| dbo:abstract
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- «أول هجوم على عمان في عهد إمارة شرق الأردن» (يعرف بالنسبة للإنجليز بأول هجوم على عمان) (First Transjordan attack on Amman) ، ويعرف باسم «أول معركة في الأردن» بالنسبة للعثمانيين. حدث هذا الهجوم في الفترة من 21 مارس/آذار إلى 2 نيسان (أبريل) 1918، وكان رد فعل لنجاح التي حدثت بعد الاستيلاء على أريحا في شهر شباط (فبراير) واحتلال وادي الأردن، في حملة سيناء وفلسطين التي قامت أثناء الحرب العالمية الأولى. خلال الهجوم الأول الذي وقع على شرق الأردن، تم التوغل داخل الأراضي التابعة للإمبراطورية العثمانية. كان عبور نهر الأردن في البداية ناجحاً في الفترة من 21 إلى 23 آذار (مارس)، تبعه الاحتلال الأول لمدينة السلط من خلال جبال مؤاب يومي 24 و25 آذار. أما معركة عمان الأولى فقد حدثت في الفترة من 27 إلى 31 آذار (مارس)، إذ تم تعزيز شعبة الخيالة في جيش الأنزاك (القوات العسكرية المشتركة بين أستراليا ونيوزيلندا) بكتيبتين من اللواء 181، تبعهما كتيبتين أخريين من اللواء 181 (فرع لندن الستين)، إضافة إلى سلاح المدفعية. قامت القيادة العامة في الجيش الرابع (الدولة العثمانية) المتمركزة في عمان بتعزيز ثكناتها، وتلقت تعزيزات أثناء المعركة على سكة حديد الحجاز، وقد كانت معركة شديدة بحيث اضطرت القوات المهاجمة إلى التقهقر والتراجع إلى وادي الأردن بين 31 آذار (مارس) و2 نيسان (أبريل). وبذا استمر احتلال أخدود وادي الأردن حتى منتصف شهر أيلول (سبتمبر) 1918 بعد بدء معركة مجدو (1918). في شتاء 1917\1918، حققت القوات المهاجمة مكاسب في معركة مجدو وانتصارات في معركة المغار في شهر أيلول (سبتمبر) 1917 ومعركة القدس في شهر تشرين الأول (أكتوبر) من نفس العام. نتيجة ذلك، تم توحيد خط الجبهة من غزة إلى بئر السبع إلى يافا والقدس. تم تعديل خط الجبهة في شباط (فبراير) 1918 عندما تم تأمين الجهة اليمنى من يافا إلى القدس عن طريق احتلال الأراضي الواقعة إلى الشرق من القدس إلى أريحا والبحر الميت في غور الأردن. كان احتلال أريحا مقدمة ضرورية لتقدم قوات إدموند ألنبي عبر نهر الأردن والوصول إلى جبال مؤاب سعياً لاحتلال مدينتي السلط وعمان. (ar)
- The First Transjordan attack on Amman (known to the British as the First Attack on Amman) and to their enemy as the First Battle of the Jordan took place between 21 March and 2 April 1918, as a consequence of the successful Battle of Tell 'Asur which occurred after the Capture of Jericho in February and the Occupation of the Jordan Valley began, during the Sinai and Palestine Campaign of World War I. During the First Transjordan attack large incursions into Ottoman territory occurred. Firstly the Passage of the Jordan River, was successfully captured between 21 and 23 March, followed by the first occupation of Es Salt in the hills of Moab between 24 and 25 March. The First Battle of Amman took place between 27 and 31 March when the Anzac Mounted Division and the Imperial Camel Corps Brigade (fighting dismounted as infantry) were reinforced by two battalions of 181st Brigade followed by a second two battalions from the 180th Brigade (60th London Division) and artillery. The Fourth Army headquarters located in Amman was strongly garrisoned and during the battle received reinforcements on the Hejaz railway, the strength of which eventually forced the attacking force to retire back to the Jordan Valley between 31 March and 2 April. The Jordan Valley would continue to be occupied by the Egyptian Expeditionary Force (EEF) through the summer until the middle of September 1918 when the Battle of Megiddo began. During the winter of 1917/1918, the considerable territorial gains by the EEF as a consequence of victories at the Battle of Mughar Ridge in November and the Battle of Jerusalem in December, from the Gaza–Beersheba line to the Jaffa–Jerusalem line, were consolidated. The front line was adjusted in February 1918 when the right flank of the Jaffa–Jerusalem line was secured by the capture of land to the east of Jerusalem and down into the Jordan Valley to Jericho and the Dead Sea. The Capture of Jericho was also a necessary precursor, along with the action of Tell 'Asur, and advances by Allenby's force across the Jordan River and into the hills of Moab towards Es Salt and Amman. In March, after several unsuccessful attempts by a British Empire force of Australian, British and New Zealand swimmers, the first Transjordan attack began with the passage of the Jordan River. The swimmers eventually got lines across the fast-flowing river while under fire from Ottoman forces on the east bank, and pontoon bridges were quickly constructed so that infantry and New Zealand mounted troops could cross the river to attack Ottoman defenders on the east bank where a bridgehead was eventually established. Subsequently, John Shea's force of infantry and mounted troops crossed the river and advanced eastwards across the high country; the central column of infantry moving along the main road quickly captured the Ottoman position at Shunet Nimrin on rising ground from the Jordan Valley and the town of Es Salt high in the hills. Meanwhile, the mounted columns continued marching to the north and south of the infantry column on to Amman 30 miles (48 km) east of Jericho on the high plateau. Their objective was to effectively cut the main supply line to the north and south of Amman by destroying long sections of the Hejaz Railway, including tunnels and a viaduct over which the railway travelled near the town. Amman was strongly defended by the Ottoman Army and the blown up sections of the railway were quickly replaced to allow reinforcements to continue to arrive and strengthen the defenders. British Empire infantry and artillery reinforcements were also sent forward from Es Salt, both of which took considerable time to cover the difficult and unfriendly terrain. Although the combined force of infantry and mounted troops made a determined attack on Amman, Shea was forced to retreat to the Jordan Valley from both Amman and Es Salt when it became clear the defenders were too strong, making it extremely difficult, if not impossible to achieve the operation's objective. The only territorial gains following the offensive were the establishment of bridgeheads on the eastern side of the river. (en)
- A Primeira Batalha do Jordão, também conhecida por Primeiro Ataque a Amã e Primeiro Ataque Transjordano a Amã, ocorreu entre 21 de março e 2 de abril de 1918, como consequência da que ocorreu depois da Captura de Jericó em Fevereiro. Durante esta batalha, grandes incursões britânicas foram realizadas no território ocupado então pelos otomanos, que resultou na ocupação de uma série de localidades e posições; contudo, depois de uma série de combates contra as forças otomanas, os aliados foram obrigados a retirar de volta para as posições iniciais, ganhando apenas uma série de pequenos pontos estratégicos. Apesar de se considerar que os otomanos foram vitorioses, a posição das forças de por forças britânicas foi reforçada. (pt)
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| dbo:causalties
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- 1,010 wounded
- 123 missing
- 215 dead
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| dbo:commander
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| dbo:date
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| dbo:isPartOfMilitaryConflict
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| dbo:place
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- 6,000 troops with 15 guns
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- 82647 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger)
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| dbp:caption
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- Ottoman prisoners on their way to Jericho from Es Salt (en)
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| dbp:casualties
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- 123 (xsd:integer)
- 215 (xsd:integer)
- 1000 (xsd:integer)
- 1010 (xsd:integer)
- 1700 (xsd:integer)
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| dbp:combatant
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- *
*
*
Arab insurgents (en)
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| dbp:commander
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- Enver Pasha (en)
- John Shea (en)
- Asim (en)
- Edmund Allenby (en)
- Liman von Sanders (en)
- Philip Chetwode (en)
- Edward Chaytor (en)
- Jemal Pasha (en)
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| dbp:conflict
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- First Transjordan attack/First Battle of the Jordan (en)
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| dbp:date
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- 0001-03-21 (xsd:gMonthDay)
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| dbp:objective
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- establish crossing over the Jordan River, capture Es Salt in the Moab Mountains, advance to capture Amman and cut the Hejaz railway line of communication (en)
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| dbp:partof
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- the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I (en)
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| dbp:place
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- From the Jordan River to Es Salt and Amman (en)
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| dbp:quote
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- Pontoons had to be secured very strongly and yet allow for any sudden rise or fall ... These conditions made it a hazardous movement for mounted men, any break during the transit causing immersion in the raging water with little or no hope of surviving." (en)
- It was, in its way, one of the most daring exploits of the war. A weak division, aided by Australian mounted troops, crossed the Jordan and, cut off from the rest of our army, went clean through the Turks for a distance of forty miles, cut the railway and returned with all their wounded and hundreds of prisoners [but their dead had to be left behind]. Their jumping–off point was a thousand feet below sea level, the railway was four thousand feet above them. There were no roads through the mountains and it rained almost the whole time. They got there in forty–eight hours. When they reached Es Salt the inhabitants turned out en bloc to greet them, standing on the roofs of their houses and loosing off rifles into the air. (en)
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| dbp:result
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| dbp:source
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- 0001-05-15 (xsd:gMonthDay)
- A. S. Benbow, 9th Company, Imperial Camel Corps Brigade (en)
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| dbp:strength
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- 3 (xsd:integer)
- 48 (xsd:integer)
- 145 (xsd:integer)
- dbr:Fourth_Army_(Ottoman_Empire)
- German 703rd Infantry Battalion (en)
- Shea Group
* 60th (London) Division
* Anzac Mounted Division
* Imperial Camel Corps Brigade (en)
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- 31.933333333333334 35.93333333333333
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| rdf:type
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| rdfs:comment
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- A Primeira Batalha do Jordão, também conhecida por Primeiro Ataque a Amã e Primeiro Ataque Transjordano a Amã, ocorreu entre 21 de março e 2 de abril de 1918, como consequência da que ocorreu depois da Captura de Jericó em Fevereiro. Durante esta batalha, grandes incursões britânicas foram realizadas no território ocupado então pelos otomanos, que resultou na ocupação de uma série de localidades e posições; contudo, depois de uma série de combates contra as forças otomanas, os aliados foram obrigados a retirar de volta para as posições iniciais, ganhando apenas uma série de pequenos pontos estratégicos. Apesar de se considerar que os otomanos foram vitorioses, a posição das forças de por forças britânicas foi reforçada. (pt)
- «أول هجوم على عمان في عهد إمارة شرق الأردن» (يعرف بالنسبة للإنجليز بأول هجوم على عمان) (First Transjordan attack on Amman) ، ويعرف باسم «أول معركة في الأردن» بالنسبة للعثمانيين. حدث هذا الهجوم في الفترة من 21 مارس/آذار إلى 2 نيسان (أبريل) 1918، وكان رد فعل لنجاح التي حدثت بعد الاستيلاء على أريحا في شهر شباط (فبراير) واحتلال وادي الأردن، في حملة سيناء وفلسطين التي قامت أثناء الحرب العالمية الأولى. خلال الهجوم الأول الذي وقع على شرق الأردن، تم التوغل داخل الأراضي التابعة للإمبراطورية العثمانية. كان عبور نهر الأردن في البداية ناجحاً في الفترة من 21 إلى 23 آذار (مارس)، تبعه الاحتلال الأول لمدينة السلط من خلال جبال مؤاب يومي 24 و25 آذار. أما معركة عمان الأولى فقد حدثت في الفترة من 27 إلى 31 آذار (مارس)، إذ تم تعزيز شعبة الخيالة في جيش الأنزاك (القوات العسكرية المشتركة بين أستراليا ونيوزيلندا) (ar)
- The First Transjordan attack on Amman (known to the British as the First Attack on Amman) and to their enemy as the First Battle of the Jordan took place between 21 March and 2 April 1918, as a consequence of the successful Battle of Tell 'Asur which occurred after the Capture of Jericho in February and the Occupation of the Jordan Valley began, during the Sinai and Palestine Campaign of World War I. During the First Transjordan attack large incursions into Ottoman territory occurred. Firstly the Passage of the Jordan River, was successfully captured between 21 and 23 March, followed by the first occupation of Es Salt in the hills of Moab between 24 and 25 March. The First Battle of Amman took place between 27 and 31 March when the Anzac Mounted Division and the Imperial Camel Corps Brigad (en)
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| rdfs:label
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- أول هجوم على مدينة عمان في عهد إمارة شرق الأردن (ar)
- First Battle of the Jordan (en)
- Primeira Batalha do Jordão (pt)
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- First Transjordan attack/First Battle of the Jordan (en)
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_Infantry_Division_Jerusalem.jpeg){kind=link}
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