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- Institutional psychotherapy (also known as institutional analysis) is a French psychiatric reform movement and approach to group psychotherapy influenced by Marxism and Lacanian psychoanalysis starting in the 1950s. The Association of Institutional Psychotherapy was founded in November 1965. Those associated with the approach include François Tosquelles, Jean Oury, Felix Guattari, Frantz Fanon, and Georges Canguilhem. Institutional psychotherapy proposed a radical restructuring of the insane asylum and the mental health clinic where patients actively participated in running the facility. The approach began in Saint-Alban-sur-Limagnole with Tosquelles, Fanon and Oury, and then continued at the La Borde clinic founded by Oury and where Guattari worked until his death. Institutional psychotherapy is also practiced by Patrick Chemla at the Centre Artaud in Reims and has spread to Spain and Italy. Although similar to anti-psychiatry in its institutional critique, the founders of institutional psychotherapy were adamant about distinguishing their approach from it, claiming that anti-psychiatry failed to account for the reality of mental illness, arguing that psychosis is not merely a social construct and were open to neuroleptics and even at times to electroshock treatment. Guattari wrote of a "systematic failure" of many psychiatrists to understand "what was going on outside the hospital walls", leading to a tendency to psychologize social problems. The goal according to Guattari was to "never to isolate the study of mental illness from its social and institutional context, and...to analyze institutions on the basis of interpreting the real, symbolic and imaginary effects of society upon individuals." Institutional psychotherapy and the terminology used by the group of psychoanalysts associated with the approach took on a noticeable evolution throughout the 1960s to 1980s. After Guattari began to distance himself from the concept of schizoanalysis only one year after the publication of Anti-Oedipus (1972), later Guattari proposed that "institutional analysis" be used instead of "institutional psychotherapy". This change in nomenclature represented Guattari's intention to direct the practice at La Borde in a more political direction, calling for "a political analysis of desire. Guattari offered an extensive critique of institutional psychotherapy in the beginning of Molecular Revolution (1984) and introduced the concept of "institutional analysis". Guattari referred to the interactive transference that occurred at the La Borde clinic as "transversality", while Oury called it "transferential constellation". (en)
- La psychothérapie institutionnelle est un type de psychothérapie en institution psychiatrique qui met l'accent sur la dynamique de groupe et la relation entre soignants et soignés. La visée de soigner le collectif soignant et d'humaniser le fonctionnement des établissements psychiatriques, afin que les patients reçoivent un soin de meilleure qualité, est une caractéristique de ce mouvement thérapeutique. Le secteur psychiatrique français a ainsi été fondé par les représentants de la psychothérapie institutionnelle dans les années 1970, dans le but de rompre avec les pratiques asilaires antérieures et de favoriser les soins ambulatoires dans la Cité. Le Groupe de travail de psychothérapie et de sociothérapie institutionnelles est fondé en 1960 par François Tosquelles, Jean Oury, Roger Gentis, Horace Torrubia, Jean Ayme, Yves Racine, Jean Colmin, Maurice Paillot et Hélène Chaigneau, puis il est rejoint notamment par Félix Guattari, Ginette Michaud, Claude Poncin, Henri Vermorel, Michel Baudry, Nicole Guillet, Robert Millon, Jean-Claude Polack, Gisela Pankow et Jacques Schotte. Les lieux emblématiques en France sont : l'hôpital de Saint-Alban-sur-Limagnole (autour du Dr François Tosquelles), les cliniques de La Borde (Dr Jean Oury) et de La Chesnaie à Chailles (Dr Claude Jeangirard). En France, en 2021 une trentaine de clubs thérapeutiques fonctionnent, ils sont fédérés au sein du Truc (Terrain de rassemblement pour l'utilité des clubs). (fr)
- A psicoterapia institucional é uma abordagem psiquiátrica de terapia em grupo que enfatiza o centralismo democrático e a autonomia dos indivíduos nas relações entre cuidadores e pacientes, além de reinserir elementos da psicanálise como centrais à psiquiatria. Suas bases começaram a se desenvolver a partir da década de 1950, ao longo da Segunda Guerra Mundial, no contexto da reforma psiquiátrica francesa. Fundamentada em bases multidisciplinares, a psicoterapia institucional foi desenvolvida em torno de ideias teóricas advindas do marxismo, da psicanálise freudiana e do lacanianismo. A abordagem da psicoterapia institucional recebeu contribuições de vários intelectuais, a exemplo de François Tosquelles, Jean Oury, Frantz Fanon, Félix Guattari e Georges Canguilhem. A psicoterapia institucional propõe uma transformação radical do modelo operante em instituições de saúde mental, de modo que os pacientes possam participar ativamente do processo terapêutico. Apesar de tecer algumas críticas semelhantes às encontradas na antipsiquiatria, a psicoterapia institucional é uma abordagem distinta. Seus fundadores argumentam que a antipsiquiatria falhou em explicar como as psicopatologias operam na realidade, além de ter se equivocado ao considerar a psicose como sendo apenas um constructo social. De acordo com Oury, a psicoterapia institucional é incompatível com a antipsiquiatria, pois na clínica de La borde certas práticas psiquiátricas, a exemplo do uso de neurolépticos e outros fármacos, permaneceram sendo aplicadas. (pt)
- 体制心理治疗是一种精神病机构中的心理治疗形式，它把重点放在小组的动力和护理人员和被护理者的关系上。对于护理人员和被护理者不作区分是这个治疗运动的特征。在法国，这个疗法的标志性的地点是医院（以为核心）、拉博德疗养院（让·欧利）和La Chesnaie疗养所（Claude Jeangirard）。 (zh)
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- 体制心理治疗是一种精神病机构中的心理治疗形式，它把重点放在小组的动力和护理人员和被护理者的关系上。对于护理人员和被护理者不作区分是这个治疗运动的特征。在法国，这个疗法的标志性的地点是医院（以为核心）、拉博德疗养院（让·欧利）和La Chesnaie疗养所（Claude Jeangirard）。 (zh)
- Institutional psychotherapy (also known as institutional analysis) is a French psychiatric reform movement and approach to group psychotherapy influenced by Marxism and Lacanian psychoanalysis starting in the 1950s. The Association of Institutional Psychotherapy was founded in November 1965. Those associated with the approach include François Tosquelles, Jean Oury, Felix Guattari, Frantz Fanon, and Georges Canguilhem. Institutional psychotherapy proposed a radical restructuring of the insane asylum and the mental health clinic where patients actively participated in running the facility. The approach began in Saint-Alban-sur-Limagnole with Tosquelles, Fanon and Oury, and then continued at the La Borde clinic founded by Oury and where Guattari worked until his death. Institutional psychothe (en)
- La psychothérapie institutionnelle est un type de psychothérapie en institution psychiatrique qui met l'accent sur la dynamique de groupe et la relation entre soignants et soignés. La visée de soigner le collectif soignant et d'humaniser le fonctionnement des établissements psychiatriques, afin que les patients reçoivent un soin de meilleure qualité, est une caractéristique de ce mouvement thérapeutique. (fr)
- A psicoterapia institucional é uma abordagem psiquiátrica de terapia em grupo que enfatiza o centralismo democrático e a autonomia dos indivíduos nas relações entre cuidadores e pacientes, além de reinserir elementos da psicanálise como centrais à psiquiatria. Suas bases começaram a se desenvolver a partir da década de 1950, ao longo da Segunda Guerra Mundial, no contexto da reforma psiquiátrica francesa. Fundamentada em bases multidisciplinares, a psicoterapia institucional foi desenvolvida em torno de ideias teóricas advindas do marxismo, da psicanálise freudiana e do lacanianismo. (pt)
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