wheeler (9. července 1911 Jacksonville, USA – 13. dubna 2008) byl americký fyzik, který se zabýval teorií relativity a relativistickou astrofyzikou. 존 아치볼드 휠러 (John Archibald Wheeler, 1911년 7월 9일 ~ 2008년 4월 13일)는 미국의 이론물리학자이다. 그는 제2차 세계대전 이후 미국에서 일반 상대성이론에 대한 관심을 되살리는 데 크게 기여했다. 휠러는 또한 닐스 보어와 함께 핵분열의 기본 원리를 설명했다. 휠러는 그레고리 브라이트Gregory Breit와 함께 브라이트-휠러 프로세스(Breit–Wheeler process)의 개념을 개발했다. 그는 20세기 초에 이미 예측된 중력 붕괴가 있는 물체에 대해 "블랙홀"이라는 용어를 대중화 시켰으며, "양자 거품(quantum foam)", "중성자 감속재", "웜홀" 및 "비트로부터 그것"라는 용어를 발명했고 또한 "단일 전자 우주(one-elecron universe)"를 가정한 것으로 가장 잘 알려져 있다. 휠러는 칼 헤르츠펠트Karl Herzfeld 지도하에 존스 홉킨스 대학교에서 박사 학위를 받았고 국립 연구 위원회 장학금으로 브라이트와 보어 밑에서 공부했다. 1939년에 그는 보어와 협력하여 핵분열 메커니즘을 설명하기 위해 액체 방울 모형(liquid drop model)을 사용하여 일련의 논문을 작성했다. 제2차 세계대전 중에 그는 시카고에 있는 맨해튼 프로젝트의 야금 연구소(Metallurgical Laboratory)에서 원자로 설계를 도운 후 워싱턴 주 리치랜드에 있는 핸퍼드 사이트에서 듀폰의 건설을 도왔다. 그는 전쟁이 끝난 후 프린스턴으로 돌아왔지만 1950년대 초에 수소폭탄 설계 및 제작을 돕기 위해서 정부에 복귀했다. 휠러는 경력의 대부분을 프린스턴 대학교에서 물리학 교수로 재직했으며, 1938년에 합류하여 1976년 은퇴할 때까지 남아 있었다. 그는 프린스턴에서 프린스턴 물리학과의 다른 어떤 교수보다 많은 46명의 박사 과정 학생들을 지도했다. John Archibald Wheeler (9 Juli 1911 – 13 April 2008) adalah seorang Amerika Serikat yang membangkitkan ketertarikan terhadap relativitas umum di Amerika Serikat selepas Perang Dunia II. Wheeler juga bekerja dengan Niels Bohr dalam menjelaskan prinsip-prinsip dasar fisi nuklir. Sebagai salah satu pendukung Albert Einstein, ia mencoba membuat yang divisikan oleh Einstein. Ia juga dikenal karena mencetuskan istilah "lubang hitam", "buih kuantum", dan "lubang cacing", serta frasa "". Wheeler menjabat sebagai profesor di Universitas Princeton dan mengajar banyak fisikawan yang banyak menyumbang untuk bidang mekanika kuantum dan gravitasi. John Archibald Wheeler (Jacksonville, Florida, AEB, 1911ko uztailaren 9a - Hightstown, New Jersey, AEB, 2008ko apirilaren 13a) estatubatuar fisikaria izan zen. Espazio-denboraren fisikari, grabitate uhinei, zulo beltzei eta buruzko teoria aitzindariak proposatzeagatik ezaguna da. ジョン・アーチボルト・ホイーラー（John Archibald Wheeler, 1911年7月9日 - 2008年4月13日）は、アメリカ合衆国の物理学者である。 Джон Арчибальд Уилер (англ. John Archibald Wheeler; 9 июля 1911, Джэксонвилл, Флорида, США — 13 апреля 2008, , Нью-Джерси, США) — американский физик-теоретик, член Национальной академии наук США (1952) и Американского философского общества, иностранный член Лондонского королевского общества. جون أرتشيبالد ويلر (بالإنجليزية: John Archibald Wheeler)‏ (9 يوليو 1911 - 13 إبريل 2008). عالم أمريكي فيزيائي من الأواخر الذين انضموا لأينشتاين في أعماله وهو مبتكر مصطلح الثقب الأسود. كان ويلر من الذين اشتركوا في مشروع مانهاتن لإنتاج القنبلة الذرية الأولى وقد كان يتمنى أن يبدأ المشروع باكرا عن ذلك وعمل أستاذا في جامعة برنستون وقد نال الدكتوراة وعمره 21 عاما، وقام بتأليف عدد كبير من الكتب عن الفيزياء النظرية وخصوصاً عن الانشطار النووي. وقد ابتكر معادلة هاريسون ـ ويلر التي تصف المادة النووية العالية الكثافة.وهو من ابتكر لفظة «الفجوة السوداء» وتعبير «الفجوة السوداء لا شعر لها» لوصف النتيجة التي تفيد ان فجوة سوداء تتميز دائماً بحجمها وحركيتها وطاقتها الكهربائية أياً تكن المادة التي انشأتها. أمضى ويلر أغلبية حياته الأكاديمية في جامعة برنستون، حيث إلتحق بها في عام 1938 وتقاعد منها عام 1976 . أشرف ويلر على مناقشة 46 شهادة دكتوراة سابقا بذلك أي أستاذ آخر في قسم الفيزياء. John Archibald Wheeler, född 9 juli 1911 i Jacksonville, Florida, död 13 april 2008 i , New Jersey, var en amerikansk fysiker. Han strävade, tillsammans med Albert Einstein, efter att finna en allomfattande och formulerade på 1960-talet den så kallade som han dock senare övergav på grund av dålig överensstämmelse med fysiska fakta. Han har bidragit till vår förståelse av hur stjärnor i slutstadierna faller samman och bildar neutronstjärnor och även svarta hål, en term som han är upphovsmannen till. Som professor i fysik vid Princeton University 1947–1976 var han handledare åt flera andra berömda fysiker, exempelvis Richard Feynman och Kip Thorne. Han var senare, 1976–1986, även professor vid University of Texas i Austin. Wheeler tilldelades 1996/1997 Wolfpriset i fysik. John Archibald Wheeler (July 9, 1911 – April 13, 2008) was an American theoretical physicist. He was largely responsible for reviving interest in general relativity in the United States after World War II. Wheeler also worked with Niels Bohr in explaining the basic principles behind nuclear fission. Together with Gregory Breit, Wheeler developed the concept of the Breit–Wheeler process. He is best known for popularizing the term "black hole," as to objects with gravitational collapse already predicted during the early 20th century, for inventing the terms "quantum foam", "neutron moderator", "wormhole" and "it from bit", and for hypothesizing the "one-electron universe". Stephen Hawking referred to him as the "hero of the black hole story". Wheeler earned his doctorate at Johns Hopkins University under the supervision of Karl Herzfeld, and studied under Breit and Bohr on a National Research Council fellowship. During 1939 he collaborated with Bohr to write a series of papers using the liquid drop model to explain the mechanism of fission. During World War II, he worked with the Manhattan Project's Metallurgical Laboratory in Chicago, where he helped design nuclear reactors, and then at the Hanford Site in Richland, Washington, where he helped DuPont build them. He returned to Princeton after the war ended, but returned to government service to help design and build the hydrogen bomb in the early 1950s. For most of his career, Wheeler was a professor of physics at Princeton University, which he joined in 1938, remaning there until 1976. At Princeton he supervised 46 PhD students, more than any other professor in the Princeton physics department. Wheeler left Princeton University in 1976 at the age of 65. He was appointed as the director of the Center for Theoretical Physics at the University of Texas at Austin in 1976 and remained in the position until 1986, when he retired and became a professor emeritus. John Archibald Wheeler (Jacksonville, Florida, 9 de juliol de 1911 - 13 d'abril de 2008) fou un físic teòric nord-americà. Es va doctorar a la Universitat Johns Hopkins. Va fer importants avanços en física teòrica. Entre els seus treballs importants hi apareixen la introducció de la matriu S que és indispensable en física de partícules. A més va ser un dels pioners en la teoria de fissió nuclear. Juntament amb Gregory Breit, Wheeler va desenvolupar el concepte del procés Breit–Wheeler per a descriure teòricament la producció d'un parell electró-positró en la fusió de dos fotonsː γγ→e+e- 約翰·阿奇博爾德·惠勒（英語：John Archibald Wheeler，1911年7月9日－2008年4月13日），出生於美國佛羅里達州傑克遜維爾，美国理论物理学家，广义相对论领域的重要学者和宗师。 惠勒雖然沒有得到諾貝爾獎，但是他無疑是美國最重要的物理學家之一。作為物理學家，惠勒最重要的工作是與玻爾合作，在1942年共同揭示了核裂變機制，並參加了研製原子彈的曼哈頓工程。他還是美國第一個氫彈裝置的主要設計者之一。作為物理學教育家，惠勒培養出了幾代美國物理學家，他指導過的博士達50位之多——當下美國宇宙學或者天體理論物理的一線人物有相當一部分是惠勒的學生。 John Archibald Wheeler (Jacksonville, Florida, 9 de julio de 1911-13 de abril de 2008) fue un físico teórico estadounidense. Se doctoró en la Universidad Johns Hopkins. Hizo importantes avances en la física teórica.​ Entre sus trabajos importantes está la introducción de la matriz S​ que es indispensable en física de partículas. Además fue uno de los pioneros en la teoría de fisión nuclear. Junto con Gregory Breit, Wheeler desarrolló el concepto del proceso Breit–Wheeler. John Archibald Wheeler (ur. 9 lipca 1911 w Jacksonville, Floryda, zm. 13 kwietnia 2008 w ) – amerykański fizyk teoretyczny, laureat Nagrody Einsteina (1965) i Nagrody Wolfa w dziedzinie fizyki (1997). John Archibald Wheeler (Jacksonville, 9 luglio 1911 – Hightstown, 13 aprile 2008) è stato un fisico statunitense. John Archibald Wheeler, né le 9 juillet 1911 à Jacksonville en Floride et mort le 13 avril 2008 à Hightstown au New Jersey d'une pneumonie, est un physicien théoricien américain. Spécialiste de la relativité générale, il a sensiblement influencé les recherches sur les trous noirs. Джон Арчибальд Вілер (англ. John Archibald Wheeler; 9 липня 1911, Джексонвілл, Флорида, США — 13 квітня 2008) — американський фізик-теоретик, член Національної академії наук США (з 1952). Один з авторів підручника-монографії Гравітація. John Archibald Wheeler (* 9. Juli 1911 in Jacksonville, Florida; † 13. April 2008 in Hightstown, New Jersey) war ein US-amerikanischer theoretischer Physiker und zuletzt emeritierter Professor an der Princeton University. John Archibald Wheeler (Jacksonville (Florida), 9 juli 1911 – Hightstown (New Jersey), 13 april 2008) was een Amerikaans theoretisch natuurkundige. Hij werd vooral bekend door zijn bijdrage aan de ontwikkeling van de eerste atoombom, maar ook omdat hij de namen bedacht waaronder twee opvallende astronomische fenomenen bekend zouden worden: het wormgat (1957) en het zwarte gat (1967). John Archibald Wheeler (Jacksonville, 9 de julho de 1911 – Hightstown, 13 de abril de 2008) foi um físico teórico estadunidense. Um dos últimos colaboradores de Albert Einstein, tentou formular a concepção de Einstein de uma teoria do campo unificado. Introduziu a , fundamental na física de partículas. Foi um dos pioneiros na teoria de fissão nuclear. Também é conhecido por cunhar o nome popular para o fenômeno espacial das estrelas colapsadas gravitacionalmente, a expressão buraco negro. Acadêmicos orientados por ele incluíram Richard Feynman e Kip Thorne. John Archibald WHEELER (naskiĝis la 9-an de julio 1911 en Jacksonville, Florido; mortis la 13-an de aprilo 2008 en , Nov-Ĵerzejo) estis usona teoria fizikisto. Laste li estis emerita profesoro ĉe la Universitato Princeton. John Archibald Wheeler donis nomon al la nigra truo. En 1996/1997 li estis premiita la Wolf-Premio pri Fiziko. Li mortis 96-jara en sia domo en la usona ŝtato Nov-Ĵerzejo pro sekvoj de pneŭmonio.
dbp:doctoralAdvisor
dbr:Karl_Herzfeld
dbp:doctoralStudents
Bei-lok Hu Hugh Everett Kenneth W. Ford John S. Toll Kip Thorne Gilbert Plass Milton Plesset Robert Wald Dieter Brill Charles Misner Bill Unruh Jayme Tiomno Fred K. Manasse Benjamin Schumacher Arthur Wightman Jacob Bekenstein Robert W. Fuller Ignazio Ciufolini Katharine Way Cheuk-Yin Wong Richard Feynman Demetrios Christodoulou Frank J. Zerilli Lawrence C. Shepley Robert Geroch Gerald Harris Rosen Richard Lindquist John R. Klauder Bahram Mashhoon Claudio Bunster
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