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- ستاوروس (Σταυρός) هي كلمة يونانية تترجم غالبا بالصليب، وهي تصف الأداة التي أعدم عليها السيد المسيح. وقد لغير معنى الكلمة على مر العصور (ar)
- Staurós (σταυρός), a veces españolizada como "estaurós", es una palabra griega que en las formas del griego más antiguas (cuatro o más siglos antes del nacimiento de Cristo) se empleaba el plural para significar estacas, postes o palos colocados en posición vertical para formar una empalizada o para actuar como base de una casa construida en un lago. En la forma koiné (c. 300 a. C. – c. 300 d. C.) se usaba el término en singular para indicar un instrumento de ejecución capital. En la forma actual de ese idioma significa "cruz". Es la palabra que se usó en los evangelios canónicos (escritos en lengua koiné en los últimos años del siglo I d.C.) al hablar del instrumento de ejecución de Jesús de Nazaret. (es)
- Stauros (σταυρός) adalah sebuah kata dalam bahasa Yunani, yang biasanya diterjemahkan sebagai salib, yang di dalam Alkitab digunakan dalam rujukan kepada alat di mana Yesus dihukum mati. Arti kata ini telah berubah selama berabad-abad. (in)
- Stauros (σταυρός) is a Greek word for a stake or an implement of capital punishment. The Greek New Testament uses the word stauros for the instrument of Jesus' crucifixion, and it is generally translated cross in Christian contexts. This article covers the use of the word for other contexts. (en)
- Stauròs è un termine greco (in greco antico: σταυρός), il cui significato ha subito modifiche nel trascorso dei secoli. La parola greca "stauròs" ha quindi diversi significati in base al contesto anche storico in cui la si trova, da "palo" a "croce". (it)
- Stauros (gr. σταυρός) – grecki termin, którego znaczenie zmieniało się na przestrzeni wieków, zazwyczaj tłumaczony jako „pal” albo „krzyż”. Termin ten w Nowym Testamencie zastosowany został w odniesieniu do narzędzia, na którym został stracony Jezus Chrystus. (pl)
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- The Greek word for cross σταυρός properly signified a stake, an upright pole, or piece of paling, on which anything might be hung, or which might be used in impaling a piece of ground. But a modification was introduced as the dominion and usages of Rome extended themselves through Greek-speaking countries. Even amongst the Romans the crux appears to have been originally an upright pole, and this always remained the more prominent part. But from the time that it began to be used as an instrument of punishment, a transverse piece of wood was commonly added: not, however, always even then. For it would seem that there were more kinds of death than one by the cross; this being sometimes accomplished by transfixing the criminal with a pole, which was run through his back and spine, and came out at his mouth . In another place Seneca mentions three different forms: "I see", says he, "three crosses, not indeed of one sort, but fashioned in different ways; one sort suspending by the head persons bent toward the earth, others transfixing them through their secret parts, others extending their arms on a patibulum." There can be no doubt, however, that the latter sort was the more common, and that about the period of the gospel age crucifixion was usually accomplished by suspending the criminal on a cross piece of wood. But this does not of itself determine the precise form of the cross ... (en)
- Stauros means "an upright pale," a strong stake, such as farmers drive into the ground to make their fences or palisades — no more, no less. ... Zulon and stauros are alike the single stick, the pale, or the stake, neither more nor less, on which Jesus was impaled, or crucified. ... Neither stauros nor zulon ever mean two sticks joining each other at an angle, either in the New Testament or in any other book. (en)
- denotes, primarily, "an upright pale or stake." On such malefactors were nailed for execution. Both the noun and the verb stauroo, "to fasten to a stake or pale," are originally to be distinguished from the ecclesiastical form of a two beamed "cross." The shape of the latter had its origin in ancient Chaldea, and was used as the symbol of the god Tammuz in that country and in adjacent lands, including Egypt. By the middle of the 3rd cent. A.D. the churches had either departed from, or had travestied, certain doctrines of the Christian faith. In order to increase the prestige of the apostate ecclesiastical system pagans were received into the churches apart from regeneration by faith, and were permitted largely to retain their pagan signs and symbols. Hence the Tau or T, in its most frequent form, with the cross-piece lowered, was adopted to stand for the "cross" of Christ. (en)
- The stauros used as an instrument of execution was a small pointed pole or stake used for thrusting through the body, so as to pin the latter to the earth, or otherwise render death inevitable; a similar pole or stake fixed in the ground point upwards, upon which the condemned one was forced down till incapable of escaping; a much longer and stouter pole or stake fixed point upwards, upon which the victim, with his hands tied behind him, was lodged in such a way that the point should enter his breast and the weight of the body cause every movement to hasten the end; and a stout unpointed pole or stake set upright in the earth, from which the victim was suspended by a rope round his wrists, which were first tied behind him so that the position might become an agonising one; or to which the doomed one was bound, or, as in the case of Jesus, nailed. That this last named kind of stauros, which was admittedly that to which Jesus was affixed, had in every case a cross-bar attached, is untrue; that it had in most cases, is unlikely; that it had in the case of Jesus, is unproven.
Even as late as the Middle Ages, the word stauros seems to have primarily signified a straight piece of wood without a cross-bar. For the famous Greek lexicographer, Suidas, expressly states, "Stauroi; ortha xula perpegota," and both Eustathius and Hesychius affirm that it meant a straight stake or pole.
The side light thrown upon the question by Lucian is also worth noting. This writer, referring to Jesus, alludes to "That sophist of theirs who was fastened to a skolops"; which word signified a single piece of wood, and not two pieces joined together. (en)
- The σταυρός was simply an upright pale or stake to which Romans nailed those who were thus said to be crucified, σταυρόω, merely means to drive stakes. It never means two pieces of wood joining at any angle. Even the Latin word crux means a mere stake. The initial letter Χ, of Χριστός, was anciently used for His name, until it was displaced by the T, the initial letter of the pagan god Tammuz, about the end of cent. iv. (en)
- ... the "fundamental" references to an upright pole in σταυρός [...] does not rightly imply that such terminology in antiquity, when applied to crucifixion, invariably applied to a single upright beam. This is a common word study fallacy in some populist literature. In fact, such terminology often referred in antiquity to cross-shaped crucifixion devices. (en)
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- ستاوروس (Σταυρός) هي كلمة يونانية تترجم غالبا بالصليب، وهي تصف الأداة التي أعدم عليها السيد المسيح. وقد لغير معنى الكلمة على مر العصور (ar)
- Stauros (σταυρός) adalah sebuah kata dalam bahasa Yunani, yang biasanya diterjemahkan sebagai salib, yang di dalam Alkitab digunakan dalam rujukan kepada alat di mana Yesus dihukum mati. Arti kata ini telah berubah selama berabad-abad. (in)
- Stauros (σταυρός) is a Greek word for a stake or an implement of capital punishment. The Greek New Testament uses the word stauros for the instrument of Jesus' crucifixion, and it is generally translated cross in Christian contexts. This article covers the use of the word for other contexts. (en)
- Stauròs è un termine greco (in greco antico: σταυρός), il cui significato ha subito modifiche nel trascorso dei secoli. La parola greca "stauròs" ha quindi diversi significati in base al contesto anche storico in cui la si trova, da "palo" a "croce". (it)
- Stauros (gr. σταυρός) – grecki termin, którego znaczenie zmieniało się na przestrzeni wieków, zazwyczaj tłumaczony jako „pal” albo „krzyż”. Termin ten w Nowym Testamencie zastosowany został w odniesieniu do narzędzia, na którym został stracony Jezus Chrystus. (pl)
- Staurós (σταυρός), a veces españolizada como "estaurós", es una palabra griega que en las formas del griego más antiguas (cuatro o más siglos antes del nacimiento de Cristo) se empleaba el plural para significar estacas, postes o palos colocados en posición vertical para formar una empalizada o para actuar como base de una casa construida en un lago. En la forma koiné (c. 300 a. C. – c. 300 d. C.) se usaba el término en singular para indicar un instrumento de ejecución capital. En la forma actual de ese idioma significa "cruz". (es)
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