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英语不规则动词 Anglická nepravidelná slovesa Kata kerja tak beraturan dalam bahasa Inggris English irregular verbs
rdfs:comment
The English language has many irregular verbs, approaching 200 in normal use—and significantly more if prefixed forms are counted. In most cases, the irregularity concerns the past tense (also called preterite) or the past participle. The irregular verbs include many of the most common verbs: the dozen most frequently used English verbs are all irregular. New verbs (including loans from other languages, and nouns employed as verbs) usually follow the regular inflection, unless they are compound formations from an existing irregular verb (such as housesit, from sit). Kata kerja di atas adalah termasuk dalam kata kerja tak beraturan dalam bahasa Inggris (irregular verb) adalah kata kerja yang mempunyai bentuk ke-2 dan ke-3 secara tidak beraturan. Untuk kata kerja yang beraturan, bentuk ke-2 dan ke-3 nya dapat dibuat cukup dengan menambahkan akhiran "-ed". Banyaknya kata kerja tak beraturan ini kadang kala dipakai untuk menunjukkan keakuratan data statistik dari suatu bahasa, namun banyak orang tidak sependapat dengan hal ini. Anglický jazyk má mnoho nepravidelných sloves. Běžně jich používá cca 200. Pokud počítáme i předponové tvary, je jich podstatně více. Ve většině případů se nepravidelnost týká minulého času (nazývaného též préterium) nebo příčestí minulého. Tucet nejčastěji používaných anglických sloves je nepravidelných. U nově vzniklých sloves se obvykle tvoří tvary minulého času pravidelně. Výjimkou jsou ale slovesa složená z již existujících nepravidelných sloves (např. housesit). 英语中有大约 200 个,如果把前缀派生词也计算在内的话,则会更多。在大多数情况下,不规则动词的不规则性体现在过去式和过去分词上。 通常来说,不规则动词的第三人称单数和现在分词的屈折变化(分别是加 -[e]s 或 -ing 后缀)是规则的,但也有一些例外:如动词 be, have, do, go, say 等。有些情态动词则没有部分屈折形态。 英语中的不规则动词包含了日常生活中最常用的动词。英语中的新词(如外来词)往往遵循一般的屈折变化,除非它们的词根是一个不规则动词(如 housesit 遵循和 sit 一样的不规则屈折变化)。 现代英语中的许多不规则动词由日耳曼语强变化动词派生而来,这些动词往往通过元音变换来体现屈折形式,比如现代英语中 sing-sang-sung。相对的,规则动词在词尾加 -ed 的屈折变化,则是来源于在词尾加齿音(-t 或 -d)的习惯。 有关动词英语中规则动词变位的信息,可参见英语动词条目。
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Kata kerja di atas adalah termasuk dalam kata kerja tak beraturan dalam bahasa Inggris (irregular verb) adalah kata kerja yang mempunyai bentuk ke-2 dan ke-3 secara tidak beraturan. Untuk kata kerja yang beraturan, bentuk ke-2 dan ke-3 nya dapat dibuat cukup dengan menambahkan akhiran "-ed". Banyaknya kata kerja tak beraturan ini kadang kala dipakai untuk menunjukkan keakuratan data statistik dari suatu bahasa, namun banyak orang tidak sependapat dengan hal ini. The English language has many irregular verbs, approaching 200 in normal use—and significantly more if prefixed forms are counted. In most cases, the irregularity concerns the past tense (also called preterite) or the past participle. The other inflected parts of the verb—the third person singular present indicative in -[e]s, and the present participle and gerund form in -ing—are formed regularly in most cases. There are a few exceptions: the verb be has irregular forms throughout the present tense; the verbs have, do, and say have irregular -[e]s forms; and certain defective verbs (such as the modal auxiliaries) lack most inflection. The irregular verbs include many of the most common verbs: the dozen most frequently used English verbs are all irregular. New verbs (including loans from other languages, and nouns employed as verbs) usually follow the regular inflection, unless they are compound formations from an existing irregular verb (such as housesit, from sit). Irregular verbs in Modern English are typically derived from verbs that followed more regular patterns at a previous stage in the history of the language. In particular, many such verbs derive from Germanic strong verbs, which make many of their inflected forms through vowel gradation, as can be observed in Modern English patterns such as sing–sang–sung. The regular verbs, on the other hand, with their preterites and past participles ending in -ed, follow the weak conjugation, which originally involved adding a dental consonant (-t or -d). Nonetheless, there are also many irregular verbs that follow or partially follow the weak conjugation. For information on the conjugation of regular verbs in English, as well as other points concerning verb usage, see English verbs. Anglický jazyk má mnoho nepravidelných sloves. Běžně jich používá cca 200. Pokud počítáme i předponové tvary, je jich podstatně více. Ve většině případů se nepravidelnost týká minulého času (nazývaného též préterium) nebo příčestí minulého. Tucet nejčastěji používaných anglických sloves je nepravidelných. U nově vzniklých sloves se obvykle tvoří tvary minulého času pravidelně. Výjimkou jsou ale slovesa složená z již existujících nepravidelných sloves (např. housesit). 英语中有大约 200 个,如果把前缀派生词也计算在内的话,则会更多。在大多数情况下,不规则动词的不规则性体现在过去式和过去分词上。 通常来说,不规则动词的第三人称单数和现在分词的屈折变化(分别是加 -[e]s 或 -ing 后缀)是规则的,但也有一些例外:如动词 be, have, do, go, say 等。有些情态动词则没有部分屈折形态。 英语中的不规则动词包含了日常生活中最常用的动词。英语中的新词(如外来词)往往遵循一般的屈折变化,除非它们的词根是一个不规则动词(如 housesit 遵循和 sit 一样的不规则屈折变化)。 现代英语中的许多不规则动词由日耳曼语强变化动词派生而来,这些动词往往通过元音变换来体现屈折形式,比如现代英语中 sing-sang-sung。相对的,规则动词在词尾加 -ed 的屈折变化,则是来源于在词尾加齿音(-t 或 -d)的习惯。 有关动词英语中规则动词变位的信息,可参见英语动词条目。
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