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Following the trial of Charles I in January 1649, 59 commissioners (judges) signed his death warrant. They, along with several key associates and numerous court officials, were the subject of punishment following the restoration of the monarchy in 1660 with the coronation of Charles II. Charles I's trial and execution had followed the second English Civil War in which his supporters, Royalist "Cavaliers", were opposed by the Parliamentarian "Roundheads", led by Oliver Cromwell.

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  • Dies ist eine Liste der 59 Unterzeichner des Todesurteils gegen König Karl I. (England): 1. * John Bradshaw 2. * Thomas Grey, Lord Grey of Groby 3. * Oliver Cromwell 4. * 5. * Sir 6. * John Okey 7. * Sir 8. * Sir 9. * Henry Ireton 10. * Sir 11. * Sir 12. * 13. * John Hutchinson 14. * William Goffe 15. * 16. * Peter Temple 17. * Thomas Harrison 18. * John Hewson 19. * 20. * 21. * 22. * 23. * 24. * 25. * 26. * 27. * 28. * 29. * 30. * Edmund Ludlow 31. * 32. * 33. * Sir 34. * 35. * 36. * 37. * 38. * 39. * 40. * 41. * 42. * John Jones 43. * John Moore 44. * 45. * 46. * 47. * Robert Lilburne 48. * 49. * 50. * Sir 51. * 52. * 53. * John Venn 54. * 55. * John Downes 56. * 57. * 58. * John Carew 59. * Viele von ihnen und ihren Gesinnungsgenossen in Hof- und Regierungsämtern wurden nach der Stuart-Restauration von 1660 Opfer von rächenden Todesurteilen unter Karls Sohn Karl II. (de)
  • Following the trial of Charles I in January 1649, 59 commissioners (judges) signed his death warrant. They, along with several key associates and numerous court officials, were the subject of punishment following the restoration of the monarchy in 1660 with the coronation of Charles II. Charles I's trial and execution had followed the second English Civil War in which his supporters, Royalist "Cavaliers", were opposed by the Parliamentarian "Roundheads", led by Oliver Cromwell. With the return of Charles II, Parliament passed the Indemnity and Oblivion Act (1660), which granted amnesty to those guilty of most crimes committed during the Civil War and the Interregnum. Of those who had been involved in the trial and execution, 104 were specifically excluded from reprieve, although 24 had already died, including Cromwell, John Bradshaw (the judge who was president of the court), and Henry Ireton (a general in the Parliamentary army and Cromwell's son-in-law). They were given a posthumous execution: their remains were exhumed, and they were hanged and beheaded, and their bodies cast into a pit below the gallows. Their heads were placed on spikes at the end of Westminster Hall. Several others were hanged, drawn and quartered, while 19 were imprisoned for life. Property was confiscated from many, and most were barred from holding public office or title again. Twenty-one of those under threat fled England, mostly settling in the Netherlands or Switzerland; three settled in New England. There is no agreed definition of who is included in the list of regicides. The Indemnity and Oblivion Act did not use the term either as a definition of the act, or as a label for those involved. "Regicide" has never been a specific crime in English law, and has never been defined in law. Historians have identified different groups of people as being suitable for the name, and some do not include the associates who also faced trial and punishment. The list has been cited as an early blacklist: the state papers of Charles II (1681) declare: "If any innocent soul be found in this blacklist, let him not be offended at me, but consider whether some mistaken principle or interest may not have misled him to vote." (en)
  • I regicidi di Carlo I d'Inghilterra, sulla base dell' del 1660, furono i 59 commissari (giudici) che fecero parte dell' e che siglarono il suo atto di condanna a morte nel 1649, assieme ad altri ufficiali che presero parte al processo o all'esecuzione e a , influente predicatore repubblicano. Il tribunale era composto da tre membri della Paria d'Inghilterra, quattro membri del consiglio della City of London, ventidue tra baronetti e cavalieri, tre generali, trentaquattro colonnelli, dodici giudici dell'Alta Corte di Giustizia, tre e vari rappresentanti della Camera dei Comuni inglese. Con la restaurazione del 1660, sei di questi commissari e altri quattro presenti all'atto di condanna a morte del sovrano vennero riconosciuti colpevoli di regicidio e a loro volta condannati a morte; uno venne impiccato e gli altri nove vennero impiccati, decapitati e squartati come la legge prevedeva per i regicidi. Nel 1662 altri tre regicidi vennero puniti con quest'ultima pena esemplare. Altri vennero successivamente perdonati, mentre diciannove vennero condannati al carcere a vita, oltre a tre che si trovavano già defunti al momento della restaurazione, i cui corpi a ogni modo vennero profanati. Dei regicidi che sfuggirono alla purga voluta da Carlo II, sette si erano rifugiati in Svizzera, quattro nei Paesi Bassi e quattro in Germania. Tre commissari, , e , si riunirono a New Haven, nel Connecticut, nel 1661, morendo poi di morte naturale e sono ancora oggi ricordati in America. (it)
  • レジサイド(英: regicide)は「王殺し」を意味する英単語であるが、イングランド史上ではイングランド王チャールズ1世の処刑に関わった人物を指す。具体的には1649年1月のチャールズ1世の裁判においてに署名した59人の委員(判事)あるいは1660年免責・大赦法で恩赦対象から除外された104人などを指すことが多い。 第二次イングランド内戦でオリバー・クロムウェル率いる議会派の円頂党は、チャールズ1世率いる王党派の騎士党を破り、国王を捕縛し処刑するに至った()。裁判官や軍人などからなる59人のレジサイドのうち、1660年の王政復古時点で存命中だった者の多くは、チャールズ1世の息子で新たに戴冠したチャールズ2世により厳しい報復処罰を受けた。 チャールズ2世の帰還時、イングランド議会は免責・大赦法を策定し、内戦やその後の(イングランド共和国期)に犯されたほとんどの罪に対し恩赦を与えることを決めた。ところが、チャールズ1世の裁判や処刑に関わった104人は恩赦の対象外とされた。なお、そのうち24名はすでに故人となっていた(オリバー・クロムウェル、(チャールズ1世裁判の裁判長)、ヘンリー・アイアトン(議会軍の将軍、クロムウェルの娘婿)など)ため、儀礼的に「処刑」された。具体的には、遺体を埋葬場所から掘り起こして絞首台にかけたのち斬首し、下の体は絞首台下の穴に投棄され、首級はウェストミンスター宮殿の端の杭に刺して晒された。また存命者のうち数名は最高刑である首吊り・内臓抉り・四つ裂きの刑にかけられ、19名は終身刑となり投獄された。またレジサイドの多くは財産を没収され、公職から追放されたり地位をはく奪されたりした。また21人は国外亡命を選んだ。ほとんどはオランダやに逃れたが、3人は北アメリカのに身を隠した。 「レジサイド」がどの程度の範囲の人々を指すのかという定義については、明確な合意がなされていない。免責・大赦法では、王殺しに関わった人物についてレジサイドという言葉は使っていない。そもそもイングランド法には「regicide」という特定の罪名が定義されたことはない。歴史家たちは「レジサイド」という言葉に当てはまる人物をそれぞれ独自の範囲で選んでおり、中にはチャールズ1世の裁判や処刑に立ち会った者でも含むとは限らないという枠決めをしている歴史家もいる。 レジサイドとして糾弾された人々の一覧は、いわゆるブラックリストの走りであるといえる。チャールズ2世は1681年の布告で「もしこの“ブラックリスト”の中に悪意なき魂が含まれたとすれば、その者は朕に向かって怒るのではなく、その者の誤った信条や関心が誤りの(チャールズ1世処刑)投票に向かわせたことをよく考えるがよい。」と述べている。 (ja)
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  • Dies ist eine Liste der 59 Unterzeichner des Todesurteils gegen König Karl I. (England): 1. * John Bradshaw 2. * Thomas Grey, Lord Grey of Groby 3. * Oliver Cromwell 4. * 5. * Sir 6. * John Okey 7. * Sir 8. * Sir 9. * Henry Ireton 10. * Sir 11. * Sir 12. * 13. * John Hutchinson 14. * William Goffe 15. * 16. * Peter Temple 17. * Thomas Harrison 18. * John Hewson 19. * 20. * 21. * 22. * 23. * 24. * 25. * 26. * 27. * 28. * 29. * 30. * Edmund Ludlow 31. * 32. * 33. * Sir 34. * 35. * 36. * 37. * 38. * 39. * 40. * 41. * 42. * John Jones 43. * John Moore 44. * 45. * 46. * 47. * Robert Lilburne 48. * 49. * 50. * Sir 51. * 52. * 53. * John Venn 54. * 55. (de)
  • Following the trial of Charles I in January 1649, 59 commissioners (judges) signed his death warrant. They, along with several key associates and numerous court officials, were the subject of punishment following the restoration of the monarchy in 1660 with the coronation of Charles II. Charles I's trial and execution had followed the second English Civil War in which his supporters, Royalist "Cavaliers", were opposed by the Parliamentarian "Roundheads", led by Oliver Cromwell. (en)
  • レジサイド(英: regicide)は「王殺し」を意味する英単語であるが、イングランド史上ではイングランド王チャールズ1世の処刑に関わった人物を指す。具体的には1649年1月のチャールズ1世の裁判においてに署名した59人の委員(判事)あるいは1660年免責・大赦法で恩赦対象から除外された104人などを指すことが多い。 第二次イングランド内戦でオリバー・クロムウェル率いる議会派の円頂党は、チャールズ1世率いる王党派の騎士党を破り、国王を捕縛し処刑するに至った()。裁判官や軍人などからなる59人のレジサイドのうち、1660年の王政復古時点で存命中だった者の多くは、チャールズ1世の息子で新たに戴冠したチャールズ2世により厳しい報復処罰を受けた。 「レジサイド」がどの程度の範囲の人々を指すのかという定義については、明確な合意がなされていない。免責・大赦法では、王殺しに関わった人物についてレジサイドという言葉は使っていない。そもそもイングランド法には「regicide」という特定の罪名が定義されたことはない。歴史家たちは「レジサイド」という言葉に当てはまる人物をそれぞれ独自の範囲で選んでおり、中にはチャールズ1世の裁判や処刑に立ち会った者でも含むとは限らないという枠決めをしている歴史家もいる。 (ja)
  • I regicidi di Carlo I d'Inghilterra, sulla base dell' del 1660, furono i 59 commissari (giudici) che fecero parte dell' e che siglarono il suo atto di condanna a morte nel 1649, assieme ad altri ufficiali che presero parte al processo o all'esecuzione e a , influente predicatore repubblicano. Il tribunale era composto da tre membri della Paria d'Inghilterra, quattro membri del consiglio della City of London, ventidue tra baronetti e cavalieri, tre generali, trentaquattro colonnelli, dodici giudici dell'Alta Corte di Giustizia, tre e vari rappresentanti della Camera dei Comuni inglese. (it)
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  • Liste der 59 Unterzeichner des Todesurteils gegen König Charles I. (de)
  • Regicidi di Carlo I d'Inghilterra (it)
  • List of regicides of Charles I (en)
  • レジサイド (チャールズ1世) (ja)
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