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马德西人 Madhesi Madheshi people Madhesi Мадхеси マデシ
rdfs:comment
摩提舍（मधेश Madhēśa）是梵語摩陀耶提舍（梵語：मध्य देश，羅馬化：Madhya deśa）在當地雅利安語中的合音詞，指尼泊爾南部、印度北部交界的一片地區，意爲“中央之國”。马德西人（英語：Madhesi people）或摩提舍人，是人種學家根據當地人的自稱“摩提屍”（मधेशी Madhēśī，卽住在摩提舍的人）用於居住在尼泊爾德賴平原的民族的統稱，其中包括各種文化團體，如印度教種姓團體、穆斯林、商人和德賴土著居民。許多這些團體與印度比哈爾邦，北方邦和西孟加拉邦的居民分享共同的文化傳統和婚姻關係。最近有一些政治家和記者把這個詞用在了德賴平原的所有尼泊爾公民身上。 從尼泊爾中央丘陵移居到德賴的帕哈里人和塔魯族，不認為自己是摩提舍人。摩提舍人包括從婆羅門到賤民各種姓團體以及族裔團體，如梅蒂利人。自十八世紀末以來，印度移民在當今尼泊爾德賴地區東部定居，當時尼泊爾的國王鼓勵砍伐該地區的森林以發展農業。 Madheshi people (Nepali: मधेशी) is a term used for several groups of people living in the Terai region of Nepal, literally meaning the people of Madhesh. It has also been used as a political pejorative term by the Pahari people of Nepal to refer to non-pahari people with a non-Nepali language as their mother tongue, regardless of their place of birth or residence.The term Madheshi became a widely recognised name for Nepali citizens with an Indian cultural background only after 1990. Madheshi people comprise various cultural groups such as Hindu caste groups, Muslims, Marwaris, Brahmin and Dalit caste groups, ethnic groups like Maithils, Bhojpuri, Awadhi and Bajjika speaking people and indigenous people of the Terai.Many of these groups share cultural traditions, educational and family ties Мадхеси (англ. Madhesi, Деванагари: मधेसी) — индоарийские народы экономически развитого, но до недавнего времени дискриминируемого равнинного региона Тераи или (что означает «срединная страна») на юге Непала, составляющее до половины всего населения страны. Kelompok Etnis Madhesi (Dewanagari: मधेसी) merupakan penduduk asli yang menempati bagian selatan negara Nepal, yang merupakan dataran rendah Terai. Orang Madeshi memiliki budaya dan bahasa yang mirip dengan orang Bihar dan Uttar Pradesh timur di India. Salah seorang tokoh Madhesi terkenal adalah Ram Baran Yadav, presiden pertama Nepal setelah negara ini menjadi Republik pada tahun 2008. * l * * s Madhesi (Maithili: मधेसी) ist eine Bezeichnung für die Bewohner des südlichen Tieflandes von Nepal (Terai, auch Madhesh genannt, nach dem Sanskrit-Wort madhyadesh für „Mittelland“). Es handelt sich um verschiedene Volksgruppen, die zusammengefasst nahezu die Hälfte der Bevölkerung ausmachen. Die in den höher gelegenen Hügelregionen lebenden Nepalesen werden genannt. Im Juli 2008 wurde der Madhesi Ram Baran Yadav zum ersten Staatspräsidenten der Republik Nepal gewählt. マデシ（英: Madhesh）は、ネパール南部に東西に広がる細長い平原地帯、「マデス」、「タライ」または「テライ」ともいわれる地域に住む人々。。 国土面積の17%、人口の48%を占め、1100万人が住む。土地は肥沃である。南はインドに接する。 文化的には北インドに近い。言語的にはマイティリー語、ボージュプリー語、アワディー語など北インドの言葉が話され、共通語としてヒンディー語が話される。 また、カースト制度も丘陵部と違って、インドの制度に近い。バラトプル、ビラートナガル、ダーラン、ビールガンジなど、人口の大きな都市が多い。ネパールで最長の国道、マヘンドラ・ハイウェイが東西に通じている。
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摩提舍（मधेश Madhēśa）是梵語摩陀耶提舍（梵語：मध्य देश，羅馬化：Madhya deśa）在當地雅利安語中的合音詞，指尼泊爾南部、印度北部交界的一片地區，意爲“中央之國”。马德西人（英語：Madhesi people）或摩提舍人，是人種學家根據當地人的自稱“摩提屍”（मधेशी Madhēśī，卽住在摩提舍的人）用於居住在尼泊爾德賴平原的民族的統稱，其中包括各種文化團體，如印度教種姓團體、穆斯林、商人和德賴土著居民。許多這些團體與印度比哈爾邦，北方邦和西孟加拉邦的居民分享共同的文化傳統和婚姻關係。最近有一些政治家和記者把這個詞用在了德賴平原的所有尼泊爾公民身上。 從尼泊爾中央丘陵移居到德賴的帕哈里人和塔魯族，不認為自己是摩提舍人。摩提舍人包括從婆羅門到賤民各種姓團體以及族裔團體，如梅蒂利人。自十八世紀末以來，印度移民在當今尼泊爾德賴地區東部定居，當時尼泊爾的國王鼓勵砍伐該地區的森林以發展農業。 マデシ（英: Madhesh）は、ネパール南部に東西に広がる細長い平原地帯、「マデス」、「タライ」または「テライ」ともいわれる地域に住む人々。。 国土面積の17%、人口の48%を占め、1100万人が住む。土地は肥沃である。南はインドに接する。 文化的には北インドに近い。言語的にはマイティリー語、ボージュプリー語、アワディー語など北インドの言葉が話され、共通語としてヒンディー語が話される。 また、カースト制度も丘陵部と違って、インドの制度に近い。バラトプル、ビラートナガル、ダーラン、ビールガンジなど、人口の大きな都市が多い。ネパールで最長の国道、マヘンドラ・ハイウェイが東西に通じている。 Madhesi (Maithili: मधेसी) ist eine Bezeichnung für die Bewohner des südlichen Tieflandes von Nepal (Terai, auch Madhesh genannt, nach dem Sanskrit-Wort madhyadesh für „Mittelland“). Es handelt sich um verschiedene Volksgruppen, die zusammengefasst nahezu die Hälfte der Bevölkerung ausmachen. Die in den höher gelegenen Hügelregionen lebenden Nepalesen werden genannt. Zu den als Madhesi bezeichneten Volks- und Sprachgruppen zählen die Maithili, Bhojpuri, Awadhi und andere. Die Tharu sehen sich teils als Madhesi, teils als eine von diesen abgegrenzte indigene Gruppe. Die meisten Madhesi sind Hindu mit Kastensystem, daneben gibt es eine Minderheit von Muslimen. Manche Pahadi betrachten die Madhesi als „unechte Nepalesen“ bzw. als eingewanderte Inder, und die Bezeichnung „Inder“ (marsya) wird als Beleidigung für sie verwendet. Viele Madhesi fühlen sich im Gesamtstaat Nepal marginalisiert, da ihre Sprachen neben dem Nepali nicht anerkannt waren und ihr Anteil in Parlament, Regierung, Justiz, Streitkräften etc. weit unter ihrem tatsächlichen Bevölkerungsanteil lag. Madhesi-Aktivisten forderten deshalb im Kontext des Nepalesischen Bürgerkriegs eine stärkere Mitbestimmung, etwa durch Quoten für die einzelnen Volksgruppen und ein föderalistisches System. Vor allem die maoistischen Rebellen zeigten Sympathien für diese Anliegen. Nach dem Friedensschluss, der 2006 den Bürgerkrieg beendete, fürchteten jedoch manche Madhesi, dass ihre Forderungen bei der Neuverteilung der Macht wiederum nicht berücksichtigt würden, und es kam zu Protesten und Unruhen. Unter den Madhesi-Organisationen waren auch militante Gruppen, die zum Teil für eine Sezession von Nepal eintraten. Manche Beobachter warnten daher bereits vor einem neuen, ethnischen Konflikt in Nepal. Im Juli 2008 wurde der Madhesi Ram Baran Yadav zum ersten Staatspräsidenten der Republik Nepal gewählt. Kelompok Etnis Madhesi (Dewanagari: मधेसी) merupakan penduduk asli yang menempati bagian selatan negara Nepal, yang merupakan dataran rendah Terai. Orang Madeshi memiliki budaya dan bahasa yang mirip dengan orang Bihar dan Uttar Pradesh timur di India. Kata madeshi merupakan bentuk kata sifat dari madesh yang menunjuk kelompok orang di daerah Terai, Nepal. Madesh (मधेश) berasal dari akar bahasa Sanskerta madhya desh (मध्य देश) yang berarti "negara bagian tengah". Beberapa teori berkembang mengenai asal dari kata ini, salah satu yang terkenal adalah bahwa tanah ini dipercaya merupakan pusat dari kerajaan Hindu tua . Salah seorang tokoh Madhesi terkenal adalah Ram Baran Yadav, presiden pertama Nepal setelah negara ini menjadi Republik pada tahun 2008. * l * * s Мадхеси (англ. Madhesi, Деванагари: मधेसी) — индоарийские народы экономически развитого, но до недавнего времени дискриминируемого равнинного региона Тераи или (что означает «срединная страна») на юге Непала, составляющее до половины всего населения страны. Madheshi people (Nepali: मधेशी) is a term used for several groups of people living in the Terai region of Nepal, literally meaning the people of Madhesh. It has also been used as a political pejorative term by the Pahari people of Nepal to refer to non-pahari people with a non-Nepali language as their mother tongue, regardless of their place of birth or residence.The term Madheshi became a widely recognised name for Nepali citizens with an Indian cultural background only after 1990. Madheshi people comprise various cultural groups such as Hindu caste groups, Muslims, Marwaris, Brahmin and Dalit caste groups, ethnic groups like Maithils, Bhojpuri, Awadhi and Bajjika speaking people and indigenous people of the Terai.Many of these groups share cultural traditions, educational and family ties with people living south of the international border in Bihar, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal. Tharu people and Pahari people living in the Terai do not consider themselves as Madheshi.In recent times, some politicians and journalists use the term for all Nepali citizens of the Terai.
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