About: Pheneus

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Pheneus or Pheneos (Ancient Greek: Φένεος or Φενεός) was a town in the northeast of ancient Arcadia. Its territory, called Pheniatis (ἡ Φενεατική or ἡ Φενεᾶτις or η Φενική), was bounded on the north by that of the Achaean towns of Aegeira and Pellene, east by the Stymphalia, west by the Cleitoria, and south by the Caphyatis and Orchomenia. This territory is shut in on every side by lofty mountains, offshoots of Mount Cyllene and the Aroanian chain; and it is about 7 miles (12 km) in length and the same in breadth. Two streams descend from the northern mountains, and unite their waters about the middle of the valley; the united river bore in ancient times the name of and Aroanius. There is no opening through the mountains on the south; but the waters of the united river are carried off by

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  • Fèneos (en llatí Pheneus, en grec antic Φένεος Pheneos) era una ciutat del nord-est d'Arcàdia que tenia al nord Egira i Pal·lene, a l'est Estimfal, a l'oest Kleitor i al sud Cafiatis i Orcomen. Estava tancada per tots costats per altes muntanyes, serralades del mont Cilene, que no desaiguaven prou bé, i es van haver de construir sistemes artificials de drenatge. Homer la menciona al "Catàleg de les naus" a la Ilíada, entre les ciutats d'Arcàdia que van anar a la guerra de Troia dirigides per Agapènor. Virgili diu que Fèneos era la mítica residència d'Evandre, i les tradicions connecten la ciutat amb Hèracles. Quan la va visitar Pausànias la va trobar en plena decadència i el temple d'Atena Tritònia que hi havia a l'acròpoli estava en ruïnes però encara hi havia una estàtua de bronze de Posidó, que diu que va ser una ofrena d'Odisseu. Baixant de l'acròpoli hi havia un estadi, i en un turó proper la tomba d'Íficles, el germà d'Hèracles, on s'hi feien sacrificis. També hi havia un temple d'Hermes que era la deïtat principal de la ciutat, encara en bon estat, amb unes estàtues de marbre obra d'Èuquir de Cròpia. De la ciutat sortien diversos camins i carreteres cap a les ciutats dels voltants. A uns 15 estadis anant per la carretera que portava a Acaia hi havia un temple d'Apol·lo Piti, en ruïnes en temps de Pausànias. Més enllà del temple la via es partia en dues, una anava cap a Egira i l'altra cap a Pal·lene. A la cruïlla hi havia un temple d'Àrtemis. Un altre coamí portava a la propera ciutat de Nonacris. El camí que portava a Kleitor anava paral·lel a un canal que havia obert Hèracles per fer sortir l'aigua de la vall, que tenia molt poques sortides i produïa freqüents inundacions. Una altra carretera creuava la muntanya i passava prop del riu Ladó, on hi havia una fortalesa anomenada Penteleion (Πεντέλειον), que també cita Plutarc i diu que era prop de Fèneos, en una muntanya. La carretera que sortia cap al sud portava fins a Orcomen, i en un punt el camí passava per un barranc estret (φάραγξ) on hi havia una abundosa font d'aigua. La ruta cap a l'oest portava fins a Estimfal. Sembla que correspondria a la moderna . (ca)
  • Pheneos ist der Name einer antiken Stadt auf der griechischen Halbinsel Peloponnes, westlich des Kyllene-Gebirges. Nach der griechischen Mythologie war Pheneos der Ort, an dem der Unterweltgott Hades die Kore entführte. Bei Homer wird die Stadt im sogenannten Schiffskatalog erwähnt. Hauptgötter von Pheneos waren Hermes und Demeter; außerdem gab es ein Asklepios-Heiligtum.Politisch spielte Pheneos nie eine große Rolle: Wenig mehr ist bekannt, als dass es im 3. Jahrhundert v. Chr. Mitglied des Achaiischen Bundes war und 225 v. Chr. von dem spartanischen König Kleomenes III. erobert wurde. (de)
  • Η Φενεός ήταν πόλη-κράτος της αρχαίας Αρκαδίας, ενώ σήμερα διοικητικά ανήκει στο Νομό Κορινθίας. Ήταν από τις μεγαλύτερες και σπουδαιότερες πόλεις της Αρκαδίας, βρισκόταν σε πλούσια πεδιάδα που την διέσχιζαν οι ποταμοί και , όταν τα ποτάμια αυτά κατέβαζαν πολύ νερό η πεδιάδα δεν πλημμύριζε, αφού τα νερά τους έβρισκαν διέξοδο στις καταβόθρες. Τα νερά αναδύονταν ξανά μετά από μεγάλη απόσταση, εκεί που ήταν και οι πηγές του Λάδωνα. Οι καταβόθρες αυτές ο μύθος λέει ότι τις είχε σκάψει ο ίδιος ο Ηρακλής για να διώξει τα νερά που λίμναζαν εκεί. Ένας άλλος μύθος λέει ότι οι καταβόθρες αυτές ήταν είσοδος στον Άδη και από εκεί κατέβηκε η Δήμητρα όταν έψαχνε την κόρη της Περσεφόνη. Ένας τρίτος μύθος λέει ότι κάποτε ο Ηρακλής πήγε στους Δελφούς για να πάρει κάποιον χρησμό, η Πυθία αρνήθηκε να του δώσει, και τότε ο Ηρακλής άρπαξε τον τρίποδα και τον έφερε στην Φενεό με σκοπό να ιδρύσει εκεί άλλο μαντείο. Στην Φενεό όμως τον περίμενε ο Απόλλων , βλέποντας ο Δίας τα αδέλφια έτοιμα να τσακωθούν ρίχνει ανάμεσα τους κεραυνό, τέλος ο Απόλλων πήρε πίσω τον τρίποδα και ο Ηρακλής το χρησμό που ήθελε. Σύμφωνα με ιστορικά στοιχεία ο πρώτος οικισμός στο Φενεό, δημιουργήθηκε οπό τους Πελασγούς και αργότερα, το 1900 π.Χ. κατοικήθηκε από Αρκάδες. Το Μυκηναϊκό κέντρο του Φενεού δημιούργησαν οι Αχαιοί το 1500 π.Χ. Είχε ιδρυθεί από τον . Στην πόλη και στην ευρύτερη περιοχή υπήρχαν οι ναοί της Κιδαρίας Δήμητρας, της Ελευσίνιας Δήμητρας στον οποίο υπήρχαν δυο λατρευτικοί λίθοι και οι ιερείς του ναού τελούσαν μυστήρια, του Ασκληπιού, του Φενεάτου Ερμή μέσα στον οποίο υπήρχε άγαλμα του θεού που το είχε φιλοτεχνήσει ο Αθηναίος . 10 στάδια από την πόλη ναός του Πυθίου Απόλλωνος, με βωμό από λευκό μάρμαρο, επίσης εκεί βρίσκονταν και οι τάφοι ηρώων πεσόντων σε μάχη. Κοντά στον ναό ήταν η πηγή της Οινόης. Στην Φενεό υπήρχαν και οι τάφοι του αδελφού του Ηρακλή Ιφικλή πατέρα του Ιόλαου, του Μυρτίλου από τον οποίο έχει ονομαστεί το Μυρτώο πέλαγος, και του Αίπυτου έξω από την πόλη. Οι Φενεάτες συμμετείχαν στον Τρωικό πόλεμο με 60 πολεμιστές και στους περσικούς πολέμους. Φενεάτης ήταν και ο Νεολαΐδας ολυμπιονίκης στην 96η ολυμπιάδα το 396 π.Χ. στη πυγμή παίδων. Από την Φενεό ήταν η Λαονόμη μαμή του Ηρακλή, προς τιμήν του Ερμή γίνονταν τα Έρμαια. Σήμερα η αρχαία πόλη έχει ανασκαφεί και είναι επισκέψιμη. Βρίσκεται κοντά στα χωριά Φενεός και Αρχαία Φενεός. Έχουν βρεθεί τα αρχαία τείχη, ο ναός του Ασκληπιού πολλά λείψανα κτιρίων, αγάλματα και μέλη αγαλμάτων, πινακίδες που βρίσκονται στο αρχαιολογικό μουσείο στην Αρχαία Φενεό. Επίσης ο επισκέπτης μπορεί να δει και τις καταβόθρες οι οποίες υπάρχουν και λειτουργούν ακόμα και σήμερα. (el)
  • Feneo (en griego, Φενεός; en latín Pheneus) fue una ciudad del noreste de Arcadia que tenía al norte Egira y Pelene, al este Estinfalo, al oeste Clítor y al sur Cafias y Orcómeno. Fue mencionada por Homero en el catálogo de las naves de la Ilíada.​ (es)
  • Pheneus or Pheneos (Ancient Greek: Φένεος or Φενεός) was a town in the northeast of ancient Arcadia. Its territory, called Pheniatis (ἡ Φενεατική or ἡ Φενεᾶτις or η Φενική), was bounded on the north by that of the Achaean towns of Aegeira and Pellene, east by the Stymphalia, west by the Cleitoria, and south by the Caphyatis and Orchomenia. This territory is shut in on every side by lofty mountains, offshoots of Mount Cyllene and the Aroanian chain; and it is about 7 miles (12 km) in length and the same in breadth. Two streams descend from the northern mountains, and unite their waters about the middle of the valley; the united river bore in ancient times the name of and Aroanius. There is no opening through the mountains on the south; but the waters of the united river are carried off by subterranean channels (katavóthra) in the limestone rocks, and, after flowing underground, reappear as the sources of the river Ladon. In order to convey the waters of this river in a single channel to the katavóthra, the inhabitants at an early period constructed a canal, 50 stadia in length, and 30 feet (9 m) in breadth. This great work, which was attributed to Heracles, had become useless in the time of Pausanias, and the river had resumed its ancient and irregular course; but traces of the canal of Heracles are still visible, and one bank of it was a conspicuous object in the valley when it was visited by William Martin Leake in 1806. The canal of Heracles, however, could not protect the valley from the danger to which it was exposed, in consequence of the katavóthra becoming obstructed, and the river finding no outlet for its waters. The Pheneatae related that their city was once destroyed by such an inundation, and in proof of it they pointed out upon the mountains the marks of the height to which the water was said to have ascended. Pausanias evidently refers to the yellow border which is still visible upon the mountains and around the plain: but in consequence of the great height of this line upon the rocks, it is difficult to believe it to be the mark of the ancient depth of water in the plain, and it is more probably caused by evaporation; the lower parts of the rock being constantly moistened, while the upper are in a state of comparative dryness, thus producing a difference of colour in process of time. It is, however, certain that the Pheneatic plain has been exposed more than once to such inundations. Pliny the Elder says that the calamity had occurred five times; and Eratosthenes related a memorable instance of such an inundation through the obstruction of the katavóthra, when, after they were again opened, the water rushing into the Ladon and the Alpheius overflowed the banks of those rivers at Olympia. The account of Eratosthenes has been confirmed by a similar occurrence in modern times. In 1821 the katavóthra became obstructed, and the water continued to rise in the plain till it had destroyed 7 to 8 square miles (18 to 21 km2) of cultivated country. Such was its condition till 1832, when the subterraneous channels again opened, the Ladon and Alpheius overflowed, and the plain of Olympia was inundated. Other ancient writers allude to the katavóthra and subterraneous course of the river of Pheneus. Pheneus is mentioned by Homer in the Catalogue of Ships in the Iliad, and was more celebrated in mythical than in historical times. Virgil represents it as the residence of Evander; and its celebrity in mythical times is indicated by its connection with Heracles. Pausanias found the city in a state of complete decay. The acropolis contained a ruined temple of Athena Tritonia, with a brazen statue of Poseidon Hippius. On the descent from the acropolis was the stadium; and on a neighbouring hill, the sepulchre of Iphicles, the brother of Heracles. There was also a temple of Hermes, who was the principal deity of the city. The lower slope of the mountain, upon which the remains of Pheneus stand, is occupied by a village now called . There is, however, some difficulty in the description of Pausanias compared with the existing site. Pausanias says that the acropolis was precipitous on every side, and that only a small part of it was artificially fortified; but the summit of the insulated hill, upon which the remains of Pheneus are found, is too small apparently for the acropolis of such an important city, and moreover it has a regular slope, though a very rugged surface. Hence Leake supposes that the whole of this hill formed the acropolis of Pheneus, and that the lower town was in a part of the subjacent plain; but the entire hill is not of that precipitous kind which the description of Pausanias would lead one to suppose, and it is not impossible that the acropolis may have been on some other height in the neighbourhood, and that the hill on which the ancient remains are found may have been part of the lower city. There were several roads from Pheneus to the surrounding towns. Of these the northern road to Achaea ran through the Pheneatic plain. Upon this road, at the distance of 15 stadia from the city, was a temple of Apollo Pythius, which was in ruins in the time of Pausanias. A little above the temple the road divided, the one to the left leading across to Aegeira, and the other to the right running to Pellene: the boundaries of Aegeira and Pheneus were marked by a temple of Artemis Pyronia, and those of Pellene and Pheneus by that which is called Porinas (ὁ καλούμενος Πωρ́ινας), supposed by Leake to be a river, but by Ernst Curtius a rock. Pausanias describes the two roads which led westward from Pheneus around a mountain – that to the right or northwest leading to Nonacris and the supposed river Styx, and that to the left to Cleitor. Nonacris was in the territory of Pheneus. The road to Cleitor ran at first along the canal of Heracles, and then crossed the mountain, which formed the natural boundary between the Pheneatis and Cleitoria, close to the village of Lycuria. On the other side of the mountain the road passed by the sources of the river Ladon. This mountain, from which the Ladon springs, was called (Πεντελεία). The fortress, named Penteleium (Πεντέλειον), which Plutarch says was near Pheneus, must have been situated upon this mountain. The southern road from Pheneus led to Orchomenus, and was the way by which Pausanias came to the former city. The road passed from the Orchomenian plain to that of Pheneus through a narrow ravine (φάραγξ); in the middle of which was a fountain of water, and at the further extremity the village of Caryae. The mountains on either side were named (Ὄρυξις), and (Σκίαθις), and at the foot of either was a subterraneous channel, which carried off the water from the plain. The eastern road from Pheneus led to Stymphalus, across , which formed the boundary between the territories of the two cities. To the left of Mt. Geronteium near the road was a mountain called (Τρίκρηνα), or the three fountains; and near the latter was another mountain called (Σηπία), where Aepytus is said to have perished from the bite of a snake. Its site is located near the modern , formerly Kalyvia, in the municipal unit of Feneos. (en)
  • ペネオス(古希: Φένεος , Φενεός, Pheneos, 英: Pheneus)は、古代ギリシアのアルカディア地方の北東部にあった都市である。フェネオスとも表記される。 (ja)
  • Фене́й (др.-греч. Φενεός, Φενεάτης, Φενικός, лат. Pheneus) — город в Азании в северной Аркадии, к юго-западу от горы Килини (Киллены) и к северу от надземного бессточного карстового бассейна, который стекает через подземные стоки (καταβόθρα) в Ладон и образует мелкое озеро с периодическими катастрофически высокими уровнями воды. (ru)
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  • Pheneos ist der Name einer antiken Stadt auf der griechischen Halbinsel Peloponnes, westlich des Kyllene-Gebirges. Nach der griechischen Mythologie war Pheneos der Ort, an dem der Unterweltgott Hades die Kore entführte. Bei Homer wird die Stadt im sogenannten Schiffskatalog erwähnt. Hauptgötter von Pheneos waren Hermes und Demeter; außerdem gab es ein Asklepios-Heiligtum.Politisch spielte Pheneos nie eine große Rolle: Wenig mehr ist bekannt, als dass es im 3. Jahrhundert v. Chr. Mitglied des Achaiischen Bundes war und 225 v. Chr. von dem spartanischen König Kleomenes III. erobert wurde. (de)
  • Feneo (en griego, Φενεός; en latín Pheneus) fue una ciudad del noreste de Arcadia que tenía al norte Egira y Pelene, al este Estinfalo, al oeste Clítor y al sur Cafias y Orcómeno. Fue mencionada por Homero en el catálogo de las naves de la Ilíada.​ (es)
  • ペネオス(古希: Φένεος , Φενεός, Pheneos, 英: Pheneus)は、古代ギリシアのアルカディア地方の北東部にあった都市である。フェネオスとも表記される。 (ja)
  • Фене́й (др.-греч. Φενεός, Φενεάτης, Φενικός, лат. Pheneus) — город в Азании в северной Аркадии, к юго-западу от горы Килини (Киллены) и к северу от надземного бессточного карстового бассейна, который стекает через подземные стоки (καταβόθρα) в Ладон и образует мелкое озеро с периодическими катастрофически высокими уровнями воды. (ru)
  • Fèneos (en llatí Pheneus, en grec antic Φένεος Pheneos) era una ciutat del nord-est d'Arcàdia que tenia al nord Egira i Pal·lene, a l'est Estimfal, a l'oest Kleitor i al sud Cafiatis i Orcomen. Estava tancada per tots costats per altes muntanyes, serralades del mont Cilene, que no desaiguaven prou bé, i es van haver de construir sistemes artificials de drenatge. Homer la menciona al "Catàleg de les naus" a la Ilíada, entre les ciutats d'Arcàdia que van anar a la guerra de Troia dirigides per Agapènor. (ca)
  • Η Φενεός ήταν πόλη-κράτος της αρχαίας Αρκαδίας, ενώ σήμερα διοικητικά ανήκει στο Νομό Κορινθίας. Ήταν από τις μεγαλύτερες και σπουδαιότερες πόλεις της Αρκαδίας, βρισκόταν σε πλούσια πεδιάδα που την διέσχιζαν οι ποταμοί και , όταν τα ποτάμια αυτά κατέβαζαν πολύ νερό η πεδιάδα δεν πλημμύριζε, αφού τα νερά τους έβρισκαν διέξοδο στις καταβόθρες. Τα νερά αναδύονταν ξανά μετά από μεγάλη απόσταση, εκεί που ήταν και οι πηγές του Λάδωνα. Σύμφωνα με ιστορικά στοιχεία ο πρώτος οικισμός στο Φενεό, δημιουργήθηκε οπό τους Πελασγούς και αργότερα, το 1900 π.Χ. κατοικήθηκε από Αρκάδες. (el)
  • Pheneus or Pheneos (Ancient Greek: Φένεος or Φενεός) was a town in the northeast of ancient Arcadia. Its territory, called Pheniatis (ἡ Φενεατική or ἡ Φενεᾶτις or η Φενική), was bounded on the north by that of the Achaean towns of Aegeira and Pellene, east by the Stymphalia, west by the Cleitoria, and south by the Caphyatis and Orchomenia. This territory is shut in on every side by lofty mountains, offshoots of Mount Cyllene and the Aroanian chain; and it is about 7 miles (12 km) in length and the same in breadth. Two streams descend from the northern mountains, and unite their waters about the middle of the valley; the united river bore in ancient times the name of and Aroanius. There is no opening through the mountains on the south; but the waters of the united river are carried off by (en)
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  • Fèneos (ca)
  • Pheneos (de)
  • Φενεός (αρχαία πόλη) (el)
  • Feneo (es)
  • ペネオス (ja)
  • Pheneus (en)
  • Феней (Аркадия) (ru)
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