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A checked tone, commonly known by the Chinese calque entering tone, is one of the four syllable types in the phonology of Middle Chinese. Although usually translated as "tone", a checked tone is not a tone in the phonetic sense but rather a syllable that ends in a stop consonant or a glottal stop. Separating the checked tone allows -p, -t, and -k to be treated as allophones of -m, -n, and -ng, respectively, since they are in complementary distribution. Stops appear only in the checked tone, and nasals appear only in the other tones. Because of the origin of tone in Chinese, the number of tones found in such syllables is smaller than the number of tones in other syllables. In Chinese phonetics, they have traditionally been counted separately.

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rdf:type
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  • Eintrittston (de)
  • Checked tone (en)
  • Ton d'entrée (fr)
  • 入声 (ja)
  • 입성 (ko)
  • Входящий тон (ru)
  • 入聲 (zh)
rdfs:comment
  • 입성(入聲)은 고대 중국어의 사성(四聲)의 하나로, 불파음 [p̚], [t̚], [k̚] 중 하나로 끝나는 음절을 일컫는다. 현대 표준 중국어에서는 사라졌지만 광둥어, 객가어, 민남어 등의 방언에는 오늘날까지 보존되어 있으며 한국을 비롯한 주변 언어의 한자음에도 남아 있다. 한국어에서는 [t̚]가 /ㄹ/으로 변했지만 입성을 그대로 보존한다(예: 合 합, 割 할, 學 학). 표준 중국어에서 성모가 b, d, g, j, zh, z 중 하나로 시작하고 운모가 n이나 ng로 끝나지 않으면서 성조가 2성(´)인 음절들은 대부분 입성에서 유래했다. * 예: 别 bié 별, 答 dá 답, 国 guó 국, 集 jí 집, 泽 zé 택, 哲 zhé 철(예외: 鼻 bí 비, 值 zhí 치) (ko)
  • 入声(にっしょう、にゅうせい)は、古代中国語の声調(四声)のうち、音節末子音が内破音 [p̚]、[t̚]、[k̚] で構成され、短く詰まって発音される音節を調類としたものをいう。韻尾の分類からは入声韻と呼ばれ、陰声韻(母音)・陽声韻(鼻音 [m]、[n]、[ŋ])と対立する。仄声に属する(仄声には他に上声と去声がある)。中古音では明確にこの音素を持っていたと考えられるが、現代中国語では方言によっては変化・消滅し、普通話では失われている。 (ja)
  • Входящий тон (кит. трад. 入聲, упр. 入声, пиньинь rùshēng, палл. жушэн — «тон иероглифа 入 („входить“)») — один из тонов среднекитайского языка. Отсутствует в современном общекитайском путунхуа, но сохранился во многих юго-восточных диалектах: кантонском, юэ, минь, хакка. С фонетической точки зрения, входящий тон скорее не тон, а просто слог, заканчивающийся на взрывную согласную или гортанную смычку. Поскольку входящий тон использовался в древнекитайской поэзии, он помогает реконструировать древне- и среднекитайскую фонологию. (ru)
  • A checked tone, commonly known by the Chinese calque entering tone, is one of the four syllable types in the phonology of Middle Chinese. Although usually translated as "tone", a checked tone is not a tone in the phonetic sense but rather a syllable that ends in a stop consonant or a glottal stop. Separating the checked tone allows -p, -t, and -k to be treated as allophones of -m, -n, and -ng, respectively, since they are in complementary distribution. Stops appear only in the checked tone, and nasals appear only in the other tones. Because of the origin of tone in Chinese, the number of tones found in such syllables is smaller than the number of tones in other syllables. In Chinese phonetics, they have traditionally been counted separately. (en)
  • Le ton d'entrée (chinois simplifié : 入声 ; chinois traditionnel : 入聲 ; pinyin : Rùshēng) est un des quatre tons de la phonologie du chinois médiéval. Le ton est généralement décrit comme court et vif, et est toujours en vigueur pour plusieurs variétés des langues chinoises (mais pas de toutes). De nos jours, le ton d'entrée a disparu de la plupart des dialectes mandarins. Ce ton reste notoirement utilisé dans les langues chinoises méridionales, dont le Yue (cantonais), les langues Min, et le Hakka. (fr)
  • 入聲(checked tone、entering tone)是音韻學之概念,包括入聲韻及入聲調。在一般行文中,此二概念往往都混同、省稱為入聲。 入聲韻又稱促聲韻,是指傳承自古代漢語之一類音節結構,其韻尾以濁塞音快速結束,再無聲除阻,例如「谷」(南京話:gu⁵入聲[kuʔ˥],廣州話:guk¹上陰入)相對於「菇」(南京話:gu¹陰平[ku˧˩],廣州話:gu¹陰平)。入聲字是指音節有此類結構之字,此類字之聲調在隋朝韻書《切韻》至宋朝韻書《廣韻》都屬於入聲調類,其入聲聲調是短而急促。在該時代,入聲都穩定並完整存在於中原語言之中,擁有-p、-t、-k三種輔音韻尾。入聲調根據傳統音韻學屬於「四聲」之一,入聲調和非入聲之差別更多來自音質短促而非高低音調值。由於當時之具體調值已經不可考,故無法得知入聲與其他聲調在當時是否擁有相同調值。 中古漢語入聲演變成多種漢語變體中之入聲調類,各種漢語之入聲調值或有不同,但調型一般都是短促而急收藏。在現代漢語中,有不少保留入聲:例如,粵語及客家话完整保留輔音韻尾以及入聲聲調;江淮官話、吳語等已經丟失輔音韻尾,但擁有區別於其它聲調的急促聲調。即使官話內多數方言不再有入聲,入聲字如何歸派依舊是主流學界給官話分類的唯一標準。 (zh)
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