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- Function-Spacer-Lipid (FSL) Kode constructs (Kode Technology) are amphiphatic, water dispersible biosurface engineering constructs that can be used to engineer the surface of cells, viruses and organisms, or to modify solutions and non-biological surfaces with bioactives. FSL Kode constructs spontaneously and stably incorporate into cell membranes. FSL Kode constructs with all these aforementioned features are also known as Kode Constructs. The process of modifying surfaces with FSL Kode constructs is known as "koding" and the resultant "koded" cells, viruses and liposomes are respectively known as kodecytes, and kodevirions. (en)
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- Fig. 5a Schematic cross-sectional slice of FSL micelles. FSL construct by nature of its composition in possessing both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions is amphiphilic . This characteristic determines the way in which the construct will interact with surfaces. When present in a solution they may form simple micelles or adopt more complex bilayer structures (en)
- Fig. 3 Diagram comparing the presentation of antigens in immunoassays between a typical direct attachment and in a function-spacer-lipid .
Upper image shows the antigen presented in a variety of formats directly on a solid surface. The construct attaches randomly to the solid surface.
Lower image shows the same antigen presented in optimal orientation as an FSL construct with a spacer holding it away from the solid surface. The lipid tail causes the construct to attach to the solid surface. (en)
- Fig. 6a A plasma membrane modified with FSL constructs , creating a kodecyte membrane. (en)
- Fig. 4 Combinations of different spacers, lipids and other modifications can be used to optimise the functionality of the function group on the FSL construct.
In all diagrams, the same functional group is represented by the sunflower head.
The first four examples show monomeric presentation of F, with the first example representing the short 1.9nm spacer . The second and fourth with the longer stalks representing the CMG2 7.2nm spacer and CMG4 11.5nm spacers respectively. The second and third constructs have the same spacers, but the lipid tail of the third construct is cholesterol, rather than DOPE.
The last three examples all based on CMG2 spacers , with a DOPE lipid tail are multimeric presentations of F. The first of these is a simple duplication of the F group, while the following has an additional spacer between the F groups. The final construct is a cluster presentation. (en)
- Fig. 5b Hydrophobic surface FSL coating. The hydrophobic lipid tail of an FSL construct will interact and anchor FSL constructs directly onto hydrophobic surfaces. (en)
- Fig. 5c Hydrophilic surface FSL coating. The hydrophobic lipid tail of an FSL construct will not interact directly with hydrophilic surfaces. Instead, due to the amphiphilic nature of the FSL, the construct will spontaneously form into a bilayer. The surface of the bilayer will be hydrophilic, allowing it to interact and anchor the FSLs to the hydrophilic surface. (en)
- Fig. 6b FSL constructs inserted via their lipid tail into a liposome. The spacer of the FSL hold the functional group of the FSL away from the surface. (en)
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- FSL Micelle.png (en)
- FSLs inserted into a liposome.svg (en)
- Hydrophilic surface FSL coating.svg (en)
- Hydrophobic surface FSL coating.svg (en)
- Koded biomembrane.svg (en)
- SL variation.svg (en)
- Comparison between normal and FSL antigen presentation in immunoassays.svg (en)
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- Function-Spacer-Lipid (FSL) Kode constructs (Kode Technology) are amphiphatic, water dispersible biosurface engineering constructs that can be used to engineer the surface of cells, viruses and organisms, or to modify solutions and non-biological surfaces with bioactives. FSL Kode constructs spontaneously and stably incorporate into cell membranes. FSL Kode constructs with all these aforementioned features are also known as Kode Constructs. The process of modifying surfaces with FSL Kode constructs is known as "koding" and the resultant "koded" cells, viruses and liposomes are respectively known as kodecytes, and kodevirions. (en)
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- Function-spacer-lipid Kode construct (en)
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