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:This page is about the physicist, Homi J. Bhabha. For the critical theorist, see Homi K. Bhabha.
Homi Jehangir Bhabha (October 30 1909 – January 24 1966) was an Indian nuclear physicist of Parsi-Zoroastrian heritage who had a major role in the development of the Indian atomic energy program and is considered to be the father of India's nuclear program.
Bhabha was born in Bombay to Jehangir Hormaji Bhabha, a barrister with the Tata company and Mehran F. Bhabha, nee Pande. Through his mother, Bhabha was the great-grandson of Sir Dinshaw Petit and therefore distantly related by marriage to Mohammed Ali Jinnah through his wife, Rattanbai Petit. He studied at the Elphinstone College and the Royal Institute of Science. He received his doctorate from Caius College at Cambridge University in 1934.
Paul Dirac greatly influenced Bhabha during his study of Mechanical Engineering at Cambridge, to pursue an education in theoretical physics. A research scientist at the Cavendish Laboratories at Cambridge, he was stranded in India as a result of the Second World War, and set up the Cosmic Ray Research Unit at the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore under C. V. Raman in 1939. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society on March 20 1941.
With the help of J. R. D. Tata, he established the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research at Mumbai. With the end of the Second World War and Indian Independence, he received the blessings of Nehru for efforts in India, towards peaceful development of atomic energy. He established the Atomic Energy Commission of India in 1948. He represented India in International Atomic Energy Forums, and as President of the United Nations Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy, in Geneva in 1955. He was a pioneer of nuclear physics in his time and is considered the father of nuclear sciences in India. The construction of India's first atomic power plant began at Tarapur Maharashtra in 1963. Two years later a plutonium plant was installed. The climax came on May 18 1974 when Indian scientists exploded a nuclear device at Pokhran in Rajasthan. India became the sixth country to join the nuclear club.
He died in an air crash invloving a Air India Boeing 707 near Mont Blanc in 1966. Conspiracy theories point to a sabotage intended at impeding India's nuclear program, but his death still remains a mystery.
After his death, the Atomic Energy Establishment was renamed as the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre in his honour. Bhabha also encouraged research in electronics, space science, radio astronomy and microbiology. The famous radio telescope at Ooty, India was his initiation, and it became a reality in 1970.
(en)
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:This page is about the physicist, Homi J. Bhabha. For the critical theorist, see Homi K. Bhabha.
Homi Jehangir Bhabha (October 30 1909 – January 24 1966) was an Indian nuclear physicist of Parsi-Zoroastrian heritage who had a major role in the development of the Indian atomic energy program and is considered to be the father of India's nuclear program.
Bhabha was born in Bombay to Jehangir Hormaji Bhabha, a barrister with the Tata company and Mehran F. Bhabha, nee Pande. Through his mother, Bhabha was the great-grandson of Sir Dinshaw Petit and therefore distantly related by marriage to Mohammed Ali Jinnah through his wife, Rattanbai Petit. He studied at the Elphinstone College and the Royal Institute of Science. He received his doctorate from Caius College at Cambridge University in 1934.
Paul Dirac greatly influenced Bhabha during his study of Mechanical Engineering at Cambridge, to pursue an education in theoretical physics. A research scientist at the Cavendish Laboratories at Cambridge, he was stranded in India as a result of the Second World War, and set up the Cosmic Ray Research Unit at the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore under C. V. Raman in 1939. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society on March 20 1941.
With the help of J. R. D. Tata, he established the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research at Mumbai. With the end of the Second World War and Indian Independence, he received the blessings of Nehru for efforts in India, towards peaceful development of atomic energy. He established the Atomic Energy Commission of India in 1948. He represented India in International Atomic Energy Forums, and as President of the United Nations Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy, in Geneva in 1955. He was a pioneer of nuclear physics in his time and is considered the father of nuclear sciences in India. The construction of India's first atomic power plant began at Tarapur Maharashtra in 1963. Two years later a plutonium plant was installed. The climax came on May 18 1974 when Indian scientists exploded a nuclear device at Pokhran in Rajasthan. India became the sixth country to join the nuclear club.
He died in an air crash invloving a Air India Boeing 707 near Mont Blanc in 1966. Conspiracy theories point to a sabotage intended at impeding India's nuclear program, but his death still remains a mystery.
After his death, the Atomic Energy Establishment was renamed as the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre in his honour. Bhabha also encouraged research in electronics, space science, radio astronomy and microbiology. The famous radio telescope at Ooty, India was his initiation, and it became a reality in 1970."
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Fondò a Bombay un centro di rinomanza internazione dove, con l'aiuto dell'Inghilterra e del Canada, fece costruire reattori nucleari di ricerca e si impegnò nello sviluppo dei reattori di potenza, cioè produttori di energia elettrica.
Nel 1932, avendo vinto una borsa di studio, si era trasferito in Inghilterra, all'Università di Cambridge, dove era entrato a far parte del Laboratorio Cavendish, vivaio di eminenti fisici atomici e di grandi scoperti. Qui si interessò particolarmente ai raggi cosmici e di fisica nucleare.
Ottenuta nel 1937 la laurea di fisica, tornò in India e all'Istituto di Scienze di Bangalore iniziò la carriera che doveva rarlo diventare il capo indiscusso della fisica atomica indiana e un'autorità scientifica internazionale.
Nel dopoguerra, quando le ricerche sull'energia nucleare presero avvio anche in India, Bhabha ebbe una parte di primo piano nel loro sviluppo.
Nel 1948 fu segretario del Dipartimento Indiano dell'energia atomica; nel 1955 presidente della storica Conferenza internazionale sull'atomo di pace che si tenne a Ginevra; nel 1966, quando perì in un incidente aereo sulle Alpi, era presidente della Commissione Indiana per l'energia atomica."
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Homi Jehangir Bhabha (* 30. Oktober 1909 in Bombay; † 24. Januar 1966 in Chamonix bei einem Flugzeugabsturz) war ein indischer Physiker parsischer Abstammung. Sein Arbeitsschwerpunkt war die Kernphysik. 1955 leitete er als Präsident die Genfer Atomkonferenz. Außerdem hatte er den Vorsitz der indischen Atomenergiekommission inne.
Die nach diesem Physiker benannte Bhabha-Streuung ist eine quantenmechanische Elementarteilchenstreuung ähnlich der Møller-Streuung, wobei hier ein Elektron und ein Positron wechselwirken.
Dieser Prozess wird z.B. bei Beschleunigerexperimenten wie LEP am CERN als Monitorreaktion verwendet: Der Differentielle Wirkungsquerschnitt ist bei kleinen Winkeln am größten, so dass mit einem Zähler in der Nähe des Strahlrohres die Luminosität des Beschleunigers überwacht werden kann.
Ihm zu Ehren hat am 12. Januar 1967 die damalige Premierministerin von Indien Indira Gandhi das Atomic Energy Establishment in Trombay in Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) umbenannt. Außerdem ist nach Bhabha ein Mondkrater benannt."
(de)
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Homi Jehangir Bhabha (né le 30 octobre 1909 à Bombay – mort le 24 janvier 1966 au Mont Blanc) est un physicien nucléaire indien."
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Баба Бхабха Хоми Джехангир
Бхабха Хоми Джехангир Баба (30 октября 1909 — 24 января 1966), индийский физик, сыгравший значительну роль в развитии индийской атомной науки и техники .
Учился вКембриджском университете, который окончил в 1930. В 1945 стал инициатором создания Института фундаментальных исследований Тата в Бомбее. Баба стал председателем Комитета по атомной энергии Индии (1947) и директором Атомного центра Тромбей (1957), который он и основал. Баба создал большое количество научных трудов в областях физики космических лучей и теории мезонов и частиц с высшими спинами. Баба совместно Гейтлером разработал каскадную теорию электронных ливней в космических лучах в 1937. Он первым обнаружил и показал, что движущийся мезон имеет большее время жизни, чем покоящийся мезон.
Баба также являлся крупным общественным деятелем. На первой конференции по мирному использованию атомной энергии в Женеве в 1955 он был председателем . Кроме того он несколько лет возглавлял Президиум Международного союза чистой и прикладной физики (IUPAP). Баба был почётным членом нескольких научных обществ и академий наук."
(ru)
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ホーミ・J・バーバー（Homi Jehangir Bhabha、1909年10月30日 – 1966年1月24日)はインドの物理学者である。インドの原子力開発に大きな貢献をした。
バーバーは裕福なパールシー（ペルシャ系インド人）のゾロアスター教徒であり、インドの2大財閥のひとつのタタ財閥一族を親類に持つ。ケンブリッジ大学で機械工学を学び、ポール・ディラックに影響を受け理論物理学に進んだ。1935年、ケンブリッジ大学で学位を得た。宇宙線シャワーの分野で功績をあげた。1939年インドに戻り、バンガロールのIndian Institute of Scienceでチャンドラセカール・ラマンのもとで働いた。1945年ムンバイに叔父のJ・R・D・タタの援助を受けて、Institute of Fundamental Research を設立し所長となった。戦後、ジャワハルラール・ネルー首相の知己を得て、インドの核エネルギー開発のリーダーとなり、多くのインドの核物理学者を育成し、国際的な活動を行った。
1966年ヨーロッパへ向かう航空機の事故で死亡した。
バーバー原子力研究所（BARC:Bhabha Atomic Research Center）はバーバーの功績を記念して名づけられた。"
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