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Municipal elections took place in Israel on 7 November 1978 and were the first Municipal in which Mayors and Council heads, and the Councils themselves, were elected in separate elections. These were also the first elections not to occur on the same date as a legislative election, and the first elections to take place after the 1977 election, which resulted in the Likud winning a plurality of seats and forming a government for the first time. The 1978 election was also the first in which Mayors were directly elected.