| dbo:abstract
|
- The working definition of antisemitism (also called the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance definition of antisemitism or IHRA definition) is a non-legally binding statement on what antisemitism is which was adopted by the IHRA Plenary (consisting of representatives from 31 countries) in Bucharest, Romania, on 26 May 2016. The statement reads: Antisemitism is a certain perception of Jews, which may be expressed as hatred toward Jews. Rhetorical and physical manifestations of antisemitism are directed toward Jewish or non-Jewish individuals and/or their property, toward Jewish community institutions and religious facilities. Accompanying the working definition, but of disputed status, are 11 illustrative examples whose purpose is described as guiding the IHRA in its work, seven of which relate to Israel. The definition was developed during 2003–04 and first published on 28 January 2005 on the website of the European Union agency, the European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia (EUMC). The publication was made "without formal review", and remained a working draft until November 2013 when the EUMC's successor agency, the Fundamental Rights Agency (FRA), removed it from its website in "a clear-out of non-official documents". As of June 2021, the working definition has been accepted by the European Parliament and other national and international bodies and employed for internal use by a number of governmental and political institutions. The IHRA definition has been criticised by some academics who say that it stifles free speech relating to criticism of Israeli actions and policies. High-profile controversies took place in the United Kingdom in 2011 within the university and College Union and within the Labour Party in 2018. The definition has been contested for weaknesses that critics say lend themselves to abuse, for obstructing campaigning for the rights of Palestinians and for being too vague. One of the original drafters, Kenneth S. Stern, has opposed the "weaponizing" of the definition on college campuses in ways that might suppress and limit free speech. (en)
- De IHRA werkdefinitie van antisemitisme, kortweg de IHRA-definitie, is een definitie van antisemitisme die in 2016 is aangenomen door de International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (IHRA). Zij is bedoeld als hulpmiddel voor het vaststellen van antisemitische voorvallen ten behoeve van de monitoring (het bijhouden van het aantal voorvallen) en als leidraad voor het onderwijzen van medewerkers van autoriteiten op het gebied van handhaving, wetgeving en rechtspraak. De werkdefinitie is uitdrukkelijk gepresenteerd als wettelijk niet-bindend. De definitie is aangenomen door de ruim 30 bij de IHRA aangesloten landen en ook door het Europees Parlement. Zij is erg omstreden vanwege de vage en onnauwkeurige formulering en vooral ook vanwege de Israël-gerelateerde voorbeelden die bij de definitie zijn gevoegd. (nl)
- 反猶太主義的現行定義（英語：Working Definition of Antisemitism）是簡短幾句陳述反猶太主義的聲明： Antisemitism is a certain perception of Jews, which may be expressed as hatred toward Jews. Rhetorical and physical manifestations of antisemitism are directed toward Jewish or non-Jewish individuals and/or their property, toward Jewish community institutions and religious facilities. —— 反猶太主義是外界對猶太人的某些認知，而這些認知可能會以帶有仇恨的方式宣洩在猶太人身上。針對猶太人個人與或其財產、猶太人社群和宗教機構施以反猶太主義的言語或肢體行為。 ——非官方中文翻譯 聲明之後附上了11項符合該定義的例子，其中7項是關於以色列。 (zh)
|
| rdfs:comment
|
- 反猶太主義的現行定義（英語：Working Definition of Antisemitism）是簡短幾句陳述反猶太主義的聲明： Antisemitism is a certain perception of Jews, which may be expressed as hatred toward Jews. Rhetorical and physical manifestations of antisemitism are directed toward Jewish or non-Jewish individuals and/or their property, toward Jewish community institutions and religious facilities. —— 反猶太主義是外界對猶太人的某些認知，而這些認知可能會以帶有仇恨的方式宣洩在猶太人身上。針對猶太人個人與或其財產、猶太人社群和宗教機構施以反猶太主義的言語或肢體行為。 ——非官方中文翻譯 聲明之後附上了11項符合該定義的例子，其中7項是關於以色列。 (zh)
- The working definition of antisemitism (also called the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance definition of antisemitism or IHRA definition) is a non-legally binding statement on what antisemitism is which was adopted by the IHRA Plenary (consisting of representatives from 31 countries) in Bucharest, Romania, on 26 May 2016. The statement reads: Accompanying the working definition, but of disputed status, are 11 illustrative examples whose purpose is described as guiding the IHRA in its work, seven of which relate to Israel. (en)
- De IHRA werkdefinitie van antisemitisme, kortweg de IHRA-definitie, is een definitie van antisemitisme die in 2016 is aangenomen door de International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (IHRA). Zij is bedoeld als hulpmiddel voor het vaststellen van antisemitische voorvallen ten behoeve van de monitoring (het bijhouden van het aantal voorvallen) en als leidraad voor het onderwijzen van medewerkers van autoriteiten op het gebied van handhaving, wetgeving en rechtspraak. De werkdefinitie is uitdrukkelijk gepresenteerd als wettelijk niet-bindend. (nl)
|
