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The German-speaking states of the early modern period (c. 1500–1800) were divided politically and religiously. Religious tensions between the states comprising the Holy Roman Empire had existed during the preceding period of the Late Middle Ages (c. 1250–1500)—notably erupting in Bohemia with the Hussite Wars (1419–1434). However, the defining religious movement of this period, the Reformation, would result in unprecedented levels of violence and political upheaval for the region.

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  • ألمانيا في بداية العصر الحديث (ar)
  • Germany in the early modern period (en)
  • 德意志近代史 (zh)
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  • ألمانيا في بداية العصر الحديث كانت الدول الناطقة بالألمانية مقسمة سياسياً ودينياً في بداية العصر الحديث (1500-1800)، وقد انخرطت جميعها في حرب الثلاثين عاماً (1618-1648)، وكانت النمسا الكاثوليكية وبروسيا اللوثرية أبرز المشاركين في هذه الحرب. (ar)
  • 德語國家在政治和宗教上在近代早期(約1500-1800年)的存在分歧和差異。在中世紀晚期(約1250-1500年),組成神聖羅馬帝國的國家之間的宗教緊張局勢一直存在,尤其體現在波西米亞爆發的胡斯戰爭。然而這一時期決定性的宗教改革運動,導致了該地區前所未有的暴力和政治動盪。 通常認為宗教改革運動始於馬丁·路德1517年在維滕貝格市(當時在薩克森選侯國,現在位於薩克森-安哈爾特境內)發表的九十五條論綱。宗教改革將德國各州劃分為新的宗教界線:北部、東部和許多主要城市(如斯特拉斯堡、法蘭克福和紐倫堡)成為新教地區,而南部和西部地區基本上仍然是天主教徒。為了維護神聖羅馬帝國內部的穩定,1555年德意志諸侯和神聖羅馬帝國皇帝簽訂了奧格斯堡和約。然而這些努力最終會失敗,並最終導致了三十年戰爭(1618-1648年)這場歐洲大陸迄今為止最具破壞性的衝突之一。三十年戰爭以威斯特伐利亞和約的簽訂而告終。 這一時期還見證了普魯士王國的出現和壯大,它成為了前任霸權的哈布斯堡王朝的主要競爭對手。在啟蒙時代之後的歐洲近代早期結束和拿破崙戰爭期間神聖羅馬帝國解體之後,這種奧地利-普魯士的對抗將成為19世紀德國歷史發展的最大驅動力。 (zh)
  • The German-speaking states of the early modern period (c. 1500–1800) were divided politically and religiously. Religious tensions between the states comprising the Holy Roman Empire had existed during the preceding period of the Late Middle Ages (c. 1250–1500)—notably erupting in Bohemia with the Hussite Wars (1419–1434). However, the defining religious movement of this period, the Reformation, would result in unprecedented levels of violence and political upheaval for the region. (en)
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