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Alabama was central to the Civil War, with the secession convention at Montgomery, birthplace of the Confederacy, inviting other states to form a Southern Republic, during January–March 1861, and develop constitutions to legally run their own affairs. The 1861 Alabama Constitution granted citizenship to current U.S. residents, but prohibited import duties (tariffs) on foreign goods, limited a standing military, and as a final issue, opposed emancipation by any nation, but urged protection of African slaves, with trial by jury, and reserved the power to regulate or prohibit the African slave trade. The secession convention invited all slaveholding states to secede, but only 7 Cotton States of the Lower South formed the Confederacy with Alabama, while the majority of slave states were in the

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dbo:abstract
  • La República d'Alabama, o Estat d'Alabama, és la nomenclatura utilitzada per a referir-se a l'Estat actual d'Alabama, al sud-est dels Estats Units, en el període comprès entre l'11 de gener de 1861; fou el quart estat a escindir-se de la Unió poc abans de la presa de possessió d'Abraham Lincoln com a President, i el 4 de febrer del mateix any, quan ratificarien el seu ingrés als Estats Confederats d'Amèrica. Enmig del Cinturó Negre d'esclaus, que eren el 45% de la població de l'Estat l'any 1860, Alabama era totalment dependent d'aquests, sent una de les més grans exportadores de cotó del món. La manca d'un lideratge fort i la radicalització del Partit Demòcrata van portar a que la gran majoria de la població estatal amb dret a vot volgués la secessió; val a dir que un reducte al nord no la va acceptar i va intentar crear un Estat independent anomenat , donant suport a la Unió, però no van tenir èxit. Des de bon principi va ser un dels territoris que més van agitar als anomenats "Estats del cotó" per a escindir-se i salvar-se de l'"amenaça negra" de Lincoln. La conferència per a la creació de la Confederació va tenir lloc dins d'aquest territori, a Montgomery, la capital, el dia 4 de febrer de 1861, i aquell mateix dia va ingressar a la flamant nova nació. (ca)
  • Alabama was central to the Civil War, with the secession convention at Montgomery, birthplace of the Confederacy, inviting other states to form a Southern Republic, during January–March 1861, and develop constitutions to legally run their own affairs. The 1861 Alabama Constitution granted citizenship to current U.S. residents, but prohibited import duties (tariffs) on foreign goods, limited a standing military, and as a final issue, opposed emancipation by any nation, but urged protection of African slaves, with trial by jury, and reserved the power to regulate or prohibit the African slave trade. The secession convention invited all slaveholding states to secede, but only 7 Cotton States of the Lower South formed the Confederacy with Alabama, while the majority of slave states were in the Union. Congress voted to protect the institution of slavery by passing the Corwin Amendment on March 4, 1861, but it was never ratified. Even before secession, the governor of Alabama defied the United States government by seizing the two federal forts at the Gulf Coast (forts Morgan and Gaines) and the arsenal at Mount Vernon in January 1861 to distribute weapons to Alabama towns. The peaceful seizure of Alabama forts preceded by three months the bombing and capture of the Union's Fort Sumter (SC) on April 12, 1861. Alabama was politically divided, voting to secede 61–39%, with most opposition by Unionists in northern Alabama. Citizens would subsequently join Confederate forces, with some Alabamians joining Union forces. Issues of slavery also were divided, with emancipation denied, but slaves protected, allowed trial by jury same as free whites, and African Slave Trade was discouraged in the 1861 Ordinances. Alabama provided a significant source of troops and leaders, military material, supplies, food, horses and mules. At the southern coast, the Alabama ports remained open (with Union blockades, but guarded by forts, floating mines and obstacle paths) for almost 4 years using blockade runners, until the Battle of Mobile Bay (Aug 1864) and the Battle of Fort Blakeley (April 1865) forced Mobile to surrender the last major Confederate port. (en)
  • L'État de l'Alabama déclare qu'il fait sécession des États-Unis d'Amérique le 11 janvier 1861. Il rejoint ensuite rapidement les États confédérés durant la guerre de Sécession. État esclavagiste, l'Alabama est une source importante de troupes et de dirigeants de matériel militaire, de fournitures, de nourriture, de chevaux et de mules ; cependant, très peu de récolte de coton de l'État peut être vendue, puisque le principal port de Mobile est fermé par la marine des États-Unis. (fr)
  • Il ruolo dell'Alabama nella guerra di secessione americana fu significativo e in parte determinante. La Costituzione dell'Alabama del 1861 garantì la cittadinanza ai cittadini statunitensi al momento residenti, proibì i dazi sull'importazione di merci straniere, pose dei limiti all'introduzione di un esercito permanente e si oppose all'emancipazione a livello nazionale, pur sollecitando la protezione degli schiavi afroamericani tramite il procedimento giudiziario composto da un grand jury ed infine riservandosi il potere di regolamentare ulteriormente o vietare il commercio estero di schiavi. La convention per la secessione, tenutasi a Montgomery da gennaio a marzo 1861, esortò tutti gli Stati federati ove proseguiva la pratica dello schiavismo a ritirarsi dagli Stati Uniti d'America, anche se all'inizio solamente sette Stati del profondo Sud risposero all'appello, formando così gli Stati Confederati d'America, mentre la maggior parte di loro tentò di rimanere nell'Unione, proponendo un accordo di compromesso per rendere permanente la schiavitù in tutti gli Stati in cui ancora esisteva legalmente e quindi facendo approvare l', controfirmato dall'uscente presidente James Buchanan ma che non fu mai ratificato. Ancor prima della secessione ufficiale il governatore dell'Alabama, , nel gennaio del 1861 sfidò il governo federale occupando con la milizia statale le due fortezze militari posizionate sulla costa del Golfo ( e ) oltre all'arsenale presente a Mount Vernon, con l'intento di distribuirne le armi in Alabama. La cattura dei due forti, avvenuta senza violenze, precedette di tre mesi il bombardamento di Fort Sumter del 12 aprile. L'Alabama era politicamente divisa, con la secessione che ricevette il 61% dei voti alla convention; la minoranza unionista era forte soprattutto nel nord dell'Alabama; entrambi gli eserciti, quello confederato e quello dell'Unione, videro cittadini dell'Alabama nelle loro file; anche i problemi irrisolti relativi alla schiavitù contribuirono alle divisioni interne, negando il diritto all'emancipazione seppur proteggendo legalmente gli schiavi in processi con giuria, come per i cittadini liberi bianchi: la tratta atlantica degli schiavi africani venne scoraggiata con le ordinanze del 1861. L'Alabama fornì un sostanziale contributo di truppe e comandanti, materiale militare, rifornimenti, cibo, cavalli e muli. Sulla costa meridionale gli scali portuali rimasero aperti (con blocchi navali operati dall'Unione, ma protetti da fortificazioni, mine galleggianti e serie di ostacoli) per circa quattro anni fino alla battaglia della baia di Mobile (agosto del 1864) e alla battaglia di Fort Blakely (aprile del 1865), quando Mobile venne costretta a cedere l'ultimo grande porto confederato. Le pratiche belliche rimasero oggetto di controversia, con le mine terrestri posizionate a Fort Blakely che esplodevano contro le truppe unioniste anche dopo la conclusione della battaglia. Quasi immediatamente dopo la resa dei sudisti, si accusò che alcuni soldati secessionisti venissero fucilati per mano delle United States Colored Troops: ipotesi mai provate. Le prove disponibili indicherebbero che alcuni unionisti potrebbero aver aperto il fuoco contro confederati già arresisi, ma non si verificò mai una strage su larga scala. (it)
  • Штат Алабама одним из первых вышел из состава Соединённых Штатов, вступил в Конфедерацию и сражался на её стороне в годы гражданской войны. Алабама была важным источником живой силы (солдат и офицеров), военных материалов, продовольствия и, на первых порах, хлопка — пока федеральный флот не блокировал порт Мобил. Алабамцы участвовали во многих сражениях той войны; только под Геттисбергом погибло 1750 алабамцев. Всего штат снарядил около 60-ти пехотных полков. (ru)
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  • Flag of Alabama .svg (en)
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  • Alabama (en)
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  • Alabama (en)
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  • "Yellowhammer State", "Heart of Dixie", "Cotton State" (en)
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  • An Address to the Citizens of Alabama on the Constitution and Laws of the Confederate States of America . (en)
  • Constitution of the State of Alabama . (en)
  • letter to the Governor of Kentucky . (en)
dbp:text
  • We have dissolved the late Union chiefly because of the negro quarrel. Now, is there any man who wished to reproduce that strife among ourselves? And yet does not he, who wished the slave trade left for the action of Congress, see that he proposed to open a Pandora's box among us and to cause our political arena again to resound with this discussion. Had we left the question unsettled, we should, in my opinion, have sown broadcast the seeds of discord and death in our Constitution. I congratulate the country that the strife has been put to rest forever, and that American slavery is to stand before the world as it is, and on its own merits. We have now placed our domestic institution, and secured its rights unmistakably, in the Constitution. We have sought by no euphony to hide its name. We have called our negroes 'slaves', and we have recognized and protected them as persons and our rights to them as property. (en)
  • [I]n the South, where in many places the African race largely predominates, and, as a consequence, the two races would be continually pressing together, amalgamation, or the extermination of the one or the other, would be inevitable. Can Southern men submit to such degradation and ruin? God forbid that they should. ... [T]he election of Mr. Lincoln cannot be regarded otherwise than a solemn declaration, on the part of a great majority of the Northern people, of hostility to the South, her property and her institutions - nothing less than an open declaration of war - for the triumph of this new theory of Government destroys the property of the South, lays waste her fields, and inaugurates all the horrors of a San Domingo servile insurrection, consigning her citizens to assassinations, and her wives and daughters to pollution and violation, to gratify the lust of half-civilized Africans. (en)
  • No slave in this State shall be emancipated by any act done to take effect in this State, or any other country. (en)
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  • - Confederate soldiers: 120,000 (en)
  • ---- - Union Soldiers: 10,000 (en)
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  • L'État de l'Alabama déclare qu'il fait sécession des États-Unis d'Amérique le 11 janvier 1861. Il rejoint ensuite rapidement les États confédérés durant la guerre de Sécession. État esclavagiste, l'Alabama est une source importante de troupes et de dirigeants de matériel militaire, de fournitures, de nourriture, de chevaux et de mules ; cependant, très peu de récolte de coton de l'État peut être vendue, puisque le principal port de Mobile est fermé par la marine des États-Unis. (fr)
  • Штат Алабама одним из первых вышел из состава Соединённых Штатов, вступил в Конфедерацию и сражался на её стороне в годы гражданской войны. Алабама была важным источником живой силы (солдат и офицеров), военных материалов, продовольствия и, на первых порах, хлопка — пока федеральный флот не блокировал порт Мобил. Алабамцы участвовали во многих сражениях той войны; только под Геттисбергом погибло 1750 алабамцев. Всего штат снарядил около 60-ти пехотных полков. (ru)
  • La República d'Alabama, o Estat d'Alabama, és la nomenclatura utilitzada per a referir-se a l'Estat actual d'Alabama, al sud-est dels Estats Units, en el període comprès entre l'11 de gener de 1861; fou el quart estat a escindir-se de la Unió poc abans de la presa de possessió d'Abraham Lincoln com a President, i el 4 de febrer del mateix any, quan ratificarien el seu ingrés als Estats Confederats d'Amèrica. (ca)
  • Alabama was central to the Civil War, with the secession convention at Montgomery, birthplace of the Confederacy, inviting other states to form a Southern Republic, during January–March 1861, and develop constitutions to legally run their own affairs. The 1861 Alabama Constitution granted citizenship to current U.S. residents, but prohibited import duties (tariffs) on foreign goods, limited a standing military, and as a final issue, opposed emancipation by any nation, but urged protection of African slaves, with trial by jury, and reserved the power to regulate or prohibit the African slave trade. The secession convention invited all slaveholding states to secede, but only 7 Cotton States of the Lower South formed the Confederacy with Alabama, while the majority of slave states were in the (en)
  • Il ruolo dell'Alabama nella guerra di secessione americana fu significativo e in parte determinante. La Costituzione dell'Alabama del 1861 garantì la cittadinanza ai cittadini statunitensi al momento residenti, proibì i dazi sull'importazione di merci straniere, pose dei limiti all'introduzione di un esercito permanente e si oppose all'emancipazione a livello nazionale, pur sollecitando la protezione degli schiavi afroamericani tramite il procedimento giudiziario composto da un grand jury ed infine riservandosi il potere di regolamentare ulteriormente o vietare il commercio estero di schiavi. La convention per la secessione, tenutasi a Montgomery da gennaio a marzo 1861, esortò tutti gli Stati federati ove proseguiva la pratica dello schiavismo a ritirarsi dagli Stati Uniti d'America, anch (it)
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  • Alabama in the American Civil War (en)
  • República d'Alabama (ca)
  • Alabama nella guerra di secessione americana (it)
  • Alabama durant la guerre de Sécession (fr)
  • Алабама в Гражданской войне (ru)
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