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Statements

Subject Item: dbr:Cardiff_City_F.C.
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Subject Item: dbr:Premiership_of_John_Major
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Subject Item: dbr:Public_Order_Act_1986
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Subject Item: dbr:List_of_former_BBC_newsreaders_and_journalists
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Subject Item: dbr:1984–85_miners'_strike
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Subject Item: dbr:1985_in_the_United_Kingdom
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Subject Item: dbr:Communist_Party_of_Britain
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Subject Item: dbr:Orange_Juice_(band)
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Subject Item: dbr:South_Wales_Coalfield
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Subject Item: dbr:Radio_ballad
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Subject Item: dbr:Colin_Burgon
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Subject Item: dbr:François_Cusset
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Subject Item: dbr:Garw_Valley_Railway
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Subject Item: dbr:UK_miners'_strike_(1984–85)
rdf:type: yago:Protest107210225 yago:PsychologicalFeature100023100 yago:GroupAction101080366 yago:Abstraction100002137 yago:WikicatProtestsInTheUnitedKingdom yago:Conflict100958896 owl:Thing yago:Act100030358 yago:SpeechAct107160883 yago:YagoPermanentlyLocatedEntity yago:Objection107208338 yago:Event100029378 yago:WikicatConflictsIn1984 yago:WikicatConflictsIn1985 dbo:MilitaryConflict
rdfs:label: إضراب عمال المناجم البريطانية (1984-1985) Stailc na mianadóirí sa Ríocht Aontaithe (1984–1985) Mogok kerja penambang Britania Raya 1984–95 UK miners' strike (1984–85) Huelga minera en Reino Unido de 1984 a 1985 1984-85eko Erresuma Batuko meatzarien greba Vaga de miners britànics (1984-1985) Britischer Bergarbeiterstreik 1984/1985 Britse mijnwerkersstaking van 1984/85 Sciopero dei minatori britannici del 1984-1985 Забастовка британских шахтёров 1984—1985 Grève des mineurs britanniques de 1984-1985 Gruvarbetarstrejken i Storbritannien 1984–1985 1984-1985年英国矿工大罢工
rdfs:comment: La huelga minera en Reino Unido de 1984 a 1985 fue una huelga masiva de los mineros británicos que paralizó en gran medida la de ese país entre 1984 y 1985. Fue un momento decisivo en el desarrollo posterior de las relaciones laborales en Gran Bretaña, pues la derrota final de los huelguistas supuso un debilitamiento significativo del movimiento sindical británico. También fue visto como una importante victoria política de la entonces Primera Ministra del país y líder del Partido Conservador, Margaret Thatcher. La huelga a su vez se convirtió en una lucha simbólica entre fuerzas largamente enfrentadas, ya que el Sindicato Nacional de Mineros (en inglés: National Union of Mineworkers o NUM) era uno de los sindicatos más poderosos del país y que había conseguido, entre otros, derribar al g De Britse mijnwerkersstaking van 1984-85 was een arbeidsconflict binnen de kolenmijnbouw van Groot-Brittannië. De staking werd georganiseerd door de National Union of Mineworkers (NUM), die onder leiding stond van Arthur Scargill. Scargill had het besluit om te gaan staken echter nooit in stemming gebracht onder vakbondsleden. Daarmee zou volgens sommigen de staking onofficieel en ondemocratisch zijn. Dit zorgde voor onderlinge verdeeldheid bij de mijnwerkers. De BBC omschreef de staking als "the most bitter industrial dispute in British history." ("het bitterste arbeidsconflict in de Britse geschiedenis"). 1984-85eko Erresuma Batuko meatzarien greba, meatzeen itxiera ekidin nahian, ikatzaren industria gelditzeko mobilizazio handua izan zen. Erresuma Batuko (NUM) sustatu zuen (NCB) gobernuaren agentziaren aurka. Grebaren aurkako oposizioa Margaret Thacher Lehen Ministroaren gobernu kontserbadoreak gidatu zuen. Ezaguna egin zen Margaret Tacherrek grebalari eta grebaren antolatzaileen kontra egiteko, hauei "barne etsai" deitu izana. La vaga de miners britànics va tenir lloc entre els dies 6 de març de 1984 i el 3 de març de 1985 i suposà el conflicte laboral més important del Regne Unit, tant per la durada de les accions de protesta com pels enfrontaments entre els diversos sectors implicats. إضراب عمال المناجم (1984 - 1985) هو كبير ضد إغلاق صناعة الفحم البريطانية في محاولة لمنع إغلاق المناجم. وقاد الإضراب آرثر سكارجيل من (NUM) ضد مجلس الفحم الوطني (NCB) وهي وكالة حكومية. أما معارضة الإضراب فكان بقيادة رئيسة وزراء الحكومة المحافظة مارغريت تاتشر، التي وصفت المضربين ومنظمي الإضراب «بالعدو في الداخل». Der einjährige britische Bergarbeiterstreik der Jahre 1984/1985 (Miners’ Strike, auch Coal Strike, 4./9. März 1984 bis 5. März 1985) war ein bedeutender Arbeitskampf, der die Macht der englischen Gewerkschaften langfristig verringerte. Er gilt als schwerwiegende Niederlage der britischen Bergarbeiter und wirkte bis weit über das eigentliche Ende des Arbeitskampfes hinaus: Zum einen wurde der wirtschaftliche Kurs der britischen Regierung unter Margaret Thatcher bestätigt, zum zweiten das Selbstbewusstsein der Arbeiterbewegung nachhaltig beschädigt. Mogok kerja penambang Britania Raya 1984-85 merupakan salah satu peristiwa mogok kerja yang dilakukan serikat pekerja tambang batu bara di Britania Raya (terutama di daerah Yorkshire) pada pertengahan dekade 1980-an (antara tahun 1984 dan 1985). Tindakan ini dilakukan untuk mencegah penutupan tambang batu bara sebagai akibat dari privatisasi tambang batu bara yang dilakukan oleh Margaret Thatcher. Tindakan ini dilakukan oleh Ketua Serikat Pekerja Penambang (National Union of Mineworkers (NUM)) sebagai perlawanan terhadap agen pemerintah, National Coal Board (NCB), yang berada di bawah Pemerintahan Partai Konservatif Margaret Thatcher di mana Thatcher menyebut sebagai "musuh dari dalam" (The Enemy Within). Lo sciopero dei minatori britannici del 1984-1985 (in inglese UK miners' strike) fu un'azione di lotta sindacale condotta dall'Unione Nazionale dei Minatori (NUM) di Arthur Scargill tra il marzo 1984 e il marzo 1985, volta ad impedire la chiusura di venti giacimenti carboniferi nel Regno Unito con il conseguente licenziamento di circa 20.000 minatori. Al termine dello sciopero, durato un intero anno, si registrarono due minatori morti ed un totale di 11.291 arresti da parte della Polizia per "turbamento dell'ordine pubblico" e "interruzione della mobilità veicolare". 1984-1985年的英国矿工罢工是一个影响英国煤炭业的重大，这场罢工对关系具有决定性影响，罢工的失败极大削弱了英国的工会运动。罢工也被看成是玛格丽特·撒切尔政府和保守党的在政治及意识形态上的一场重大胜利。由于(NUM)在1974年的罢工曾让希思政府下台，包括执政的保守党在内的很多人都认为全国矿工工会是英国最强大的工会之一，因此1984-1985年的矿工罢工成了具有象征意义的（阶级）斗争。罢工以矿工失败宣告结束。撒切尔政府的自由市场方案得以巩固。全国矿工工会的政治权力被永久性地削弱了。这场劳资纠纷暴露了英国社会中严重的阶级分化，罢工在英国——尤其是英格兰北部和南威尔士——造成了巨大创痛。在罢工引发的各种事件里，共有10人死亡：其中包括6名工会纠察队员。3名寻找煤核的青少年，以及一个出租车司机大卫西蒙·威尔基。 Tharla stailc na mianadóirí sa Ríocht Aontaithe le linn 1984–1985. Chaill na mianadóirí an troid in éadan Thatcher faoi dheireadh. Ar an 3 Márta 1985, vótáil na mianadóirí dul ar ais ag obair. Bhí an bua ag Thatcher, bua na "Mná Iarainn", mar a thugtaí uirthi. Забастовка британских шахтёров 1984—1985 годов — одно из главных событий в истории рабочего движения в британской угольной промышленности. Забастовка стала решающим событием в британском рабочем движении на данном этапе, и её поражение значительно ослабило британские профсоюзы. Она также рассматривается в качестве главной политической и идеологической победы Маргарет Тэтчер и Консервативной партии. La grève des mineurs britanniques de 1984-1985 est un épisode important de l'histoire de l'industrie britannique, car son déroulement et son aboutissement modifièrent profondément la place des syndicats dans le paysage social et politique en Grande-Bretagne. La grève dura de mars 1984 à mars 1985. Elle marquait l'opposition de l'Union Nationale des Mineurs (National Union of Mineworkers) au projet de la Commission nationale du charbon (National Coal Board), soutenu par le gouvernement de Margaret Thatcher, de fermer d'abord 20 mines de charbon déficitaires, puis d'autres par la suite. Gruvarbetarstrejken i Storbritannien 1984–1985 var en stor arbetskonflikt i Storbritanniens kolgruveindustri. Strejkens misslyckande innebar slutet för fackföreningarnas starka inflytande i Storbritannien. The miners' strike of 1984–1985 was a major industrial action within the British coal industry in an attempt to prevent colliery closures. It was led by Arthur Scargill of the National Union of Mineworkers (NUM) against the National Coal Board (NCB), a government agency. Opposition to the strike was led by the Conservative government of Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, who wanted to reduce the power of the trade unions.
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dbo:thumbnail: n31:UK_Coal_Mining_Jobs.png?width=300
dbp:detentions: 150
dbp:arrests: 11291
dbp:fatalities: 6
dbp:goals: Prevention of pit closures dbr:Ridley_Plan
dbp:howmany: Orgreave: 5,000 Total: 142,000
dbp:injuries: NUM: 72 Police: 51
dbp:leadfigures: dbr:Margaret_Thatcher dbr:Arthur_Scargill dbr:Ian_MacGregor dbr:Peter_Wright_(police_officer) dbr:Leon_Brittan
dbp:result: Pit closures, job losses, foreign coal imports, political unrest.
dbp:side: dbr:National_Union_of_Mineworkers_(Great_Britain) dbr:South_Yorkshire_Police dbr:National_Coal_Board dbr:Government_of_the_United_Kingdom dbr:Metropolitan_Police other police
dbp:title: UK miners' strike
dbp:charged: 8392
dbo:abstract: Mogok kerja penambang Britania Raya 1984-85 merupakan salah satu peristiwa mogok kerja yang dilakukan serikat pekerja tambang batu bara di Britania Raya (terutama di daerah Yorkshire) pada pertengahan dekade 1980-an (antara tahun 1984 dan 1985). Tindakan ini dilakukan untuk mencegah penutupan tambang batu bara sebagai akibat dari privatisasi tambang batu bara yang dilakukan oleh Margaret Thatcher. Tindakan ini dilakukan oleh Ketua Serikat Pekerja Penambang (National Union of Mineworkers (NUM)) sebagai perlawanan terhadap agen pemerintah, National Coal Board (NCB), yang berada di bawah Pemerintahan Partai Konservatif Margaret Thatcher di mana Thatcher menyebut sebagai "musuh dari dalam" (The Enemy Within). Aksi yang sesungguhnya dimulai pada 6 Maret 1984 di Yorkshire kemudian meluas ke seluruh Britania Raya terutama pada 81 titik pertambangan dari 163 tambang batubara yang dimiliki Britania Raya per 12 Maret 1984. Tuntutan yang disampaikan tidak hanya memprotes penutupan sepihak tetapi juga perbaikan upah serta kondisi kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja. Puncak dari seluruh aksi ini terjadi pada 12 Maret 1984 di mana Arthur Scargill mengajak seluruh pekerja tambang batubara melancarkan mogok bekerja secara massal. Mogok massal ini berlangsung hingga setahun kemudian (4 Maret 1985). Aksi mogok dan demonstrasi ini merupakan salah satu aksi terbesar di Britania Raya sejak 1926. Dampak dari aksi protes yang berkepanjangan ini adalah penutupan banyak tambang batubara di berbagai wilayah Britania Raya yang menghasilkan senjakala industri tambang batubara di Britania Raya. Selain itu, aksi mogok massal yang dimulai oleh Arthur Scargill telah mengakibatkan hilangnya 26.1 juta jam kerja produktif terutama di area pertambangan batubara. 1984-85eko Erresuma Batuko meatzarien greba, meatzeen itxiera ekidin nahian, ikatzaren industria gelditzeko mobilizazio handua izan zen. Erresuma Batuko (NUM) sustatu zuen (NCB) gobernuaren agentziaren aurka. Grebaren aurkako oposizioa Margaret Thacher Lehen Ministroaren gobernu kontserbadoreak gidatu zuen. Ezaguna egin zen Margaret Tacherrek grebalari eta grebaren antolatzaileen kontra egiteko, hauei "barne etsai" deitu izana. De Britse mijnwerkersstaking van 1984-85 was een arbeidsconflict binnen de kolenmijnbouw van Groot-Brittannië. De staking werd georganiseerd door de National Union of Mineworkers (NUM), die onder leiding stond van Arthur Scargill. Scargill had het besluit om te gaan staken echter nooit in stemming gebracht onder vakbondsleden. Daarmee zou volgens sommigen de staking onofficieel en ondemocratisch zijn. Dit zorgde voor onderlinge verdeeldheid bij de mijnwerkers. De BBC omschreef de staking als "the most bitter industrial dispute in British history." ("het bitterste arbeidsconflict in de Britse geschiedenis"). Tharla stailc na mianadóirí sa Ríocht Aontaithe le linn 1984–1985. Chaill na mianadóirí an troid in éadan Thatcher faoi dheireadh. Ar an 3 Márta 1985, vótáil na mianadóirí dul ar ais ag obair. Bhí an bua ag Thatcher, bua na "Mná Iarainn", mar a thugtaí uirthi. 1984-1985年的英国矿工罢工是一个影响英国煤炭业的重大，这场罢工对关系具有决定性影响，罢工的失败极大削弱了英国的工会运动。罢工也被看成是玛格丽特·撒切尔政府和保守党的在政治及意识形态上的一场重大胜利。由于(NUM)在1974年的罢工曾让希思政府下台，包括执政的保守党在内的很多人都认为全国矿工工会是英国最强大的工会之一，因此1984-1985年的矿工罢工成了具有象征意义的（阶级）斗争。罢工以矿工失败宣告结束。撒切尔政府的自由市场方案得以巩固。全国矿工工会的政治权力被永久性地削弱了。这场劳资纠纷暴露了英国社会中严重的阶级分化，罢工在英国——尤其是英格兰北部和南威尔士——造成了巨大创痛。在罢工引发的各种事件里，共有10人死亡：其中包括6名工会纠察队员。3名寻找煤核的青少年，以及一个出租车司机大卫西蒙·威尔基。 إضراب عمال المناجم (1984 - 1985) هو كبير ضد إغلاق صناعة الفحم البريطانية في محاولة لمنع إغلاق المناجم. وقاد الإضراب آرثر سكارجيل من (NUM) ضد مجلس الفحم الوطني (NCB) وهي وكالة حكومية. أما معارضة الإضراب فكان بقيادة رئيسة وزراء الحكومة المحافظة مارغريت تاتشر، التي وصفت المضربين ومنظمي الإضراب «بالعدو في الداخل». انقسم الاتحاد الوطني لعمال المناجم NUM حول هذا الإجراء، وعمل العديد من عمال المناجم وخاصة في مع النزاع. ودعم القليل من النقابات العمالية الكبيرة الاتحاد في اضرابه، وسبب ذلك يعود إلى عدم وجود تصويت على المستوى الوطني. وتميز الإضراب ذو السنة بالمواجهات العنيفة بين بعض محرضي الإضرابات السريعة والشرطة، والذي انتهى بنصر حاسم وأتاح إغلاق معظم مناجم الفحم في بريطانيا. وكان هذا النزاع الصناعي هو الأكثر مرارة في التاريخ البريطاني. ضم الإضراب في أوجه 142,000 عامل من عمال المناجم. وعدد أيام العمل التي خسروها بسبب الإضراب كانت أكثر من 26 مليون يوم عمل، مما جعله الأكبر منذ . قال الصحفي سيوماس ميلن عن الإضراب «ليس له أي نظير حقيقي -من حيث الحجم والمدة والتأثير- في أي مكان من العالم». فبدأ مجلس الفحم الوطني (NCB) أوائل الثمانينات بالتوجه وبشجاعة نحو خفض الدعم. فبعد تفادي إضراب بشق الأنفس في فبراير 1981، تمكن من إغلاق مناجم وأدى ضبط النفس إلى إضرابات غير رسمية. ثم بدأ الإضراب الرئيسي يوم 6 مارس 1984 بالامتناع عن العمل في منجم كورتنوود (Cortonwood Colliery) مما أدى إلى مصادقة الاتحاد الوطني لعمال المناجم NUM فرع مقاطعة يوركشاير على الإضراب على أساس نتيجة اقتراع في سنة 1981 في منطقة يوركشاير، والتي طُعِن بها لاحقاً في المحكمة. وكانت إستراتيجية النقابة أن تتسبب في نقص حاد في الطاقة كما جرى في إضراب 1972 والتي تمكنوا من الفوز. اما إستراتيجية الحكومة التي رسمتها مارغريت تاتشر فهي ثلاثية الأبعاد: بناء مخزونات كبيرة من الفحم. وإبقاء أكبر عدد ممكن من عمال المناجم في العمل. واستخدام الشرطة في تفكيك هجمات المضربين على عمال المناجم. أما العنصر الحاسم في ذلك الإضراب فكان فشل اتحاد العمال في عقد اقتراع وطني للتصويت على الإضراب، مما مكن بعض العمال من الاستمرار في العمل وحافظت نقابات أخرى على دعمها. أصبح الإضراب غير قانوني بدءا من سبتمبر 1984 لأنه لم يتم إجراء اقتراع وطني عليه. فانتهى في 3 مارس 1985. وكانت لحظة حاسمة في العلاقات الصناعية البريطانية، فهزيمة الاتحاد الوطني لعمال المناجم NUM أضعف بقوة . وبالمقابل كان انتصارا كبيرا لتاتشر وحزب المحافظين، فتمكنت حكومة تاتشر من تعزيز برنامجها الليبرالي اقتصاديا. وانخفضت الإضرابات بحدة في 1985 نتيجة «للتأثير التجريبي» وتقلصت قوة النقابة. وتوفيثلاث أشخاص نتيجة الأحداث المرتبطة بالإضراب. بعد ذلك الإضراب الفاشل تقلصت صناعة الفحم بقوة حتى خصخصتها الحكومة في ديسمبر 1994 لتصبح شركة فحم المملكة المتحدة (UK Coal plc). كانت لدى بريطانيا 174 منجم نشط في 1983. ولكن بحلول سنة 2009 بقيت ستة مناجم فقط. وازداد الفقر في مناطق تعدين الفحم السابقة، ففي سنة 1994 أضحت جريميثورب في جنوب يوركشير من أفقر المستوطنات في البلاد. Gruvarbetarstrejken i Storbritannien 1984–1985 var en stor arbetskonflikt i Storbritanniens kolgruveindustri. Strejkens misslyckande innebar slutet för fackföreningarnas starka inflytande i Storbritannien. La vaga de miners britànics va tenir lloc entre els dies 6 de març de 1984 i el 3 de març de 1985 i suposà el conflicte laboral més important del Regne Unit, tant per la durada de les accions de protesta com pels enfrontaments entre els diversos sectors implicats. The miners' strike of 1984–1985 was a major industrial action within the British coal industry in an attempt to prevent colliery closures. It was led by Arthur Scargill of the National Union of Mineworkers (NUM) against the National Coal Board (NCB), a government agency. Opposition to the strike was led by the Conservative government of Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, who wanted to reduce the power of the trade unions. The NUM was divided over the action and many mineworkers, especially in the Midlands, worked through the dispute. Few major trade unions supported the NUM, primarily because of the absence of a vote at national level. Violent confrontations between flying pickets and police characterised the year-long strike, which ended in a decisive victory for the Conservative government and allowed the closure of most of Britain's collieries. Many observers regard the strike as "the most bitter industrial dispute in British history". The number of person-days of work lost to the strike was over 26 million, making it the largest since the 1926 general strike. The journalist Seumas Milne said of the strike, "it has no real parallel – in size, duration and impact – anywhere in the world". The NCB was encouraged to gear itself towards reduced subsidies in the early 1980s. After a strike was narrowly averted in February 1981, pit closures and pay restraint led to unofficial strikes. The main strike started on 6 March 1984 with a walkout at Cortonwood Colliery, which led to the NUM's Yorkshire Area's sanctioning of a strike on the grounds of a ballot result from 1981 in the Yorkshire Area, which was later challenged in court. The NUM President, Arthur Scargill, made the strike official across Britain on 12 March 1984, but the lack of a national ballot beforehand caused controversy. The NUM strategy was to cause a severe energy shortage of the sort that had won victory in the 1972 strike. The government strategy, designed by Margaret Thatcher, was threefold: to build up ample coal stocks, to keep as many miners at work as possible, and to use police to break up attacks by pickets on working miners. The critical element was the NUM's failure to hold a national strike ballot. The strike was ruled illegal in September 1984, as no national ballot of NUM members had been held. It ended on 3 March 1985. It was a defining moment in British industrial relations, the NUM's defeat significantly weakening the trade union movement. It was a major victory for Thatcher and the Conservative Party, with the Thatcher government able to consolidate their economic programme. The number of strikes fell sharply in 1985 as a result of the "demonstration effect" and trade union power in general diminished. Three deaths resulted from events related to the strike. The much-reduced coal industry was privatised in December 1994, ultimately becoming UK Coal. In 1983, Britain had 175 working pits, all of which had closed by the end of 2015. Poverty increased in former coal mining areas, and in 1994 Grimethorpe in South Yorkshire was the poorest settlement in the country. La grève des mineurs britanniques de 1984-1985 est un épisode important de l'histoire de l'industrie britannique, car son déroulement et son aboutissement modifièrent profondément la place des syndicats dans le paysage social et politique en Grande-Bretagne. La grève dura de mars 1984 à mars 1985. Elle marquait l'opposition de l'Union Nationale des Mineurs (National Union of Mineworkers) au projet de la Commission nationale du charbon (National Coal Board), soutenu par le gouvernement de Margaret Thatcher, de fermer d'abord 20 mines de charbon déficitaires, puis d'autres par la suite. Lo sciopero dei minatori britannici del 1984-1985 (in inglese UK miners' strike) fu un'azione di lotta sindacale condotta dall'Unione Nazionale dei Minatori (NUM) di Arthur Scargill tra il marzo 1984 e il marzo 1985, volta ad impedire la chiusura di venti giacimenti carboniferi nel Regno Unito con il conseguente licenziamento di circa 20.000 minatori. Al termine dello sciopero, durato un intero anno, si registrarono due minatori morti ed un totale di 11.291 arresti da parte della Polizia per "turbamento dell'ordine pubblico" e "interruzione della mobilità veicolare". Забастовка британских шахтёров 1984—1985 годов — одно из главных событий в истории рабочего движения в британской угольной промышленности. Забастовка стала решающим событием в британском рабочем движении на данном этапе, и её поражение значительно ослабило британские профсоюзы. Она также рассматривается в качестве главной политической и идеологической победы Маргарет Тэтчер и Консервативной партии. Забастовка стала весьма острым актом борьбы, так как Национальный союз горняков (NUM) был одним из самых сильных профсоюзов в стране, и по мнению многих, в том числе консерваторов, находившихся у власти, именно он вынудил правительство Хита уйти в отставку во время забастовки 1974 года. Последующие забастовки закончились поражением горняков, и правительство Тэтчер смогло укрепить свою консервативную финансовую программу, а NUM как политическая сила перестал существовать навсегда. Забастовка вызвала глубокий раскол в британском обществе и привела к значительным последствиям, особенно в Северной Англии и в Уэльсе. В результате событий, связанных с забастовкой, погибли десять человек: шесть пикетчиков, трое подростков, искавших уголь, а также водитель такси, доставивший не участвовавшего в забастовке шахтёра на работу. La huelga minera en Reino Unido de 1984 a 1985 fue una huelga masiva de los mineros británicos que paralizó en gran medida la de ese país entre 1984 y 1985. Fue un momento decisivo en el desarrollo posterior de las relaciones laborales en Gran Bretaña, pues la derrota final de los huelguistas supuso un debilitamiento significativo del movimiento sindical británico. También fue visto como una importante victoria política de la entonces Primera Ministra del país y líder del Partido Conservador, Margaret Thatcher. La huelga a su vez se convirtió en una lucha simbólica entre fuerzas largamente enfrentadas, ya que el Sindicato Nacional de Mineros (en inglés: National Union of Mineworkers o NUM) era uno de los sindicatos más poderosos del país y que había conseguido, entre otros, derribar al gobierno conservador de Edward Heath durante la huelga de 1974. Der einjährige britische Bergarbeiterstreik der Jahre 1984/1985 (Miners’ Strike, auch Coal Strike, 4./9. März 1984 bis 5. März 1985) war ein bedeutender Arbeitskampf, der die Macht der englischen Gewerkschaften langfristig verringerte. Er gilt als schwerwiegende Niederlage der britischen Bergarbeiter und wirkte bis weit über das eigentliche Ende des Arbeitskampfes hinaus: Zum einen wurde der wirtschaftliche Kurs der britischen Regierung unter Margaret Thatcher bestätigt, zum zweiten das Selbstbewusstsein der Arbeiterbewegung nachhaltig beschädigt. Der Streik stellt den Höhepunkt des Konflikts zwischen der von der „Eisernen Lady“ geführten konservativen Regierung und der Bergbaugewerkschaft National Union of Mineworkers unter Führung von Arthur Scargill dar. In Erinnerung blieb der Streik nicht nur wegen seiner ungewöhnlichen Länge, sondern auch wegen des energischen Widerstands der Bergleute gegen die drohenden Schließungen bzw. Privatisierungen der Zechen.
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