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In the mathematical discipline of measure theory, a Banach measure is a certain type of content used to formalize geometric area in problems vulnerable to the axiom of choice. Traditionally, intuitive notions of area are formalized as a classical, countably additive measure. This has the unfortunate effect of leaving some sets with no well-defined area; a consequence is that some geometric transformations do not leave area invariant, the substance of the Banach–Tarski paradox. A Banach measure is a type of generalized measure to elide this problem.

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  • In the mathematical discipline of measure theory, a Banach measure is a certain type of content used to formalize geometric area in problems vulnerable to the axiom of choice. Traditionally, intuitive notions of area are formalized as a classical, countably additive measure. This has the unfortunate effect of leaving some sets with no well-defined area; a consequence is that some geometric transformations do not leave area invariant, the substance of the Banach–Tarski paradox. A Banach measure is a type of generalized measure to elide this problem. A Banach measure on a set Ω is a finite, finitely additive measure μ ≠ 0, defined for every subset of ℘(Ω), and whose value is 0 on finite subsets. A Banach measure on Ω which takes values in {0, 1} is called an Ulam measure on Ω. As Vitali's paradox shows, Banach measures cannot be strengthened to countably additive ones. Stefan Banach showed that it is possible to define a Banach measure for the Euclidean plane, consistent with the usual Lebesgue measure. This means that every Lebesgue-measurable subset of is also Banach-measurable, implying that both measures are equal. The existence of this measure proves the impossibility of a Banach–Tarski paradox in two dimensions: it is not possible to decompose a two-dimensional set of finite Lebesgue measure into finitely many sets that can be reassembled into a set with a different measure, because this would violate the properties of the Banach measure that extends the Lebesgue measure. (en)
  • Une mesure de Banach est un type de mesure utilisée en mathématiques pour définir formellement l'aire géométrique. Elle est particulièrement utile pour définir l'aire dans les problèmes où l'on a recours à l'axiome du choix. La notion intuitive d'aire peut être représentée en théorie de la mesure, par une mesure sigma-additive ; c'est-à-dire que l'aire de la réunion d'un ensemble dénombrable de parties deux à deux disjointes est la somme des aires de toutes ces parties. Une telle mesure laisse toutefois la possibilité de construire des ensembles non-mesurables, auxquels on ne peut attribuer aucune valeur d'aire. Par conséquent, certaines transformations géométriques comme des découpages ne préservent pas les aires. C'est par de telles transformations que l'on arrive par exemple au paradoxe de Banach-Tarski en dimension 3. Une mesure de Banach est un type de mesure généralisée qui permet de contourner ce problème. (fr)
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  • In the mathematical discipline of measure theory, a Banach measure is a certain type of content used to formalize geometric area in problems vulnerable to the axiom of choice. Traditionally, intuitive notions of area are formalized as a classical, countably additive measure. This has the unfortunate effect of leaving some sets with no well-defined area; a consequence is that some geometric transformations do not leave area invariant, the substance of the Banach–Tarski paradox. A Banach measure is a type of generalized measure to elide this problem. (en)
  • Une mesure de Banach est un type de mesure utilisée en mathématiques pour définir formellement l'aire géométrique. Elle est particulièrement utile pour définir l'aire dans les problèmes où l'on a recours à l'axiome du choix. La notion intuitive d'aire peut être représentée en théorie de la mesure, par une mesure sigma-additive ; c'est-à-dire que l'aire de la réunion d'un ensemble dénombrable de parties deux à deux disjointes est la somme des aires de toutes ces parties. Une mesure de Banach est un type de mesure généralisée qui permet de contourner ce problème. (fr)
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  • Banach measure (en)
  • Mesure de Banach (fr)
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