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History of the Venezuelan oil industry Historia del petróleo en Venezuela 委内瑞拉石油工业 Història del petroli a Veneçuela
rdfs:comment
在西班牙人來到南美洲以前，委内瑞拉的原住民已经發現了石油。 2008年，委内瑞拉的原油产量達2,394,020桶每日（380,619立方米每日） ，该国还是世界第八大石油净出口国。委内瑞拉也是石油输出国组织的创始成员。 截至2020年，委内瑞拉的已探明石油储量全球第一，儲量估计为3040亿桶，占全球储量的18%。该国曾经是世界上最大的石油出口国之一，但石油行业自2012年达到顶峰後便出现了大幅下滑。 Venezuela es el país con las mayores reservas probadas de crudo pesado del mundo, con 303 mil millones de barriles (enero de 2020).​ Venezuela tiene además las mayores reservas de crudo liviano en todo el hemisferio occidental.​ Su actividad petrolera ha descendido desde fines de la primera década del siglo XXI y para 2020 registra una producción promedio de 500.000 barriles diarios ​ y una exportación de 376.500 barriles diarios, ambas las más bajas en unos 80 años.​ Desde 2018 la industria petrolera venezolana inició una caída con una producción de 1.34 millón de barriles por día en promedio anual de la cual no se ha recuperado​ L'història del petroli a Veneçuela és el resum de les activitats petrolieres què van començar en l'època prehispànica, època en la qual només s'utilitzava el petroli per calafatejar i impermeabilitzar les embarcacions, però la seva explotació es va començar a realitzar formalment en l'època colonial. Va ser de llavors ençà que la indústria del petroli a Veneçuela va anar creixent i es va enfortir fins a arribar al punt en el qual es van nacionalitzar tots els actius de les empreses petrolieres el 1976. Veneçuela és el cinquè país exportador de petroli i el posseïdor de les més grans reserves provades de petroli brut pesant del món, amb 297.570 milions de barrils fins a desembre de 2011. Venezuela has the world's largest proven oil reserves at an estimated 304 billion barrels (18% of global reserves) as of 2020. The country was one of the world's largest exporters of oil, but the oil industry saw a significant decline since its peak in 2012. In 2008, crude oil production in Venezuela was the tenth-highest in the world at 2,394,020 barrels per day (380,619 m3/d) and the country was also the eighth-largest net oil exporter in the world. Venezuela is a founding member of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC).
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The Real and Nominal price of oil from 1861 to 2015. Venezuela's historic inflation rate beside annual oil revenues.
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Crude oil prices since 1861.png Venezuela historic inflation index and oil revenue.png
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"There is no question that Venezuela under Chávez came to experience one of the worst cases of Dutch Disease in the world."
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Foreign Policy
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在西班牙人來到南美洲以前，委内瑞拉的原住民已经發現了石油。 2008年，委内瑞拉的原油产量達2,394,020桶每日（380,619立方米每日） ，该国还是世界第八大石油净出口国。委内瑞拉也是石油输出国组织的创始成员。 截至2020年，委内瑞拉的已探明石油储量全球第一，儲量估计为3040亿桶，占全球储量的18%。该国曾经是世界上最大的石油出口国之一，但石油行业自2012年达到顶峰後便出现了大幅下滑。 Venezuela es el país con las mayores reservas probadas de crudo pesado del mundo, con 303 mil millones de barriles (enero de 2020).​ Venezuela tiene además las mayores reservas de crudo liviano en todo el hemisferio occidental.​ Su actividad petrolera ha descendido desde fines de la primera década del siglo XXI y para 2020 registra una producción promedio de 500.000 barriles diarios ​ y una exportación de 376.500 barriles diarios, ambas las más bajas en unos 80 años.​ Desde 2018 la industria petrolera venezolana inició una caída con una producción de 1.34 millón de barriles por día en promedio anual de la cual no se ha recuperado​ En Venezuela las actividades petroleras comenzaron en la época prehispánica, época en la cual solo se utilizaba el petróleo para calafatear e impermeabilizar las embarcaciones, pero su explotación se comenzó a realizar formalmente en la época colonial, y su explotación a gran escala comenzó en 1914 durante el gobierno del general Juan Vicente Gómez.​ Fue desde entonces que la industria petrolera en Venezuela fue creciendo y se fortaleció hasta llegar al punto en que se nacionalizaron todos los activos de las empresas petroleras en 1976.​​ L'història del petroli a Veneçuela és el resum de les activitats petrolieres què van començar en l'època prehispànica, època en la qual només s'utilitzava el petroli per calafatejar i impermeabilitzar les embarcacions, però la seva explotació es va començar a realitzar formalment en l'època colonial. Va ser de llavors ençà que la indústria del petroli a Veneçuela va anar creixent i es va enfortir fins a arribar al punt en el qual es van nacionalitzar tots els actius de les empreses petrolieres el 1976. Veneçuela és el cinquè país exportador de petroli i el posseïdor de les més grans reserves provades de petroli brut pesant del món, amb 297.570 milions de barrils fins a desembre de 2011. Veneçuela té a més a més les més grans reserves de petroli brut cru lleuger en tot l'hemisferi occidental. L'any 2008, la producció de petroli brut crua Veneçuela va ser la desena més alta del món amb 2.394.000 de barrils diaris, convertint el mencionat país en el vuitè exportador net de petroli més gran del món. Venezuela has the world's largest proven oil reserves at an estimated 304 billion barrels (18% of global reserves) as of 2020. The country was one of the world's largest exporters of oil, but the oil industry saw a significant decline since its peak in 2012. In 2008, crude oil production in Venezuela was the tenth-highest in the world at 2,394,020 barrels per day (380,619 m3/d) and the country was also the eighth-largest net oil exporter in the world. Venezuela is a founding member of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC).
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