The districts of Turkmenistan (Turkmen: etraplar, sing. etrap) are territorial entities below the provinces of Turkmenistan (Turkmen: welaýatlar, sing. welaýat). They may be counties, cities, or boroughs of cities. The heads of the districts (Turkmen: häkim, translated as "governor" for districts of a welaýat and "mayor" for cities or boroughs of a city) are appointed by the President of Turkmenistan (Constitution of Turkmenistan, Articles 80-81).