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- Women in CNT in Francoist Spain were persecuted as part of state organized efforts to eliminate remaining leftist elements. Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT) was formed in 1910, and from the onset it did not treat women equally to men inside the organization. This continued during the Second Spanish Republic, the Spanish Civil War and into Francoist Spain. In the early Francoist period, women were punished as part of collective punishment efforts by the regime. Being a female relative of a male CNT militant could lead women being given long prisons or even the death penalty. Women were involved in clandestine guerrillas activities, normally by helping organize activities from prison or providing assistance from home. They generally were not part of groups, with a few exceptions. This was a result of a number of factors, including that most CNT women militants only became involved in armed resistance during the Spanish Civil War. Their presence contrasted from that of PCE who kept women out of armed resistance efforts. Despite their occasional involvement in armed resistance, in more urban areas, women were discriminated when trying to join CNT meetings. They were told to return home, and were accused of making the movement soft with their feminine ways. While this was going on, women affiliated with CNT were involved in organizing strike action in the 1940s. CNT was severely repressed during the 1950s and 1960s. The organization eventually signed agreement with members of the Franco government to withdraw from active resistance. This left the organization adrift. When democracy finally did come, they were unprepared. (en)
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