About: History of the Islamic Republic of Iran

An Entity of Type: place, from Named Graph: http://dbpedia.org, within Data Space: dbpedia.org:8891

One of the most dramatic changes in government in Iran's history was seen with the 1979 Iranian Revolution where Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was overthrown and replaced by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini. The authoritarian monarchy was replaced by an long-lasting Shiite Islamic totalitarian Islamic republic based on the principle of rule by Islamic jurists, (or "Velayat-e faqih"), where Shiite jurists serve as head of state and in many powerful governmental roles. A pro-Western, pro-American foreign policy was exchanged for one of "neither east nor west", said to rest on the three "pillars" of mandatory veil (hijab) for women, and opposition to the United States and Israel. A rapidly modernizing capitalist economy was replaced by a populist and Islamic economy and culture.

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  • كان من أعظم التغيرات في الحكومة في تاريخ إيران الحديث قيام الثورة الإسلامية الإيرانية عام 1979، حيث خُلع الشاه محمد رضا بهلوي وحل محله آية الله روح الله الخميني. استُبدلت بالمَلكية الوطنية جمهورية إسلامية قائمة على مبدأ ولاية الفقيه الذي يتولى فيه الفقهاء حكم الدولة وكثيرًا من المناصب الحكومية النافذة. واستُبدلت بالسياسة المؤيدة للغرب ولأمريكا سياسةٌ على مبدأ (لا شرقية ولا غربية) استندت إلى ثلاثة أسس هي: الحجاب الإجباري للنساء، ومعارضة الولايات المتحدة، ومعارضة إسرائيل. واستُبدل بالنظام الرأسمالي سريع التحديث والتطور نظامٌ اقتصادي حضاري شعبي إسلامي. كان قائد الثورة ومؤسس الجمهورية الإسلامية آية الله روح الله الخميني القائد الأعلى لإيران حتى موته في 1989، ثم خلفه علي خامنئي. (ar)
  • Die Geschichte des Iran seit 1979 beginnt mit der Islamischen Revolution und der Gründung der Islamischen Republik, die im Iran seit dem 1. April 1979 besteht. Fast vier Jahrzehnte hatte Schah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi mit Unterstützung westlicher Staaten, vor allem der USA, das ölreiche Land als Monarch beherrscht. Am 18. Januar 1979 floh der Schah aus Iran vor Unruhen, in deren Folge der schiitische Geistliche Ruhollah Chomeini zum weltlichen Führer aufstieg. Seitdem ist der oberste Rechtsgelehrte des Iran zugleich die wichtigste politische Macht, gemeinsam mit dem Wächterrat, bestehend aus streng religiösen Geistlichen. Daneben gibt es einen vom Volk gewählten Staatspräsidenten. Die Präsidenten- und Parlamentswahlen in Iran werden allerdings stark manipuliert, unter anderem dadurch, dass der Wächterrat über die Zulassung der Kandidaten entscheidet. Unter wechselnden Staatspräsidenten hat das Regime seine wesentliche Struktur beibehalten. Durch seine Politik ist es international weitgehend isoliert. Das Ausland kritisiert vor allem die vermuteten Versuche des Iran, Kernwaffen herstellen zu können. Besonders Israel sieht sich dadurch bedroht. Der ehemalige Staatspräsident Mahmud Ahmadineschād (2005–2013) ist als radikaler Antisemit und Holocaustleugner bekannt, sowie das Regime insgesamt für seine Menschenrechtsverletzungen. Zudem waren die Jahre 1980–1988 vom Iran-Irak-Krieg überschattet, mit mutmaßlich mehreren hunderttausenden Toten auf beiden Seiten. (de)
  • One of the most dramatic changes in government in Iran's history was seen with the 1979 Iranian Revolution where Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was overthrown and replaced by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini. The authoritarian monarchy was replaced by an long-lasting Shiite Islamic totalitarian Islamic republic based on the principle of rule by Islamic jurists, (or "Velayat-e faqih"), where Shiite jurists serve as head of state and in many powerful governmental roles. A pro-Western, pro-American foreign policy was exchanged for one of "neither east nor west", said to rest on the three "pillars" of mandatory veil (hijab) for women, and opposition to the United States and Israel. A rapidly modernizing capitalist economy was replaced by a populist and Islamic economy and culture. The leader of the revolution and founder of the Islamic Republic, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, was the Supreme Leader of Iran until his death in 1989. He was followed by Ali Khamenei. (en)
  • Исламская республика Иран была основана 1 апреля 1979 года в результате Исламской революции под предводительством аятоллы Хомейни. (ru)
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  • Top oil-producing countries (en)
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  • Chart | width=300 | height=150 | xAxisTitle=Year | yAxisTitle=Crude Oil Production (Mbbl/d) | yAxisMin = 0 | yAxisMax = 12000 | legend= | y1Title=Canada | y2Title=China | y3Title=Iran | y4Title=Russia | y5Title=Saudi Arabia | y6Title=United States | type=line | x=1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018 | y1=1798,1551,1430,1314,1321,1316,1500,1435.202186,1284.728767,1271.150685,1356.230137,1437.622951,1471.052055,1474.219178,1534.928767,1616.23224,1560.09589,1552.999671,1547.980644,1605.225025,1679.0784,1746.194521,1805.271233,1836.674863,1922.394521,1981.084932,1906.635616,1976.893443,2029.172603,2170.6,2305.726027,2398.420765,2368.877597,2525.397101,2628.124781,2579.308861,2579.479849,2740.756164,2900.646575,3137.838798,3325.128767,3613.224658,3677.126027,3679.046448,3976.665753,4343.361644 | y2=1090,1315,1490,1670,1874,2082,2122,2113.852459,2012.438356,2045,2119.60274,2295.669399,2505.164384,2620.287671,2690,2730.319672,2756.791781,2773.999159,2835.00043,2844.663106,2889.801184,2939.287671,2990.049315,3131.338798,3200.342466,3198.178082,3194.994521,3248.762295,3300.004,3389.652055,3408.871233,3485.314208,3608.621918,3672.735068,3735.971233,3790.181967,3795.95863,4078.360274,4052.055616,4074.074317,4163.816712,4208.254795,4277.693151,3983.480874,3821.230137,3772.876712 | y3=5861,6021.6,5350.1,5882.9,5662.8,5241.7,3168,1661.967213,1379.956164,2213.838356,2439.756164,2174.31694,2250.474183,2034.986301,2298.057534,2240.030055,2809.873973,3087.998989,3311.999723,3429.098361,3539.864232,3618.054795,3643.219178,3685.710383,3664.178082,3633.767123,3557.164384,3696.3,3723.70137,3444.30137,3742.794973,4001.434426,4138.575342,4027.808219,3911.890411,4050.273224,4037.038348,4080.418951,4054,3386.849727,3113.29863,3239.068493,3293.189041,4151.166667,4468.69589,4254.827397 | y4=,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,7631.937156,6730.008721,6135.084932,5995.221918,5849.874317,5920.084932,5853.882192,6078.983562,6479.202,6917,7408.173,8132.198795,8804.70765,9043.082192,9247.205479,9437.063449,9356.783607,9495.364932,9694.114466,9773.517808,9921.60929,10053.84384,10107.08767,10252.85479,10551.49727,10580.19178,10758.66027 | y5=7596,8480,7075,8577,9245,8301,9532,9900.15847,9814.947945,6482.991781,5085.89589,4663.202186,3387.821918,4870.016438,4264.991781,5085.95082,5064.156164,6410.003595,8114.995863,8332.19425,8198.232877,8119.873973,8231.232877,8218.117486,8362.175342,8388.90411,7833.391781,8403.79918,8031.09589,7634.39589,8775,9100.819672,9550.136986,9152.328767,8721.506849,9261.25097,8250.112447,8900,9458.356164,9832.322404,9693.150685,9735.342466,10168.24658,10460.71038,10133.75342,10425.13699 | y6=9207.953,8774.205,8374.737,8131.639,8244.562,8707.441,8551.534,8596.625757,8571.572515,8648.534345,8687.668397,8878.950702,8971.377997,8680.14249,8348.978025,8139.688511,7613.07671,7355.307356,7416.545101,7171.124525,6846.664918,6661.627397,6559.589041,6464.557377,6451.435616,6251.909589,5881.460274,5821.601095,5801.402738,5744.076712,5649.238356,5440.915301,5183.712329,5085.865786,5073.898375,4999.669254,5356.695871,5484.267945,5666.619277,6518.316888,7492.879452,8786.865679,9438.734255,8839.297746,9351.830356,10990.46488 (en)
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  • "A Lasting Iran" (en)
  • Pâyande Bâdâ Irân (en)
  • File:Sorud-e Mellí-e Yomhurí-e Eslamí-e Irán (instrumental).oga (en)
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  • Исламская республика Иран была основана 1 апреля 1979 года в результате Исламской революции под предводительством аятоллы Хомейни. (ru)
  • كان من أعظم التغيرات في الحكومة في تاريخ إيران الحديث قيام الثورة الإسلامية الإيرانية عام 1979، حيث خُلع الشاه محمد رضا بهلوي وحل محله آية الله روح الله الخميني. استُبدلت بالمَلكية الوطنية جمهورية إسلامية قائمة على مبدأ ولاية الفقيه الذي يتولى فيه الفقهاء حكم الدولة وكثيرًا من المناصب الحكومية النافذة. واستُبدلت بالسياسة المؤيدة للغرب ولأمريكا سياسةٌ على مبدأ (لا شرقية ولا غربية) استندت إلى ثلاثة أسس هي: الحجاب الإجباري للنساء، ومعارضة الولايات المتحدة، ومعارضة إسرائيل. واستُبدل بالنظام الرأسمالي سريع التحديث والتطور نظامٌ اقتصادي حضاري شعبي إسلامي. (ar)
  • Die Geschichte des Iran seit 1979 beginnt mit der Islamischen Revolution und der Gründung der Islamischen Republik, die im Iran seit dem 1. April 1979 besteht. Fast vier Jahrzehnte hatte Schah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi mit Unterstützung westlicher Staaten, vor allem der USA, das ölreiche Land als Monarch beherrscht. Am 18. Januar 1979 floh der Schah aus Iran vor Unruhen, in deren Folge der schiitische Geistliche Ruhollah Chomeini zum weltlichen Führer aufstieg. Seitdem ist der oberste Rechtsgelehrte des Iran zugleich die wichtigste politische Macht, gemeinsam mit dem Wächterrat, bestehend aus streng religiösen Geistlichen. Daneben gibt es einen vom Volk gewählten Staatspräsidenten. Die Präsidenten- und Parlamentswahlen in Iran werden allerdings stark manipuliert, unter anderem dadurch, dass de (de)
  • One of the most dramatic changes in government in Iran's history was seen with the 1979 Iranian Revolution where Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was overthrown and replaced by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini. The authoritarian monarchy was replaced by an long-lasting Shiite Islamic totalitarian Islamic republic based on the principle of rule by Islamic jurists, (or "Velayat-e faqih"), where Shiite jurists serve as head of state and in many powerful governmental roles. A pro-Western, pro-American foreign policy was exchanged for one of "neither east nor west", said to rest on the three "pillars" of mandatory veil (hijab) for women, and opposition to the United States and Israel. A rapidly modernizing capitalist economy was replaced by a populist and Islamic economy and culture. (en)
rdfs:label
  • History of the Islamic Republic of Iran (en)
  • تاريخ الجمهورية الإسلامية الإيرانية (ar)
  • Geschichte des Iran seit 1979 (de)
  • История Исламской Республики Иран (ru)
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  • Islamic Republic of Iran (en)
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