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- An ancestral shrine, hall or temple (Chinese: 祠堂; pinyin: Cítáng or Chinese: 宗祠; pinyin: Zōng Cí, Vietnamese: Nhà thờ họ; Chữ Hán: 家祠户), also called lineage temple, is a temple dedicated to deified ancestors and progenitors of surname lineages or families in the Chinese tradition. Ancestral temples are closely linked to Confucian philosophy and culture and the emphasis that it places on filial piety. A common central feature of the ancestral temples are the ancestral tablets that embody the ancestral spirits. The ancestral tablets are typically arranged by seniority of the ancestors. Altars and other ritual objects such as incense burners are also common fixtures. Ancestors and gods can also be represented by statues. The temples are used for collective rituals and festivals in honor of the ancestors but also for other family- and community-related functions such as weddings and funerals. Sometimes, they serve wider community functions such as meetings and local elections. In traditional weddings, the ancestral temple serves a major symbolic function, completing the transfer of a woman to her husband's family. During the wedding rites, the bride and groom worship at the groom's ancestral shrine, bowing as follows: 1.
* first bow - Heaven and Earth 2.
* second bow - ancestors 3.
* third bow - parents 4.
* fourth bow - spouse Three months after the marriage, the wife undertakes worship at the husband's ancestral shrine, in a rite known as miaojian (廟見). In mainland China, ancestral temples along with other temples have often been destroyed or forced to become "secularized" as village schools or granaries during the land reform of the 1950s and the Cultural Revolution. They have experienced a revival since the economic liberalization of the 1980s. The revival of the ancestral temples has been particularly strong in southern China where lineage organization had stronger roots in the local culture and local communities are more likely to have clan members living overseas who are keen to support the revival and rebuilding of the shrines through donations. (en)
- Un sanctuaire des ancêtres (祠堂 ou 宗祠, en vietnamien : Nhà thờ họ), aussi appelé salle des ancêtres, temple des ancêtres et temple de la lignée, est un édifice dédié à la (en) et des fondateurs de lignées familiales dans la tradition chinoise. Ces sanctuaires sont étroitement liés à la philosophie et la culture confucianistes et l'accent qu'elles mettent sur la piété filiale. (fr)
- De citang, familietempel of vooroudertempel is een gebouw dat in grote Chinese huizen is te vinden. Het is meestal het centrale punt van een huis of huizencomplex van één familie. Een citang is in het confucianisme zeer belangrijk want een citang is een gebouw waar de voorouders worden geëerd. De citang vindt zijn oorsprong in de Han-dynastie. Voor de jaren 70 van de twintigste eeuw mochten alleen jongens en mannen in de citang komen. In de citang staan de namen van de overleden voorouders op houten plankjes (shenzhupai, 神主牌) op een rij op een grote tafel (shentai, 神臺). (nl)
- ( 지명에 대해서는 사당동과 사당역을 참조하십시오.) 사당(祠堂)은 조상의 신주를 모시고 제사를 지내던 집이다. 사당집, 사우(祠宇), 가묘라고도 하며, 왕실의 사당은 종묘라고 한다. 주자의 ≪가례 家禮≫에서 사당이라고 칭하여 통용되었다. (ko)
- Il tempio ancestrale, tempio gentilizio o tempio di lignaggio (祠堂 cítáng o 宗祠 zōngcí) è un tipo di tempio (庙 miào) della religione tradizionale cinese dedicato agli antenati deificati e agli dèi protettori di un lignaggio gentilizio (宗族 zōngzú), al culto degli antenati della famiglia. In questi templi si trovano altari con statue, ritratti, o tavolette dei nomi degli antenati, cui sono devoluti sacrifici. Inoltre vi si svolgono i matrimoni tradizionali, in cui la donna entra formalmente nella sfera spirituale della famiglia del marito. I templi ancestrali sono proprietà collettiva di tutte le famiglie appartenenti allo stesso lignaggio gentilizio. (it)
- 祠堂，又称家庙、祖堂、公厅，是基於宗法制度，用于供奉和祭祀祖先的祠，其又具有从事家族宣传、执行族规家法、议事宴饮的功能。用于举办家族内子孙的婚、丧、寿、喜等事，还可以作為私塾使用。祠堂可分为宗祠和家祠（或支祠）两类，宗祠是的祠堂，家祠、支祠则是分家所建供奉分房的祖先。 (zh)
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- Un sanctuaire des ancêtres (祠堂 ou 宗祠, en vietnamien : Nhà thờ họ), aussi appelé salle des ancêtres, temple des ancêtres et temple de la lignée, est un édifice dédié à la (en) et des fondateurs de lignées familiales dans la tradition chinoise. Ces sanctuaires sont étroitement liés à la philosophie et la culture confucianistes et l'accent qu'elles mettent sur la piété filiale. (fr)
- De citang, familietempel of vooroudertempel is een gebouw dat in grote Chinese huizen is te vinden. Het is meestal het centrale punt van een huis of huizencomplex van één familie. Een citang is in het confucianisme zeer belangrijk want een citang is een gebouw waar de voorouders worden geëerd. De citang vindt zijn oorsprong in de Han-dynastie. Voor de jaren 70 van de twintigste eeuw mochten alleen jongens en mannen in de citang komen. In de citang staan de namen van de overleden voorouders op houten plankjes (shenzhupai, 神主牌) op een rij op een grote tafel (shentai, 神臺). (nl)
- ( 지명에 대해서는 사당동과 사당역을 참조하십시오.) 사당(祠堂)은 조상의 신주를 모시고 제사를 지내던 집이다. 사당집, 사우(祠宇), 가묘라고도 하며, 왕실의 사당은 종묘라고 한다. 주자의 ≪가례 家禮≫에서 사당이라고 칭하여 통용되었다. (ko)
- Il tempio ancestrale, tempio gentilizio o tempio di lignaggio (祠堂 cítáng o 宗祠 zōngcí) è un tipo di tempio (庙 miào) della religione tradizionale cinese dedicato agli antenati deificati e agli dèi protettori di un lignaggio gentilizio (宗族 zōngzú), al culto degli antenati della famiglia. In questi templi si trovano altari con statue, ritratti, o tavolette dei nomi degli antenati, cui sono devoluti sacrifici. Inoltre vi si svolgono i matrimoni tradizionali, in cui la donna entra formalmente nella sfera spirituale della famiglia del marito. I templi ancestrali sono proprietà collettiva di tutte le famiglie appartenenti allo stesso lignaggio gentilizio. (it)
- 祠堂，又称家庙、祖堂、公厅，是基於宗法制度，用于供奉和祭祀祖先的祠，其又具有从事家族宣传、执行族规家法、议事宴饮的功能。用于举办家族内子孙的婚、丧、寿、喜等事，还可以作為私塾使用。祠堂可分为宗祠和家祠（或支祠）两类，宗祠是的祠堂，家祠、支祠则是分家所建供奉分房的祖先。 (zh)
- An ancestral shrine, hall or temple (Chinese: 祠堂; pinyin: Cítáng or Chinese: 宗祠; pinyin: Zōng Cí, Vietnamese: Nhà thờ họ; Chữ Hán: 家祠户), also called lineage temple, is a temple dedicated to deified ancestors and progenitors of surname lineages or families in the Chinese tradition. Ancestral temples are closely linked to Confucian philosophy and culture and the emphasis that it places on filial piety. 1.
* first bow - Heaven and Earth 2.
* second bow - ancestors 3.
* third bow - parents 4.
* fourth bow - spouse (en)
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- Ancestral shrine (en)
- Tempio ancestrale (it)
- Sanctuaire des ancêtres (fr)
- 사당 (ko)
- Citang (nl)
- 祠堂 (zh)
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