| dbo:abstract
|
- Le Joint Committee on Atomic Energy (JCAE) était un (en) auquel on avait donné pour tâche d'exercer une juridiction exclusive sur tous les « lois, résolutions et autres » liés aux aspects civils et militaires de l'énergie nucléaire. Créé en 1946 à la suite de l' (en) et ayant pour mission de surveiller la Commission de l'énergie atomique des États-Unis (AEC), le comité a été actif jusqu'en 1977. Il est considéré comme ayant été l'un des comités du congrès les plus puissants de l'histoire des États-Unis, étant notamment le seul comité conjoint des temps modernes ayant eu une autorité législative. L'un des pouvoirs majeurs du comité était son « veto législatif ». Ce dernier permettait au comité d'agir comme co-décideur avec la branche exécutive plutôt que d'avoir sur elle un simple (en). Ce veto a été jugé par la Cour suprême des États-Unis en 1983. Au cours des années 1970, après la création de la Commission de réglementation nucléaire, visant à remplacer la Commission de l'énergie atomique, le rôle du comité a commencé à diminuer. Le Congrès a transféré la plus grande partie du pouvoir législatif du comité sur les installations civiles à d'autres comités de la Chambre des représentants et du Sénat. Le comité a été aboli le 5 août 1977. (fr)
- The Joint Committee on Atomic Energy (JCAE) was a United States congressional committee that was tasked with exclusive jurisdiction over "all bills, resolutions, and other matters" related to civilian and military aspects of nuclear power from 1946 through 1977. It was established by the United States Atomic Energy Act of 1946, and was the overseer of the United States Atomic Energy Commission. It had been preceded by the Senate Special Committee on Atomic Energy, chaired by Senator Brien McMahon. For its broad powers, it is described as one of the most powerful congressional committees in U.S. history. It was the only permanent joint committee in modern times to have legislative authority. The panel coupled these legislative powers with exclusive access to the information upon which its highly secretive deliberations were based. In particular its relations with the U.S. Department of Defense and the individual armed services were especially close. The joint committee was also entitled by statute to be kept "fully and currently informed" of all commission activities and vigorously exercised that statutory right, demanding information and attention from the executive branch in a fashion that arguably has no equivalent today. During the early years of the Cold War, McMahon became the Senate's most prominent expert on atomic energy matters and as chairman exercised considerable influence towards increasing the focus on nuclear weapons as being essential to the American national interest. In this McMahon was aided by the executive director of the committee's staff, William L. Borden, who himself became a powerful figure. Senator Bourke Hickenlooper also served as chair during the early years of the committee and shared a similar sensibility. Indeed regardless of which party controlled the committee, the push for increased production of nuclear materials, and a resultant increase in the American nuclear stockpile, continued. One major power wielded by the JCAE was the "Legislative Veto". This unique power enabled the JCAE to influence policy decisions while matters were pending. This enabled the JCAE to act as a co-decision maker with the executive branch rather than only providing congressional oversight of actions that had already occurred. The legislative veto power was later found to be unconstitutional by the United States Supreme Court in 1983. This committee was the main opponent to the creation of the EPA. The Ash Council addressed its resistance to interference by proposing to only transfer over to the new agency the responsibilities of setting radiation standards outside of nuclear power plants. The JCAE had various subcommittees including Agreements for Cooperation, Communities, Legislation, Military Application, National Security, Raw Materials, Radiation (Special), and Research and Development. During the 1970s, the committee's role in shaping nuclear policy began to diminish after the Nuclear Regulatory Commission was created to replace the Atomic Energy Commission. Congress soon transferred the bulk of the joint committee's jurisdiction over civilian nuclear power to other standing congressional committees in the House and Senate. The joint committee was finally abolished on August 5, 1977. (en)
|
| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink
| |
| dbo:wikiPageID
| |
| dbo:wikiPageLength
|
- 25184 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger)
|
| dbo:wikiPageRevisionID
| |
| dbo:wikiPageWikiLink
| |
| dbp:agency
|
- Congressional Research Service (en)
|
| dbp:contentstyle
|
- border:solid 1px silver; padding:8px; background:white; (en)
|
| dbp:date
| |
| dbp:title
|
- Historical membership (en)
|
| dbp:titlestyle
| |
| dbp:url
|
- http://www.fas.org/irp/crs/RL32538.pdf|title=9/11 Commission Recommendations: Joint Committee on Atomic Energy — A Model for Congressional Oversight? (en)
|
| dbp:wikiPageUsesTemplate
| |
| dcterms:subject
| |
| rdf:type
| |
| rdfs:comment
|
- Le Joint Committee on Atomic Energy (JCAE) était un (en) auquel on avait donné pour tâche d'exercer une juridiction exclusive sur tous les « lois, résolutions et autres » liés aux aspects civils et militaires de l'énergie nucléaire. Créé en 1946 à la suite de l' (en) et ayant pour mission de surveiller la Commission de l'énergie atomique des États-Unis (AEC), le comité a été actif jusqu'en 1977. Il est considéré comme ayant été l'un des comités du congrès les plus puissants de l'histoire des États-Unis, étant notamment le seul comité conjoint des temps modernes ayant eu une autorité législative. (fr)
- The Joint Committee on Atomic Energy (JCAE) was a United States congressional committee that was tasked with exclusive jurisdiction over "all bills, resolutions, and other matters" related to civilian and military aspects of nuclear power from 1946 through 1977. It was established by the United States Atomic Energy Act of 1946, and was the overseer of the United States Atomic Energy Commission. It had been preceded by the Senate Special Committee on Atomic Energy, chaired by Senator Brien McMahon. For its broad powers, it is described as one of the most powerful congressional committees in U.S. history. It was the only permanent joint committee in modern times to have legislative authority. (en)
|
| rdfs:label
|
- Joint Committee on Atomic Energy (fr)
- United States Congressional Joint Committee on Atomic Energy (en)
|
| owl:sameAs
| |
| prov:wasDerivedFrom
| |
| foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf
| |
| is dbo:wikiPageRedirects
of | |
| is dbo:wikiPageWikiLink
of | |
| is foaf:primaryTopic
of | |
