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- Buharism refers to the socio-political and economic ideology of Nigerian President and former military head of state Muhammadu Buhari. Following the 1983 Nigerian coup d'etat which truncated the Second Nigerian Republic, General Muhammadu Buhari became military head of state. He immediately launched an unprecedented military-led social engineering campaign, War Against Indiscipline, with the aim of forcibly promoting civic virtues. Buharism came to represent a national third force at the height of the Cold War era, favouring neither communism nor capitalism. His economic ideology was solely predicated on the practicalities needed for a Third World nation to develop: mainly economic self-sufficiency, disciplined citizenry, and national development. As the supreme leader and commander of the regime, Buhari significantly derived charismatic authority. The revisionist 1985 Nigerian coup d'état was the antithesis of Buharism; his Chief of Army Staff and successor General Ibrahim Babangida opposed the heavy-handedness of Buhari's social campaign and the economic dirigisme policies. Babangida later went on to become the longest-serving post-Civil War military head of state; his regime saw a drastic re-alignment towards the rapidly emerging new international order with the introduction of the IMF-sanctioned programmes: privatisation, deregulation, and devaluation. Imprisoned and subsequently out of power for 30 years, Muhammadu Buhari contested the 2003, 2007, 2011, and later 2015 presidential elections, winning the last one and defeating the incumbent Goodluck Jonathan. Buharism gradually transformed into a cult of personality and initially enjoyed broad support throughout the country, especially in Northern Nigeria, until the 2019 Nigerian presidential election, which caused a significant decline in Buhari's popularity. (en)
- El Buharismo es un término arraigado en la política de Nigeria, refiriéndose a los principios económicos y a la ideología política del gobierno dictatorial de Nigeria al mando del general Muhammadu Buhari desde el 31 de diciembre de 1983 al 27 de agosto de 1985, cuando él y su segundo al mando fueron depuestos en un golpe de palacio por "dirigir incorrectamente el país de forma continuada". Este gobierno introdujo la Guerra En contra de la Indisciplina (War Against Indiscipline, WAI). Las reformas económicas estuvieron caracterizadas por un movimiento de la economía política fuera del control de un grupo de personas de la administración Buhari etiquetada como élite "parásita", y bajo control de un grupo de personas de la misma administración etiquetada como una emergente clase "productiva". En sus raíces, el Buharismo representó un regreso a la dura dictadura militar de derechas después de 4 años de gobierno civil en Nigeria, de 1979 a 1983. (es)
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- Buharism refers to the socio-political and economic ideology of Nigerian President and former military head of state Muhammadu Buhari. Following the 1983 Nigerian coup d'etat which truncated the Second Nigerian Republic, General Muhammadu Buhari became military head of state. He immediately launched an unprecedented military-led social engineering campaign, War Against Indiscipline, with the aim of forcibly promoting civic virtues. (en)
- El Buharismo es un término arraigado en la política de Nigeria, refiriéndose a los principios económicos y a la ideología política del gobierno dictatorial de Nigeria al mando del general Muhammadu Buhari desde el 31 de diciembre de 1983 al 27 de agosto de 1985, cuando él y su segundo al mando fueron depuestos en un golpe de palacio por "dirigir incorrectamente el país de forma continuada". Este gobierno introdujo la Guerra En contra de la Indisciplina (War Against Indiscipline, WAI). Las reformas económicas estuvieron caracterizadas por un movimiento de la economía política fuera del control de un grupo de personas de la administración Buhari etiquetada como élite "parásita", y bajo control de un grupo de personas de la misma administración etiquetada como una emergente clase "productiva (es)
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