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- Type H Tightlock couplers are a variety of Janney coupler, typically used on North American mainline passenger rail cars. They are designed with mechanical features which reduce slack in normal operation and prevent telescoping in derailments, yet remain compatible with other Janney types used by North American freight railroads. Like all Janney couplers, the Tightlock is "semi-automatic" with the couplers on cars or locomotives automatically locking when cars are pushed together. However, most tightlock couplers are not fully automatic, as workers still need to go between cars to hook up the air lines for the pneumatic brakes, and connect cables for head-end power and other communications. Also, to separate cars, a worker needs to use a lever to move the locking pin that keeps the coupler closed. In Europe, some operators experimented with making fully automatic tightlock couplers by adding integral pneumatic and electric connectors, but these connections experienced reliability issues. Most operators who experimented with fully automatic tightlock couplers have now switched to the more common fully automatic Scharfenberg coupler. Janney Type H TightLock coupler standards were established by the Association of American Railroads. Management and development of the standard was transferred to the American Public Transportation Association in 1971 when passenger service was nationalized in the United States from most private railway companies to Amtrak. On a standard-gauge railway, the nominal mounting height for the coupler (rail top to coupler center) is 33 inches (838 mm), with a 34+1⁄2 ± 1 inch (876 ± 25 mm) maximum height on empty cars and 31+1⁄2 ± 1 inch (800 ± 25 mm) minimum height on loaded cars. (en)
- 密著式連結器是連結器的一種。在使用时，车厢间车钩紧密连接，最大限度地减小纵向连接间隙，使列车的纵向冲动水平大大降低，极大地提高了列车的纵向舒适性和安全性。 中国铁路的密著式連結器主要有柴田式連結器、夏芬博格連結器（Scharfenberg Coupler，又稱Schaku Coupler）、Tomlinson 連結器。在中国运行的“中原之星”、“蓝箭”和“中华之星”等动车组上已采用了此连接技术。在2004年4月18日开通的第五次大提速的25T客车上，全部采用了密接式挂钩。 (zh)
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